基于模糊数学的工程装备控制系统故障分析

工程装备控制系统结构复杂、故障率高，提出了控制系统故障树分析法。针对该系统底事件和中间事件发生故障概率情况获取不足的情况，建立了故障树模型。用模糊故障树分析法对故障树模型进行定性和定量分析。以故障诊断系统的直流电源子故障树系统为例，将模糊数学理论引入故障树分析法，并将基本底事件发生概率描述为一模糊数，通过其运算规则估计出整个系统的模糊故障率。该方法能快速准确地检测和诊断系统潜在故障，分析控制系统的可靠性。     

基于模糊故障树的城轨列车客室塞拉门的可靠性分析

对于故障率较低的底事件,无法通过试验或者运营数据获取精确故障率,运用模糊故障树并引入专家评估系统,对城轨车辆客室塞拉门系统进行可靠性分析.运用客观定权法确定各专家评估模糊数的权重,并计算得到各底事件的模糊故障率,通过逻辑门模糊算子运算得到顶事件的模糊故障率,运用重心法解模糊得到顶事件故障率.通过计算分析底事件模糊重要度,给出底事件重要度排序,为故障检测优先顺序提供理论指导.分析结果与运营维修统计数据相符,证明其有效性.     

一种基于区域模型的中压配电网可靠性评估算法研究

提出一种基于馈线分区的复杂中压配电网可靠性评估的统一矩阵算法.根据开关的功能,将馈线网络分为自动隔离区域和手动隔离区域;根据开关的位置,将区域分为具有切换功能的区域和不具有切换功能的区域.根据馈线区域的划分思想形成配电网络的区域节点模型.基于区域故障模式及故障后果分析法,提出了形式化的配电网络可靠性评估的统一矩阵算法.该算法适用于带子馈线的中压配电网的可靠性评估.通过对RBTS算例的计算,证明该算法的有效性.     

基于故障影响遍历的配电网可靠性评估算法研究

提出一种基于故障影响遍历的中压配电网供电可靠性评估改进算法．算法将熔断器故障影响和负荷支路因熔断器拒动而对外界的影响并入该负荷支路所在馈线进行处理,同时考虑故障后负荷点由主电源恢复供电和备用电源恢复供电的区别,扩展了故障影响类型．改进算法更适用于实际配电系统,是一种较实用的评估算法．算例验证了所提算法的正确性和有效性．     

复杂配电网的供电可靠性定量评估

为了快速而有效地分析配电网中可能出现的各种故障所产生的后果，提出了一种能较准确进行复杂配电网供电可靠性定量评估的故障遍历算法．该算法引入了数据结构中的深度优先搜索、广度优先搜索以及邻接表的概念．其中：将深度优先搜索方法用于搜寻故障失电区域以及可操作和不可操作恢复供电区域；用广度优先搜索方法寻找对非故障区恢复供电后潮流可能发生变化的线路；用基于邻接表的“前推后代”潮流算法校验供电恢复路径是否可行．算例分析表明，本文的方法能适用于对复杂配电网供电可靠性进行定量评估．     

综合考虑检修策略和设备健康指数的配电网可靠性评估

针对配电网传统可靠性评估方法未充分考虑设备的差异性、时效性等缺陷,提出了一种综合考虑检修策略和设备健康指数的配电网可靠性评估方法,以合理评估配电网的可靠性,从而为配电网的规划和检修安排提供依据.首先基于logistic回归模型计算设备的健康指数,根据健康指数和故障率的关系曲线计算设备的故障率、可用率和不可用率;然后基于最小路法与故障枚举法,枚举配电网的可行运行方案与故障状态;最后利用设备故障率与负荷点负荷信息,计算系统整体的故障概率和故障后果,从而获得配电网的可靠性指标.对中国南方某地区10 kV实际电网进行仿真分析,验证了所提方法的有效性.     

三角直觉逼近在模糊系统可靠性上的应用

针对不同类型直觉模糊数表示部件故障率的模糊系统可靠性问题,提出一种分析模糊系统可靠性的新方法.首先根据数据特点将正态型和尖γ型直觉模糊数逼近成三角形直觉模糊数;然后用直觉模糊数的代数运算对具有串并联结构的模糊系统进行可靠性分析;最后通过实际算例表明,运用这种方法所得的结果与已有的典型方法相比,有效地减少了计算量和模糊分布,提高了结果的可信度.为解决系统各个部件用不同类型直觉模糊数表示其故障率的系统可靠性的评估问题提供了一种新方法.     

基于效能分析的网络可靠性评估模型

为了实时有效地评估现实网络的可靠性,针对目前可靠性分析方法大多基于静态模型的问题,提出了一种基于效能的网络可靠性评估模型.在使用Weibull函数表示故障率模型的基础上建立了链路和节点效能的时变模型,并根据求解全网可靠性的一般方法得到整个网络的时间效能模型,通过网络效能的变化动态评价网络的可靠性.实验仿真结果表明,该网络效能模型在可修复系统与不可修复系统中能够客观描述网络效能随时间的变化.随着时间的增长,对于故障率时不变系统,网络效能将趋于稳定值;而对于故障率时变系统,网络效能将趋于0.时变故障系统模型更加适合于实时的网络效能分析,为网络可靠性的分析提供了更加有效的方法.     

应用邻接多重表存储结构的配电网可靠性评估算法

结合复杂配电网的特点,提出基于邻接多重表的复杂配电网可靠性评估分块算法。首先给出适合于配电网数据存储的邻接多重表构造方法及存储结构,解决了网络搜索的空间、时间复杂度问题。基于此提出配电网前推回代潮流计算方法及配电网可靠性评估的分块形成算法。该算法可使配电网潮流计算与可靠性评估分块算法采用同种存储结构,简化了配电网可靠性计算程序的编制,并可节省计算时间。应用该算法对RBTS-BUS6及实际工程系统进行了可靠性评估,算例表明该算法可有效减少计算时间,具有较高的工程实用价值。     

模糊数的运算法则在故障树分析中的应用

将模糊数理论引入到设备的故障树分析方法中.首先简述了模糊数的简化的加、减、乘的运算法则;然后,给出了一个常压炉火灾爆炸事故树;最后,将基本事件发生的概率描述为模糊数,利用模糊数简化的加、减、乘运算法则对模糊故障树分析,并计算出整个系统的模糊故障率.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

An Accurate and Universal HEOM Approach to Strongly Correlated Quantum Impurity Systems

A hierarchical equations of motion(HEOM)approach is developed for general open quantum systems coupled to fermionic environment.The HEOM method is in principle formally exact,as it resolves nonperturbatively the combined effects of many-body interaction,system-bath dissipation,and non-Markovian memory.In practice,the HEOM approach is highly accurate and efficient for the characterization of strongly correlated quantum impurity sys-     

Progress in Linear Scaling Non-Orthogonal Localized Molecular Orbitals Method

The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-     

Editorial note for the special topic on ＂Nanopore Analysis＂

The concept of nanopore analysis, using the pore-forming protein a-hemolysin to detect individual nucleic acids at a single-molecule level, was first proposed in 1996. Over the past two decades, tremendous progress has been made in the nanopore field, and nanopore analysis has become a label-free and high-throughput method for probing bio- molecules and other analytes with single-molecule sensi- tivity, especially holds the promising for ＂third generation＂ DNA sequencing. However, challenges still remain in the experimental strategies and the design of whole nanopore-based instruments. Here, we proudly present a special topic dedicated to the topic of ＂Nanopore Analysis＂, with 8 reviews/articles providing up to date coverage of the experimental strategies, theoretical calcu- lations and simulations, and instrument design. Reviews and articles on the experimental strategies cover control of DNA partitioning into a nanopore, detection of target DNA, and the advantages of nanopore-based DNA sequencing. The theoretical calculations and simulations discuss the translocation behavior of DNA, and an inte- grated measurement system and data analysis software are presented for instrument design.     

Effects of climate change on biodiversity

1 Rise of studies on climate change＇s effects on biodiversity
Until the 1980s, climate change and biodiversity were studied as two independent disciplines for more than a century. In 1992, the Ecological Society of America＇s annual report named climate change, biodiversity, and the sustainable ecological system as the three major global environmental issues of the twenty-first century [1].     

Discussing the Expansive Learning in Modern Organizations

<正>1 Introduction Endeavours on learning methods have long occupied the mind spaces of scholars and there have been theories abound on how people learn and in what way organisations can use some of the knowledge gained in the art of learning to maximise human productivity.While the theories by themselves are not solutions to problems,they are steps of inquiry that provide us with interesting perspectives that we can use to extend our knowledge of the dimensions of learning.This paper is an exploratory work on the theories postulated by three notable scholars including Zimmerman     

利用GPS双频观测值实现PPP电离层延迟高阶项改正

给出了利用双频观测值计算L3组合电离层延迟高阶项改正的方法,并与全球电离层延迟文件的改正效果进行对比.利用赤道附近的15个国际全球卫星导航定位系统服务组织(IGS)站的数据进行比较,结果表明:2种方法计算的电离层二阶项延迟互差最大不超过1 cm,三阶项延迟互差最大不超过5 mm;电离层高阶项改正后的观测值精密单点定位(PPP)解算结果N、E、U方向互差平均值分别为0.4、0.5、1.0mm,因此2种改正方法效果在同一水平.     

关于有理混合吸引子的Ciric型非唯一不动点定理

本文我们应用有理混合吸引子条件去证明具非唯一不动点的映射Ciric型的若干不动点定理.结果推广并改进已知的一些结果.