大跨径三塔缆索承重桥力学性能研究

分别建立了三塔缆索承重桥3种桥型的有限元计算模型,通过对比研究,给出了3种桥型的一些力学特性.进行主跨为1 400m的3种桥型方案试设计,论证了3种桥型的可行性,给出了三塔缆索承重桥的一些经济特性.对比了3种桥型的施工方法,论述了施工期间力学性能较佳的桥型.研究结果表明:协作桥的中塔主缆抗滑移稳定性较难满足设计要求;3种桥型索塔的轴力相近,而斜拉桥主梁的轴力很大,稳定性相对较差;斜拉桥扭弯频率比最大,比悬索桥大37%左右,比协作桥大8%左右;协作桥经济性能较佳,其单位面积造价比斜拉桥和悬索桥分别少29%和15%;悬索桥的施工工艺较为成熟,施工期间具有更好的稳定性.     

大跨度四塔悬索桥动力特性参数敏感性分析

为了深入研究大跨度多塔悬索桥的动力特性,基于ANSYS软件建立了某大跨度四塔悬索桥的三维有限元模型,采用Block Lanczos法进行模态分析,以获得该桥的自振频率和振型,并分析了主缆矢跨比、恒载集度、主梁刚度以及中塔刚度等结构关键参数对其动力特性的影响.结果表明:该桥基频为0.071 71 Hz,对应振型为主梁一阶正对称侧弯;增大矢跨比有利于提高大桥颤振性能;随着恒载集度的增加,结构各阶自振频率均有不同程度的下降;增大主梁横向和扭转刚度可分别提高主梁侧弯和扭转频率,而增大主梁竖弯刚度对主梁竖弯频率影响较小;主梁一阶竖弯频率随着中塔纵向刚度的增大而显著提高.研究结果可为大跨度多塔悬索桥的结构设计与动力分析提供参考.     

三塔悬索桥结构竖向刚度及主缆抗滑需求

为研究不同跨径三塔悬索桥对于结构竖向刚度及主缆抗滑安全的综合需求特征,构建了主跨500～1 500 m范围内的6座三塔悬索桥计算模型,通过改变中塔纵向刚度,对加劲梁竖向挠度及主缆抗滑安全系数进行了计算分析,并探讨了将主缆抗滑安全系数限值进行折减的合理性.研究表明:跨径越大的三塔悬索桥越易满足结构竖向刚度及主缆抗滑安全的要求,有效缓解了中塔效应问题;中塔纵向刚度对结构刚度、塔顶偏位及主缆抗滑安全系数均有较大影响,但该影响随中塔纵向刚度的提高而趋于恒定;适当增大缆-鞍间摩擦系数后,三塔悬索桥桥跨布置及中塔纵向刚度的合理设计区间大幅拓宽;杆系模型配合规范计算公式得出的主缆抗滑安全系数要比多尺度模型结果小21%～30%,因此建议可偏保守地对规范抗滑安全系数限值进行15%的折减,即由2.0降低至1.7.     

中央扣对三塔悬索桥地震反应的影响

针对三塔悬索泰州长江大桥这一特殊桥型,基于Abaqus台建立了该桥的空间动力有限元模型并进行非线性动力分析.研究了地震作用下,缆梁间刚性中央扣对三塔悬索桥塔梁位移、塔柱内力以及塔梁间弹性拉索的影响.研究结果表明:中央扣对三塔悬索桥动力特性有不可忽视的影响;由于中央扣增强了缆梁间相互作用,在地震作用下,中塔横向位移与加劲梁跨中竖向位移均有所增加,中塔柱纵桥向剪力有所减小;中央扣限制了加劲梁纵向位移并减小了加劲梁对中塔下横梁的作用,但边塔柱底扭矩有所增加.     

行波输入下大跨度三塔悬索桥减震控制

为研究考虑行波效应的大跨度三塔悬索桥减震控制,以泰州大桥为工程背景,建立了该三塔悬索桥的有限元模型,探究了不同视波速下弹性索和黏滞阻尼器对三塔悬索桥减震效果的影响.研究结果表明:弹性索可有效控制中塔处塔梁相对位移,但边塔处塔梁相对位移可能不降反增,增幅甚至达到95.8%,若采用弹性索作为减震措施,建议只在三塔悬索桥的中塔处进行设置.在任意视波速条件下,黏滞阻尼器对各主塔塔梁相对位移均具有较好的控制效果.采用弹性索会使中塔塔底剪力呈倍数增加,而采用黏滞阻尼器时中塔塔底剪力的增幅不超过50%.因此,黏滞阻尼器比弹性索更适用于大跨度三塔悬索桥的减震控制.     

2000米跨径下三塔悬索桥钢中塔结构形式的研究

简单概述三塔悬索桥的必要性,以及对2000米跨径下三塔悬索桥中塔结构形式进行简要研究和分析.     

缆索承重桥的体系比选

从结构体系受力特点出发,将斜拉桥和悬索桥与其他各种双塔三跨缆索承重桥进行对比分析,并探讨在面对隧道竞争的情况下,不同跨径范围内结构体系的合理选择;比较了各种多塔缆索承重体系桥梁的力学与经济性能.分析表明,对于双塔三跨的缆索承重桥,主跨小于1100 m时,优先选择斜拉桥体系;超过1100 m时,悬索桥将面对其余缆索体系及隧道的竞争,可考虑锚碇和基础处水深及其他因素比较确定.     

三塔以上悬索桥关键力学行为及结构成立特征

为探究三塔以上悬索桥在不同跨径及桥塔数目时的力学行为和成立特征,建立了主跨径为500～1500 m、桥塔数目为3～8的24个悬索桥计算模型,明确了竖向刚度及主缆抗滑的最不利简化布载模式,分析了汽车荷载和温度荷载作用、结构振型基频以及颤振临界风速,探讨了中塔纵向刚度对结构成立特征的影响.结果 表明:单主跨及单侧简化满载可分别用于最不利竖向挠度及抗滑安全分析;加劲梁竖向挠度仅在桥塔数目由3增至4时存在明显跃升;抗滑安全性对桥塔数目变化不敏感,但随主跨径的增加而显著提高;加劲梁温致纵向变形较大,可通过优化塔梁约束体系加以解决;桥塔数目奇偶性影响结构正/反对称横弯的次序,主跨径增加会导致各振型基频及颤振临界风速显著减小;三塔以上悬索桥中塔效应更为突出,缆-鞍间摩擦系数取值为0.3时结构成立空间大幅增加.     

中央扣对悬索桥地震反应的影响

文章运用大型结构分析程序Midas/Civil,在地震波作用下,对某三塔悬索桥的地震反应进行数值模拟,分析了中央扣的设置对三塔悬索桥的动力特性的影响。结果表明,中央扣的设置加强了主缆与加劲梁的联系,增大了结构的整体刚度,在地震作用下能有效的约束加劲梁的竖向位移和纵向位移,并使中塔的纵向位移响应变小,但是设置中央扣加大了结构的内力,在抗震设计时必须要考虑这种不利影响。     

基于结构参数变化对结合梁自锚式悬索桥动力特性的分析

借助Midas/Civil建立合理动力全桥模型,结合梁自锚式悬索桥自振特性规律,虚设一座相同参数的地锚式进行比较,探讨恒载集度、主梁刚度、桥塔刚度、主缆抗拉刚度、吊索抗拉刚度等主要参数对结合梁自锚式悬索桥固有频率的影响。研究表明:在狭窄的频率范围内,振型较为集中,且前几阶振型以主梁振动为主;恒载倍率增加对一阶振型频率均有减小作用,主梁竖向刚度增加对一阶竖弯振型影响较大,桥塔纵向刚度增加使纵漂频率显著增加,主缆抗拉刚度倍率增大使主梁扭转振型频率增加显著,吊索抗拉刚度倍率增大对一阶振型频率影响很小。     

基于变形协调原理的多塔斜拉桥非边塔纵向抗推刚度

为深入探寻多塔斜拉桥刚度特征,将斜拉索对桥塔的约束比作弹簧刚度这一理念引入多塔斜拉体系.选取多塔斜拉桥的最典型形式——三塔斜拉桥建立弹簧刚度等效模型,基于变形协调原理,求解多塔斜拉桥非边塔纵向抗推刚度,对推导的公式进行算例验证,并分析结构主要参数对桥塔纵向抗推刚度的影响.研究结果表明:对非边塔左跨施加均布荷载时,本文推导公式的非边塔塔顶偏位解与已有文献有限元解间的误差在6.82%以内,说明本文推导的非边塔纵向抗推刚度公式能够反映多塔斜拉桥桥塔的刚度特征,符合多塔斜拉桥概念设计的要求;非边塔纵向抗推刚度与桥塔自身刚度、主梁刚度、拉索与主梁夹角、拉索线刚度和桥塔拉索锚固间距等因素有关.     

Study in the design and manufacture process ofthe elastic cable anchor box in steel box girder of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is a large span suspension bridge with three pylons. The elastic cables are installed to connect the steel tower and the steel box girder. The constraints can increase the safety coefficient of the middle saddle, and improve the stress conditions of the middle pylon and decrease the deflection in the middle of the main girder, as well as the longitudinal displacement of the main girder caused by live loads. The anchorage boxes of the elastic cable are installed in the wind fairing outside the vertical web plate of the box girder. Two anchor boxes form a pair and are arranged parallelly. Eight anchor boxes are installed in the bridge. In this paper, the design scheme and the technical difficulties in manufacturing are briefly discussed with the precision control techniques.     

Study on effects of environmental temperature on dynamic characteristics of Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge

The dynamic characteristics of three-tower and two-span suspension bridge are analyzed at different global temperatures. An equivalent cable inner force method is proposed to consider temperature effects and to study the effects of environmental temperature on dynamic characteristics of Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge. The result demonstrates that the effects of temperature can not be neglected in static or dynamic analysis of Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge. The relationship between temperature and frequency is negative. The effects of temperature should be taken into account in experimental modal analysis of long-span bridges and damage identification.     

Construction and control technology of the main bridge superstructure of Sutong Bridge

The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge （short as Sut.ong Bridge） is now the largest span cable-stayed bridge in the world. The construction of the superstructure of the middle bridge covered several stages including erection of the big block girders for the side span, assistant span and tower area, erection of standard girders and closure of the middle span. The big block girders were hoisted by a floating crane, and the standard girders were hoisted by a double crane system on the deck. The pushing assistant method was adopted for the middle span closure construction. Furthermore, key technologies and innovative methods used in the processes of girder erection and cable assemblage in all stages were expatiated systematically. An all-stage self- adaptive geometry control method was used in the construction process. By accurately controlling the unstressed dimensions and shape of all structural components in each step, and realization that the control system and the controlled system adapt to each other, the goal was to make control of the final line shape and inner force of the bridge structure achievable. Two solutions, including GPS based and total station based dynamic geometry monitoring systems, were used to resolve the measure problem under the wide - range of wind-induced vibrations in the long cantilever state. Finally, research on the wind-induced vibration of the superstructure during the construction period was executed. Buffeting response analysis to the longest single and double cantilever states were carried out. The analysis and evaluation of wind resistance safety of the main girders under the longest single cantilever state was made, and corresponding wind resistance measures were suggested. The as-built geometric error and cable force error were controlled in a required design range, and this whole technological achievement can be a benchmark for construction of other large span cable-stayed bridges in the future.     

多塔斜拉桥力学特性及其关键力学参数研究

采用有限元分析理论,应用三维有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立3～6塔主跨跨径为1 400 m的多塔斜拉桥有限元分析模型,分析了典型工况下4种方案的内力和变形,研究了索塔数对多塔斜拉桥静力特性、动力特性和静力稳定性的影响特点,探讨了索塔数对多塔斜拉桥活载挠度、塔顶纵向位移等关键力学参数的影响规律.分析结果表明：索塔数由3塔增至6塔时,塔根弯矩最大增大47.1%,主梁弯矩最大增大39.9%,边塔塔顶位移增加15%,一阶弹性稳定系数最大下降8.3%,颤振稳定性指数最大增加4.3%;主梁边跨竖向挠度比中间跨大11%左右,且中间跨挠度相近;索塔数对索塔受力影响显著.     

塔-梁纵向连接方式对多塔自锚式悬索桥抗震性能的影响规律

以福州市某在建的三塔自锚式悬索桥为工程背景,建立三维有限元模型,应用直接积分法进行非线性时程分析,分别研究纵向漂浮体系和约束体系下三塔自锚式悬索桥的抗震性能.计算结果表明:相对纵向漂浮体系而言,纵向约束体系中塔梁纵向约束可以有效地限制主梁的纵向振动,使得索鞍抗滑安全系数较大,边塔及中塔地震变形较小,主梁截面弯矩较小,梁端伸缩缝位移需求也较小.因此,从多塔自锚式悬索桥的抗震安全性角度考虑,建议采用塔-梁纵向约束体系.     

Design of steel box girder for Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Highway Bridge is the first three-pylon two-span suspension bridge in China. The main girder adopts flat steamline steel closed box girder which has well wind-resistant capability and is technically mature besides beautiful appearance. Straight web plates of the steel box girder in longitudinal direction are proposed in order to ensure the integrity of the steel box girder, and to keep the stress of the steel box girder continuous in the middle pylon, as well as to reduce the gradient of the middle pylon columns. The cross section of the box girder has one box with three cells. Solid-web diaphragm plate with good integrity and high torsional stiffness is adopted. The lifting lugs are utilized in the anchors of suspender cable. In this paper, selection of the cross section of the steel box girder, the general structure design, local structure design and main structure calculation results of Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge are introduced emphatically.     

结构参数变化对自锚式悬索桥动力特性的影响

自锚式悬索桥的动力特性主要包括体系的自振频率和主振型,它是自锚式悬索桥动力分析的基础和前提.通过建立空间有限元模型及工程实例,给出了前20阶频率和相应的振型,分别计算了恒载、加劲梁刚度、塔架刚度、矢跨比等结构参数变化对自锚式混凝土悬索桥动力特性的影响,并与相同跨径和结构参数的1座地锚式悬索桥进行了比较,对影响规律做了详细的讨论.     

超高空间异形曲面索塔线形控制技术研究

针对超高空间异形曲面索塔形状复杂、曲率及尺寸变化大、整体施工及控制过程难度大且智能化控制技术研究较少的问题,以重庆白居寺长江大桥超高空间水滴形索塔为研究背景,对该结构类型索塔精细化及智能化施工控制技术开展研究。首先对索塔施工全过程进行了有限元分析,并且采用三维BIM技术对异形曲面模板设计及制造进行了优化,同时对上塔柱临时横撑的顶推力及拆除顺序进行了分析,并对桥塔应力、线形进行监测,最后提出索塔变形自动化监测方法及塔肢线形和临时横撑轴力智能化控制技术。研究结果表明：索塔施工全过程,混凝土拉、压应力均未超出规范限值;采用三维BIM技术,优化了异形曲面模板设计及制作工艺,节约了10%~20%的模板制作成本;所提出的倾角仪+GNSS-RTK融合测量方法与全站仪测量结果最大绝对误差仅1.6mm,最大相对误差仅5.41%,具有较高的精度;采用塔肢线形和临时横撑轴力智能化控制技术使临时横撑的轴力误差始终控制在10%以内,塔肢的位移误差也控制在5mm以内,索塔线形控制效果显著,同时当第n层横撑施工后,可通过控制第n-i（i=1,2,...m）层横撑内力相对恒定来控制塔肢的变形相对稳定;临时横撑最佳拆除顺序应遵循由中间往两端拆除的原则。     

悬索桥缆索系统的数值分析法

针对已有计算方法的不足之处,提出了一种各种状态下悬索桥主缆线形的精确数值算法和索股、吊索长度的计算方法.该方法能全面考虑温度、各种鞍座及主塔的约束作用对主缆线形的影响,并能很好地处理主缆与鞍座的接触问题,可以方便地模拟塔顶鞍座临时固接和顶推这一悬索桥特有的施工工况,索股长度计算时能精确考虑悬索桥锚跨索股的空间走向,具有计算精度高、速度快的优点.利用该方法编制的软件已用在江阴大桥和润扬大桥的设计和施工中.