海藻酸钠改性膨润土/聚(丙烯酸钠-丙烯酰胺) 高吸水性复合材料的合成及性能

以丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺为单体,采用新型水溶液聚合法,制备海藻酸钠改性的膨润土/聚(丙烯酸钠-丙烯酰胺)高吸水性复合材料.采用正交实验,考察交联剂、引发剂、中和度、海藻酸钠、膨润土及单体质量比等因素对吸水倍率的影响.结果表明,当膨润土质量分数为30%时,该高吸水性复合材料仍可吸收自身重量1 200多倍的蒸馏水.傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,单体与矿物结合良好.     

敞开体系水溶液法合成膨润土/聚丙稀酸钠超吸水性复合树脂

以丙烯酸,膨润土为原料,利用水溶液法合成了膨润土聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性复合材料,并对膨润土用量、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、丙烯酸中和度和温度对悬浮聚合反应及对产物吸水性能的影响进行了研究.所制备的吸水性复合材料吸水速率快,吸水率高达700g/g.     

聚丙烯酸钠/高岭土复合高吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

采用丙烯酸为单体,高岭土为原料,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠作引发剂,通过水溶液聚合法制得了聚丙烯酸钠/高岭土复合高吸水性树脂,并对其进行红外光谱测定.考察了高岭土的添加量、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、中和度等单因素变量对树脂吸水性能的影响,并测定其反复吸水性能及保水性能.实验结果表明,高岭土的添加量为单体含量的15%、交联剂用量为单体含量的0.15%、引发剂用量为单体含量的0.25%、中和度为50%、聚合温度为80℃时制备的树脂吸水倍率最大,为968 g·g-1;加入高岭土时得到的树脂比其他条件相同不含高岭土时的反复吸水性能好;复合树脂有较好的保水性能,常压40℃时,7 h后树脂的保水率为69.17%;不同浓度Na Cl盐溶液对复合高吸水性树脂吸水倍率的影响不同,盐溶液浓度越大,树脂的吸水倍率越小.     

用于煤矿防灭火的高吸水树脂的合成与吸水性能研究

以蒙脱土、丙烯酸为主要原料,采用溶液聚合法合成了超强吸水性复合树脂.讨论了蒙脱土加入量、引发剂加入量、交联剂的用量、丙烯酸的中和度对高吸水性复合树脂吸水倍率的影响,优化了该复合材料吸自来水性能的配方,即蒙脱土添加量为40％,单体的中和度为80％,交联剂用量为0.08％,引发剂用量为0.15％.在此配方下制备的复合材料吸自来水倍率达到156倍.傅里叶红外光谱图研究证实蒙脱土能够有效地与高聚物结合,不但提高了树脂的保水能力和耐热性,而且大大降低了树脂成本.     

聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺)/膨润土/淀粉吸水性复合材料的制备及其性能

采用N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,以过硫酸钾为引发剂,利用水溶液聚合法制备了聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺)/膨润土/淀粉吸水性复合材料,研究了膨润土用量、引发剂、交联剂、中和度、单体质量比等因素对材料吸水性能的影响,探讨了材料的保水性和吸水速率.结果表明:当膨润土含量为丙烯酸单体的13%,引发剂含量为0.8%,交联剂含量为0.04%,中和度为85%,m(AA)/m(AM)为1时,该复合材料吸水倍数为390,其保水性能良好.     

聚丙烯酸高吸水性聚合物的制备与性能

利用水溶液聚合法制备微孔状聚丙烯酸高吸水性聚合物,通过傅立叶变换红外分析(FTIR)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征其结构特征.研究引发剂质量分数、交联剂质量分数、单体中和度、反应温度以及反应时间对所制备吸水聚合物的吸水倍率的影响规律.结果表明,在引发剂质量分数为0.5%、交联剂质量分数为0.05%、单体中和度为80%和反应温度为60 ℃的条件下,仅用1 h即可成功制得微孔状聚丙烯酸高吸水性材料,其吸附蒸馏水倍率和吸附生理盐水倍率(质量分数0.9%)分别为468 mL/g和60 mL/g.     

膨润土-有机复合吸水材料的制备及其吸水保水特性研究

实验采用阳离子型表面活性剂对膨润土进行离子交换扩大膨润土的层间距,以高能球磨法为手段促进吸水性有机单体丙烯酸在膨润土层间的插入,制备出一种具有纳米复合结构的有机-无机复合型新型吸水材料。在膨润土的掺加量为丙烯酸单体质量的2倍、丙烯酸与氢氧化钠中和度80%、交联剂N-N亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的用量为0.02%、引发剂过硫酸铵用量为2.0%时,膨润土有机复合高性能吸水材料吸水倍率可达354g/g,在自然状态下与纯水相比可延长蒸发15天,在土壤中吸水饱和与未掺加吸水材料的土壤相比可延长水分的保持时间。     

新型超吸水性复合材料水凝胶电解质的制备

把膨润土/聚丙烯酸钠超吸水性复合材料浸入到电解质溶液中,制备了一种电导率为50 S.m-1的新型水凝胶电解质.实验表明,水凝胶电解质具有类似离子溶液的电导率,水凝胶电解质的电导率主要决定于它所浸入溶液的离子浓度、pH值和温度.超吸水性复合材料的吸水倍率对水凝胶电导率是具有重要的影响,但在一定的范围内,超吸水性复合材料的制备条件对水凝胶的电导率的影响较小.     

工艺因素对XG-AM接枝共聚型吸水树脂性能的影响

以APS为引发剂,MBAA为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法,制备了XG-AM接枝共聚耐盐型高吸水性树脂.分别研究了丙烯酰胺用量、碱用量、聚合温度、交联剂和引发剂用量等因素对树脂吸水性能的影响.采用红外光谱仪、X射线粉末衍射仪对树脂进行了表征和测试.结果表明:黄原胶与丙烯酰胺发生了接枝聚合反应,当m(AM)/m(XG)为6∶1,m(NaOH)/m(AM)为1∶1,聚合温度为60℃,m(MBAA)/m(AM)为0.04∶1,m(APS)/m(AM)为0.07∶1时,树脂对去离子水的吸收倍率可达1 240 g.g-1,对0.9%NaCl溶液的吸收倍率达到235 g.g-1.     

羧甲基纤维素-丙烯酰胺吸水性树脂的制备及性能研究

采用氧化还原引发体系,以羧甲基纤维素和丙烯酰胺为原料,接枝共聚制得吸水树脂.研究了单体比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、NaOH用量、反应温度等因素对树脂吸水性能的影响.当反应温度40℃,时间3 h,丙烯酰胺与羧甲基纤维素的质量比为8:1,引发剂和交联剂用量分别为单体质量的2%和0.4%,NaOH用量1.0 g时,可制得吸水倍率为513 g/g的吸水树脂.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

<正>~~     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme