发展混农林业是黑河林区治危兴林的一条必由之路

混农林业是世界诸多国家的林业专家在生产和科研活动中逐步建立起来的一个新型林业概念，是林业发展中的新事物。混农林业（Agroforestry）这个名词是在1977年国际林业研究会（ICRAF）成立时提出的。其定义是，在同一片土地上，把农业、林业、畜牧业等生产结合起来，建立综合持久的土地利用管理体系。从我市林业实际情况看，混农林业，还应理解为林业要走出独木支撑的单一结构格局，而要以林为主，与林业有着内在联系的以种植业为主的大农业中的农、牧业乃至渔业进行复合经营。黑河市林业系统和全省林业一样，从1990年以来出现了经济危困…     

混农林业发展现状及其应用概况

概述了复合农林业崛起的历史背景及概念的演绎过程,概要介绍了混农林业在世界范围的应用情况和研究的热点问题.     

山东省海岸带复合农林业的经营类型及模式优化研究初报

在调查的基础上，结合以往的研究成果，对山东省海岸带复合农林业的经营类及型及模式进行了分析、比较，提出了不同海岸带复合农林业经营类型的优化模豚相关的造林技术。     

复合农林业及其在黄土高原地区的实践

论述了复合农林业的概念和原理,介绍了在我国黄土高原地区现已出现的,并具较大发展潜力的复合农林模式,对黄土高原地区复合农林业的持续发展和研究方向作者提出了自己的看法。     

重庆市云阳县桐粮间作模式及效益分析

云阳县位于重庆东部,介于东径108°24′32″～109°14′51″,北纬30°55′06″～31°26′30″。全县人口131万（2008年）,土地面积36．49万公顷,其中农耕地面积6．47万公顷。通过对云阳县林业生产的野外调查和室内资料分析,本文简介了云阳县的自然条件和桐粮间作复合经营模式,着重分析了桐粮间作的经济效益、生态效益及社会效益。最后,笔者提出了进一步发展混农林业的几点建议。     

三峡库区果粮间作模式及效益分析——以云阳县为例

为了改善生态环境,合理利用土地资源,保证粮食安全和农民增收已成为各级政府和社会各界关心的问题,通过对云阳县复合农林业的野外调查和室内资料分析,本文简介了云阳县的自然条件和果粮间作复合经营模式。着重分析了果粮间作的经济、生态、社会效益,最后作者提出了进一步发展混合农林业的几点建议。     

从西方混业经营重建看中国金融业经营模式的选择

随着我国加入WTO的日期日益临近，我国金融业现行的分业经营模式即将完成历史使命。取而代之的将是混业经营。考察中外金融业经营模式的历史发展和理论基础，我国实行混业经营已经具备良好的外部环境。针对于此，笔者认为金融业的混业经营虽已成为大势所趋，但我们也要根据国情选择合适的经营方式，切不可盲从国外的经营模式，以免出现金融混乱。文章通过西方分业混业经营的变迁，对分业混业经营对中国的综合影响进行透彻分析。从而深入探讨中国金融业经营模式的合理选择与发展方向，在金融深化与创新的趋势中，为我国金融业适应国际金融市场的竞争、应对世界经济一体化和金融自由化浪潮的冲击提出宝贵的应对策略。     

安徽长江防护林工程区坡耕地混农造林研究

安徽省长防林工程区约有２ 万ｈｍ２ 坡耕地，是水土流失最严重，也是治理难度最大的地类。在可持续发展理论的指导下，经过近１０ 年的探索，根据混农造林的时空结构，研究推广了几种适合于工程区发展的混农造林模式。混农造林以其投入低、效益高、见效快，已经成为长防林工程区２５°以下坡耕地改造的主要方式。     

次贷危机背景下论我国保险业的“分业”与“混业”

伴随经济全球化和金融自由化浪潮席卷世界，我国保险业应采用分业经营模式还是混业经营模式成为学界广泛关注的命题。笔者在次贷危机的背景下，通过对“分业”“混业”优劣势的分析，结合我国实际，建议我国保险业在目前及其后很长一段时期内整体上还应采用分业模式，但有必要在经济发达地区小规模试点混业模式。     

矿区废弃地不同植被模式生态稳定性评价

以阜新煤矿废弃地为例,采用专家评价系统确定植被生长因子、植被改良土壤因子和植被滞尘能力因子作为生态稳定性评价指标,建立生态稳定性评价体系,并对矿区废弃地不同植被模式的生态功能稳定性进行评价,确定出矿区生态重建最优植被模式.研究表明,生态稳定性与植被覆盖度密切相关,植被覆盖度越高,其生态稳定性越好.在矿区生态重建中,人工林地模式和人工覆土改良模式比自然恢复模式生态稳定性要好,多样性混植模式的生态稳定性好于单一模式.不同植被模式的生态稳定性排序为:刺槐和白榆混交林-草>火炬林-草>刺槐林-草>紫穗槐林-草>白榆林-草>天然草地.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the