高陡斜坡上桥梁桩基受力特性及影响因素分析

高陡斜坡上的桥梁桩基,除了承受上部结构荷载外,还将承受山体变形产生的剩余下滑力和桩周岩土体抗力。首先,将上部结构作用简化为桩顶竖向荷载、水平荷载以及偏心弯矩,基于Winkler弹性地基梁理论,建立考虑桩-土-坡相互作用的简化受力模型。进而导出高陡斜坡上桥梁桩基各特征桩段的平衡微分方程,并采用幂级数法对其进行求解,计算结果与文献值吻合较好,说明了幂级数解答的合理性。在此基础上,分析3个主要因素对桩基内力与变形的影响。结果表明:桩顶水平荷载对基桩的力学性能影响较大,高陡斜坡上桥梁桩基的陡坡效应不容忽视,选择合理的桩基直径以及采取可靠的边坡防护措施均能提高基桩抵抗弯矩和变形的能力,这些结论均可为实际工程设计提供参考。     

考虑P-Δ效应的陡坡段桥梁双桩结构受力分析

深入分析了陡坡段桥梁桩基受力的P-Δ效应形成机理.依据土压力理论与弹性地基梁理论,通过对坡体剩余下滑力和土体抗力的合理简化,建立了陡坡段桥梁双桩结构体系的桩土相互作用模型.在此基础上,导出不同特征桩段微分方程的幂级数解答,从而提出了一种可考虑P-Δ效应的陡坡段桥梁桩基受力计算方法.与文献算例对比分析表明了该方法的合理性.最后,对双桩结构内力与位移的影响因素及其敏感性进行了探讨,结果表明:前桩P-Δ效应的影响不容忽视,当桩顶荷载水平及地基抗力比例系数相同时,后桩桩身最大弯矩比前桩大,且最大弯矩作用面均位于边坡滑动面附近,陡坡上的桥梁桩基同样具有嵌固深度效应.     

倾斜荷载下基桩C法的幂级数解

在C法(地基系数沿深度呈抛物线形式增加)假设基础上,从弹性桩的基本微分方程出发,考虑P-Δ效应并计入桩侧摩阻力和桩身自质量,推导并得到了倾斜荷载作用下单层均质土中基桩内力及位移的幂级数解.利用该解答对某工程实例进行了分析计算,并与传统的m法计算结果进行比较.结果表明,基于C法的幂级数解计算所得基桩内力及位移规律与工程实际吻合,且基桩最大弯矩和地面水平位移较m法降低10%左右.     

竖向和水平荷载共同作用下PHC管桩受力分析

考虑桩身摩阻力、桩身自重及土抗力的影响,从弹性桩的挠曲线微分方程出发,假定均匀地基土层中地基系数按m法线性增大,推导了在竖向和水平向荷载共同作用下基桩的内力和位移的幂级数解答.公式规律性强,意义明确,容易编制成程序来求解问题.通过计算桩身挠曲线、转角和弯矩,竖向荷载的作用能稍微提高管桩的水平承载性能.     

嵌岩桩高桩承台的桩顶内力分布研究

基于竖向力和弯矩荷载下７组模型试验的电阻片量测资料，分析了嵌岩桩基的实测桩顶内力分布规律同外荷载与桩位之间分布的关系，指出实测桩顶内力与常规ｍ法分析的偏差同外荷载与桩位之间的分布有关。弹性承台假定下的有限元计算结果与试验结果相当吻合。     

边坡段水平受荷桩桩前土抗力折减效应的模型试验研究

为解决由于边坡存在造成的土抗力折减问题,开展了黏性土中平地及不同边坡条件下的基桩水平加载室内模型对比试验.试验结果表明,两种工况下水平受荷桩的荷载变形曲线及内力变化规律基本一致,但位于坡体上的基桩的承载能力明显折减,而该折减效应与边坡角度及桩位于边坡的位置紧密相关.进一步量化分析了土抗力折减效应的影响因素,提出了折减效应与桩位于边坡的位置和边坡角度的定量关系.在此基础上,通过对坡体上极限土抗力和初始刚度的合理修正,建立了可考虑边坡处土抗力折减效应的水平受荷桩的p-y曲线计算公式.理论计算值与已有的试验结果的对比表明两者吻合较好.     

斜坡段桥梁基桩受力与变形分析的传递矩阵法

根据斜坡段桥梁基桩的水平承载特性,建立了考虑斜坡效应的桩-土相互作用模型及挠曲微分方程;基于m法和传递矩阵法,推导了桩身内力与位移分析的传递矩阵解答;通过模型试验,测得了黏土和砂土斜坡地基比例系数,拟合得到了斜坡地基比例系数与坡度间的关系式,验证了理论解答的合理性;以某工程实例为基础,分析了斜坡坡度和桩顶水平荷载对斜坡基桩受力与变形的影响.研究表明：斜坡地基比例系数随桩土交界面处桩身水平位移增大而呈非线性关系减小;黏土和砂土斜坡地基比例系数均随斜坡坡度增加而减小;基桩桩顶水平位移和桩身最大弯矩均随斜坡坡度和桩顶水平荷载增加而增大;当斜坡坡度由0°增加至60°时,桩顶水平位移约增大86.4%,桩身最大弯矩约增大4.6%,桩身最大弯矩位置约下移2.0 m;桩顶水平荷载每增加50 kN,桩顶水平位移平均增大48.5%,桩身最大弯矩平均增大41.6%.     

基于能量法的陡坡段桥梁基桩屈曲稳定性分析

考虑桩后坡体剩余下滑力的分布规律,以及桩前岩土体水平地基抗力弱化效应对基桩稳定性的影响,建立陡坡段桥梁基桩屈曲稳定分析计算模型。通过建立桩土体系的总势能方程,并运用能量法导得陡坡段桥梁基桩屈曲临界荷载和稳定计算长度解答。以实际工程基桩为例对影响基桩屈曲稳定性的桩身弹性模量、桩径、嵌固深度等因素进行参数分析。研究结果表明:本文计算结果与已有模型试验结果吻合较好,表明本文解答合理。基桩的埋入比、临界长径比及临界嵌固深度对其屈曲稳定性具有显著影响。     

堆载滑动对桥墩与桩基础的影响分析

针对处于陡坡地段的某公路大桥桥梁桩基偏位问题,通过数值计算结果与现场实测偏位值的对比分析,用位移法计算得到堆载滑动前后桥梁桩基的侧向偏位与内力(弯矩和剪力)分布情况,并提出了合理的治理措施。研究结果表明,堆载滑动是影响桥梁安全性的主要因素,滑动后桥墩偏位和内力显著增加;堆载大小对桩身偏位和内力分布影响较大,位移和内力随堆载增加而增大且呈非线性增大;桩基在系梁处存在受力不利区域,桩身内力均在系梁处发生较大突变;实际中,应避免对桥梁桩基的大面积堆载,以免堆载滑动对桥梁产生破坏。     

Pasternak地基中H(t)-V受荷桩水平响应有限杆单元法分析

为探讨桩顶水平动荷载H（t）与竖向荷载V联合作用下桩基的水平响应,基于 Pasternak地基和Euler梁理论,建立了桩-土相互作用水平振动分析模型,采用改进的有限杆单元方法求解考虑P-Δ效应、土体剪切效应影响的综合刚度矩阵方程,结合桩土连续边界条件得到桩身内力与位移解答.通过与已有解析解、有限元解和模型试验的结果比较,验证了计算方法的合理性.最后,对影响桩身内力与位移的主要因素进行分析.结果表明：1）传统Winkler地基相较于Pasternak地基模型,忽略了地基土体的剪切效应,将夸大桩体结构的实际受力,使得计算得到的桩身水平位移和弯矩均大于Pasternak地基所得结果,且随着桩土弹模比Ep/Es的降低,两种地基模型计算的桩身最大水平位移和弯矩的差异性呈现出增强趋势;2） 随着桩顶竖向荷载的增加,桩身水平位移和弯矩受P-Δ效应的影响显著.当桩顶竖向荷载特征参数λ由0增至2时,桩身最大水平位移和弯矩分别提高40.85%和78.57%;3） 相较无限长桩（L>20dp）,有限长桩的水平位移和弯矩的动力响应受桩身长径比L/dp影响更大;桩身最大水平位移和弯矩随着水平简谐荷载幅值H0的增加而增大,随着无量纲频率a0的增大而减小.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.