黄前库区森林植被截持降雨的能力

研究黄前库区流域森林主要类型刺槐林和油松林对降雨的截留和分配作用,结果表明:林冠截留量表现为阳坡刺槐林最多,阳坡油松林次之,阴坡油松林最小,刺槐林的最大林冠截留量约11mm,而油松林的林冠截留量可达15mm;刺槐林枯枝落叶物对降水的截留明显优于油松林,其吸附比例可达自身重量的4.2～4.4倍,而油松林只有2.1～2.5倍;林下植被对降水的吸附量为阳坡刺槐林最大,阴坡油松林次之,阳坡油松林最少,但它们之间的吸附比率相差不大。     

不同森林类型的土壤持水能力及其环境效应研究

以森林类型梯度镶嵌分布格局的研究为基础，以泰山龙潭积水区的森林土壤为研究对象，对不同森林类型下的土壤进行调查测试分析，结合水、DEM数据分析了区内不同林型地土壤的蓄水能力和水源涵养功能。结果表明该区森林土壤连续涵蓄降水的能力较强，但不同森林类型条件下土壤蓄水能力差异明显，以刺槐林地最好、山顶灌丛最差。区内以成熟林为主，森林植被保护较好，土壤水分特性较佳，能有效减少区域地表径流，增加地下径流量，改善集水区内的水分分配，提高水分的可利用性，对下游环境和水资源的综合利用起到积极的作用。     

不同森林类型的土壤持水能力及其环境效应研究

以森林类型梯度镶嵌分布格局的研究为基础,以泰山龙潭积水区的森林土壤为研究对象,对不同森林类型下的土壤进行调查测试分析,结合水文、DEM数据分析了区内不同林型地土壤的蓄水能力和水源涵养功能.结果表明该区森林土壤连续涵蓄降水的能力较强,但不同森林类型条件下土壤蓄水能力差异明显,以刺槐林地最好、山顶灌丛最差.区内以成熟林为主,森林植被保护较好,土壤水分特性较佳,能有效减少区域地表径流,增加地下径流量,改善集水区内的水分分配,提高水分的可利用性,对下游环境和水资源的综合利用起到积极的作用.     

密云水库流域两种典型人工林枯落物持水特性

通过对密云水库流域油松林和林刺槐林枯落物持水能力测定，结果表明：油松林和刺槐林枯落物现存量为分别为7.11和3.62 t·hm^-2，最大持水量分别为8．227和5．605 t·hm^-2，有效持水量分别为1.193和0．261 t·hm^-2。枯落物吸水量与吸水时间表现出很好的对数关系。     

苏北海堤防护林冠层截留降水特性研究

对苏北海堤主要防护林类型林冠层降水分配格局及其影响因素的分析结果表明:各林分冠层在降水分配格局方面有较大差异,柳杉林冠层截留率(29.4％)>水杉林(25.7％)>刺槐林(17.5)。透流率则是刺槐林(75.7％)>水杉林(68.2％)>柳杉林(66.0％)。刺槐林和水杉林树干径流率明显高于柳杉林,分别为6.35％、6.1％和4.65％。各林分冠层截留率随降雨量级增大而递减。水杉、刺槐林在落叶期截留率比柳杉林低20％,盛叶期柳杉林与水杉林相近,比刺槐林高10％～15％。另外,在逐步回归分析基础上,筛选出了影响林冠截留的主要降水特性因子,并给出了各林分冠层降水截留量预报模型。     

试论广西森林水资源的生态效益

利用多年的森林水文数据，从森林对降雨量的分配；森林涵养水源，调节水量；森林地面径流持性；森林水量平衡；森林造成较湿润的生态环境等五个方面，详尽分析了森林对水资源巨大的生态功能和效益，对广西御防干旱、洪涝灾害提出了１１点建议．     

基于功能性状及系统发育的桂林喀斯特石山群落构建

群落构建是生态学研究的中心议题，采用功能性状和系统发育研究方法可以完善生态位理论在群落构建中的作用。本研究以桂林市喀斯特石山阴坡和阳坡植物群落为研究对象，基于生境内出现的82个物种构建系统发育树，对阴坡和阳坡的土壤含水量、全氮、有机质和叶干物质、叶绿素、叶厚度和木材密度的植物功能性状进行测定，检验功能性状的系统发育信号。结果表明：1)土壤含水量、全氮和有机质含量为阳坡显著高于阴坡(P<0.05);2)叶绿素、叶厚度和木材密度为阴坡显著高于阳坡(P<0.05);3)4种功能性状表现出微弱的系统发育信号；4)阴坡和阳坡群落的系统发育结构均呈发散分布，暗示生境过滤作用是阴坡和阳坡群落构建的主要驱动力。     

岷江流域森林植被对洪水的调节功能分析与研究

森林对洪水的调节作用因地区、尺度、植被类型等的变化而相差较大．通过对岷江流域不同森林植被在降水、下渗、蒸散发等各阶段作用效应进行研究，分析其对洪水的调节作用．结果指出：岷江冷杉原始林对洪水形成各阶段调节作用都比较显著，其次人工油松林及苹果树等经济树种也有很好的截留作用．     

中国亚热带森林土壤呼吸的基本特点

中国亚热带森林在全球森林生态系统中具有独特的植被类型及结构,长期受人类活动干扰(毁林、造林等),森林土壤碳呼吸特征不明确,较难准确估算土壤碳的分配情况.分析了我国亚热带森林土壤呼吸在不同森林类型、不同退化和恢复演替阶段,以及造林再造林等的影响条件下的变化规律.结果表明:我国亚热带区域中的天然林的土壤呼吸通常表现为针叶林(如马尾松林)<松阔或针阔混交林<季风常绿阔林;马尾松与杉木人工林广布中国亚热带地区,两种林分的CO2年通量相当,中龄林较之幼龄林,土壤有机碳库呈现减少趋势;不同研究区域相同林分的土壤呼吸效率初步表现为南强北弱;我国亚热带森林的土壤呼吸通量与世界其他地区的热带森林土壤呼吸通量相差无己,其释放的碳量对全球碳通量的影响应加以重视.     

千烟洲试验区大气降雨特征及人工林树干茎流特征

对中国科学院千烟洲试验区大气降水特征及人工林树干茎流进行了研究，结果表明，年降雨量大部分集中在5-9月，其中以6月份最大，日降雨量级低于5．0mm的小雨较多。干流量以木荷林的干流量最大，为41．30mm，其次是湿地松，为5．70mm，杉木林最小，为3．1lmm，3种森林类型干流量的月际变化基本上都是随着降水量增加而增加，其中以木荷林较为明显。但是各森林类型的干流率则大至相同，有时降水量增大干流率反而减少，如1月份降水量为74．5mm，木荷林、湿地松林和杉木的干流量只有1．54mm、0．27mm和0．09mm，干流率却达到2．07％、0．33％和0．13％；7月份的降水量为353．7mm，干流量达到了7．14mm、0．80mm和0．37mm，干流率却只有2．02％，0．23％和0．10％。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。