植物硝酸盐转运蛋白功能及表达调控研究进展

植物硝酸盐转运蛋白不仅能够吸收、运转硝态氮,而且在植物其他生理过程中也发挥重要作用.重点介绍了硝酸盐转运蛋白在氮素吸收运转、硝酸盐积累、侧根发育、激素运转以及逆境响应调控等方面的最新研究进展,并概括了硝酸盐转运蛋白的表达调控模式.     

丛枝菌根真菌对氮素的吸收作用和机制

丛枝菌根真菌可以与绝大多数陆生植物共生,它可以吸收铵态氮、硝态氮、一些氨基酸和一些复杂的有机氮素,吸收的氮素在根外菌丝中转化成精氨酸,并以这种形式运输到根内菌丝,在根内菌丝和根细胞界面,精氨酸再进一步转化为NH4^＋后转移到宿主植物体,参与植物氮素代谢,而转移的氮量及对宿主植物氮营养的贡献与宿主植物、真菌以及基质养分和水分条件有关．     

氮素形态对小麦幼苗生长及根系生理特性的影响

在水培条件下分别施用铵态氮、硝态氮、酰胺态氮及20%铵态氮+80%酰胺态氮,研究了3种氮素形态4种处理对小麦苗期生长、根系生理特性及氮素积累的影响。研究结果表明:氮素形态对小麦幼苗生长有显著的影响,在硝态氮处理下,小麦叶重、总生物量最高,日增重高于铵态氮34.5%;硝态氮肥可以提高根干重和根冠比,并可提高根系中的可溶性糖、硝酸还原酶(NRA)活性,氮素吸收效率和偏生产率最高。较好地印证了在水培条件下,小麦喜好硝态氮营养,硝态氮的增效优于其他氮素形态,混合氮源次之,铵态氮略高于酰胺态氮,但两者差异不显著。     

甜玉米对氮素的吸收

采用"银皇后"以氮--50％硝态氮、50％铵态氮的比率!在溶液中栽培生长,从而确定甜玉米生长周期中对氮素吸收的数量和氮素需要的时期。硝态氮和铵态氮的吸收作用同玉米的抽雄时期相类似。当抽雄时期,硝态氮比铵态氮吸收的比率较大。然而,当果穗形成期,铵态氮比硝态氮吸收的比率较高。当抽雄--果穗形成期氮的吸收占整个生长周期总计氮素吸收的60％时,进行氮素需要的估价。这些结果表明,采用"银皇后"由于氮素吸收相关比率和特殊生长时期,施用氮素化肥能够获得较大的效应。     

香根草对不同形态氮吸收动力学特性研究

对香根草不同形态氮素吸收动力学特性进行了研究,其吸附曲线均符合Michaelis-Menten酶动力学方程,采用Hofstee转化式对实验数据进行处理,得出以下结论： 1)香根草对铵态氮的亲和力小于对硝态氮的亲和力(Km铵态氮＜Km硝态氮),说明香根草有优先吸收硝态氮的趋势; 2)香根草对铵态氮的最大吸收速率Vmax为6.3479 μmol·g－1·h－1,对硝态氮的最大吸收速率Vmax为2.2219 μmol·g－1·h－1,Vmax铵态氮＞Vmax硝态氮,表明香根草对铵态氮的净化速率大于对硝态氮的净化速率;3)对于富营养化水平较高的水体修复,香根草具有更高的效率,可以将Michaelis-Menten动力学模型应用于不同营养化水体修复植物的选择.     

菠菜AMT基因家族鉴定与表达分析

铵态氮转运蛋白（AMT）负责铵态氮的吸收与转运,对植物的生长和发育起重要的调节作用.对菠菜SoAMT基因家族进行了基因组鉴定、生物信息学分析、组织表达谱及氮素响应表达谱分析,结果表明：菠菜基因组中共存在6个AMT的基因,包括5个AMT1成员和1个AMT2成员,主要分布在1,4,5,6条染色体上,编码区长度为1 443~15 06 bp;6个SoAMT蛋白均包含AMT基因家族特有的保守结构域及保守基序,含有9~11个跨膜结构域;SoAMT启动子含有较多茉莉酸、厌氧胁迫响应元件.SoAMT基因在根、叶、柄中均有表达,大部分SoAMT1亚家族成员受缺氮、硝态氮或铵态氮诱导表达,而SoAMT2基因表达量受铵态氮抑制.两类亚家族成员不同的氮响应模式,可能与其在氮素响应中的不同作用有关.     

氮源对杜鹃花菌根真菌氮吸收及硝酸还原酶活性的影响

采用菌丝干重法、半微量凯氏定氮法和磺胺比色法分别测定了HD19、ZT13和D1 3个树粉孢属杜鹃花菌根真菌菌株在铵态氮、硝态氮和有机氮培养基中的生物量、含氮量和硝酸还原酶活性。结果表明:3个菌株在3种氮源培养基中生长良好,而且无机氮培养基中菌株生物量和氮吸收量均显著高于有机氮培养基; 其中菌株HD19在硝态氮培养基中氮吸收量显著高于铵态氮,而菌株ZT13和D1在铵态氮培养基中氮吸收量较高; 菌株在硝态氮培养基中硝酸还原酶活性均较高,说明树粉孢属杜鹃花菌根真菌不仅具有较好的利用硝态氮的能力,还可以吸收利用其他形态的氮源,外源硝态氮可以诱导该类真菌硝酸还原酶活性的提高。     

3种入侵菊科植物对入侵域土壤肥力的影响

为探寻入侵植物与本地植物竞争是否存在一定的规律性,研究了黄顶菊、三叶鬼针草、豚草3种菊科植物与本地不同植物(狗尾草、藜、草木樨)竞争,对土壤酶活性和土壤养分的影响.结果显示:1)3种入侵植物对可利用氮的利用能力显著高于本地植物,且三叶鬼针草、豚草单种对氮素的利用能力要强于黄顶菊;3种入侵植物所需速效钾的含量较低;2)入侵植物对土壤生态的影响还与入侵域本地植物种类密切相关:3种入侵植物与狗尾草竞争过程中脲酶活性显著升高,入侵植物利用铵态氮的能力要强于硝态氮,3种入侵植物与藜竞争,入侵植物利用硝态氮的能力要强于铵态氮,有机碳含量呈上升趋势.3种入侵植物与草木樨竞争,速效钾含量显著升高.黄顶菊、三叶鬼针草、豚草入侵可以改变土壤养分和土壤酶活性,创造对自身生长有利的土壤环境,并借此增强其竞争能力.     

氮素对印楝愈伤组织和悬浮细胞培养的影响

通过改变印楝组织培养基中硝态氮与铵态氮物质的量比,并与培养物的生物量、可溶性蛋白含量、印楝素、柠檬苦素含量相关联,探讨了MS培养基中氮素对印楝愈伤组织和悬浮细胞培养的影响.实验结果表明:在印楝的愈伤组织培养过程中,当硝态氮与铵态氮物质的量比为4∶1时,生物量、可溶性蛋白含量、印楝素以及柠檬苦素含量均达到最大积累量;在悬浮细胞培养的过程中,当硝态氮与铵态氮物质的量比为3∶1时,可溶性蛋白含量、印楝素以及柠檬苦素含量达到最高,而在2∶1时生物量达到最大.因此,印楝组织培养的不同阶段应该采用不同形式氮素比例的培养基,只有这样才能获得最佳的目标培养物.     

太湖地区水稻节水灌溉与氮素淋失

通过田间试验探讨有效的农田氮素水体污染防治途径。研究表明,节水灌溉（湿润灌溉）情况下渗漏水中总氮浓度、氮素渗漏量、氮素渗漏损失代价均随着施氮量的增加而增加,渗漏水中3种形态的氮素（硝态氮、铵态氮和有机氮）以硝态氮为主,铵态氮和有机氮占的比例较低;和常规灌溉相比,相同施氮处理（264.75kg/hm^2)采用节水灌溉时稻谷增产4.1%,氮肥当季利用率提高3%、氮素渗漏量下降8.9kg/hm^2,水稻节水灌溉是当前降低太湖地区水体氮素污染行之有效的重要措施之一。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.