体质量对雌雄孔雀鱼静止代谢率的影响

在 25℃ 下测定了 60 尾雌雄各半、不同大小的孔雀鱼( Poeciliareticulata )的静止代谢率( Restingmetabolicrate )。结果表明:雄性孔雀鱼(体质量范围为 0.16~1.15g )静止代谢率范围为 0.03~0.37mg · h-1 ;雌性孔雀鱼(体质量范围为 0.16~2.13g )静止代谢率的范为 0.03~0.44mg · h-1 。协方差分析表明,孔雀鱼体质量对静止代谢率有显著影响(p <0.05 ),性别对静止代谢率的影响不显著,性别和体质量对静止代谢率的影响无交互作用。孔雀鱼的个体静止代谢率( A )与体质量( M )的关系可表示为:ln A =0.858ln M -0.643 ( r2 =0.726 ,n =60 , p <0.05 )。结果提示,尽管孔雀鱼发育非常迅速,但代谢尺度指数仍在文献报道范围内,体质量与代谢率的关系并无特殊性;孔雀鱼的特定体质量静止代谢率高于文献报道的其他鱼类,这可能与该鱼世代周期短、进化速度快有关。
     

体质量及温度对大鳍鳠代谢的影响

2001年3月至2002年1月,以嘉陵江大鳍鳠(MystusmacropterusBleeker)作为实验材料,采用封闭式呼吸仪,分别在12·5℃,17·5℃,22·5℃,27·5℃和32·5℃水温条件下,测定了114尾鱼体(体质量13·0~400·4g)的代谢率.各体质量组的代谢率与温度之间均呈显著的双对数直线相关.协方差分析表明:各回归方程的温度指数(B)间差异显著,各水温条件下大鳍鳠代谢率与体质量均呈双对数直线相关;协方差分析表明,各回归方程的斜率(体质量指数b)之间差异不显著,截距a值差异极显著.回归分析表明,体质量和温度对大鳍鳠的代谢率交互作用不显著.并对代谢测定方法进行了讨论.     

花的生物学特性和人工繁殖初步研究

2001年6月～2003年5月在浙江海洋学院杭州苗种基地,进行了花(鱼骨)的池塘人工培育亲鱼试验,结果表明花(鱼骨)当年能够长到20～100g,第二年能长到150～250 g的商品鱼,二足龄后,性腺成熟,雌鱼性腺发育达第Ⅳ期,雄鱼性腺发育达第V期,怀卵量一般为3～10万粒/尾,可作为亲鱼进行人工繁殖.     

花(鱼骨)的生物学特性和人工繁殖初步研究

2001年6月～2003年5月在浙江海洋学院杭州苗种基地,进行了花(鱼骨)的池塘人工培育亲鱼试验,结果表明:花(鱼骨)当年能够长到20～100g,第二年能长到150～250 g的商品鱼,二足龄后,性腺成熟,雌鱼性腺发育达第Ⅳ期,雄鱼性腺发育达第V期,怀卵量一般为3～10万粒/尾,可作为亲鱼进行人工繁殖.     

花Hua的生物学特性和人工繁殖初步研究

2001年6月～2003年5月在浙江海洋学院杭州苗种基地，进行了花Hua的池塘人工培育亲鱼试验，结果表明：花Hua当年能够长到20～100g，第二年能长到150～250g的商品鱼，二足龄后，性腺成熟，雌鱼性腺发育达第Ⅳ期，雄鱼性腺发育达第Ⅴ期，怀卵量一般为3～10万粒／尾，可作为亲鱼进行人工繁殖。     

中华乌塘鳢血清性类固醇激素含量与性腺发育的关系及其季节变化

采用放射免疫法(RIA)测定了中华乌塘鳢(Bostrichthys sinensis)不同性腺发育期血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)和睾酮(T)的含量,并分析了其季节变化.结果表明,在雌鱼性腺发育过程中,Ⅱ期卵巢个体血清E2的含量最低,Ⅲ期卵巢个体E2的含量开始上升,Ⅳ期卵巢个体E2的含量达到高峰,Ⅴ期卵巢个体E2的含量极显著(p<0.01)下降.在雄鱼性腺发育过程中,Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期精巢个体血清E2的含量都比较低,Ⅳ期精巢个体E2的含量最高,Ⅴ期精巢个体E2的含量下降.雌鱼和雄鱼血清P和T的含量随性腺发育而上升,Ⅴ期卵巢和Ⅴ期精巢个体P和T的含量均达到峰值.雌鱼和雄鱼血清E2、P和T的含量均具有明显的季节变化,其高低均依次为6月>10月>3月>1月.     

人工养殖的大黄鱼性腺发育及性周期研究

本文描述了大黄鱼生殖细胞发生的形态特征及性腺发育规律。证实海区网箱养殖的大黄鱼可以达到性成熟。雌鱼完成第一次性周期需要3年,雄鱼则提早1年。每年4月中旬至6月,9月至10月均为大黄鱼繁殖期。雌鱼产后卵巢经恢复发育至第Ⅱ期进入越冬。翌年3—4月迅速经第Ⅲ期发育至第Ⅳ期。少部分雌鱼在秋季成熟,但都必须经人工诱导方可产卵。雄鱼精巢在大部分季节均能产生精子,越冬时发育亦处于第Ⅱ期。     

饥饿对尼罗罗非鱼体质量、静止代谢率和血液学指标的影响

【目的】探讨在饥饿胁迫条件下不同体质量尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）的耐饥性和静止代谢率变化。【方法】在（25±0.5） ℃条件下,对初始体质量分别为（202.50±5.24）、（62.89±3.82） g的大、小两种规格尼罗罗非鱼进行56 d饥饿耐受处理,定时测定它们的体质量、静止代谢率、主要血液学指标和肝体比。【结果】1） 当饥饿时间大于或等于14 d,大规格尼罗罗非鱼的体质量与饥饿处理开始时相比有统计学意义上的减少（p<0.05）;小规格尼罗罗非鱼体质量在整个饥饿处理期间由（62.89±3.82） g降至（51.10±3.57） g,但该变化无统计学意义。2） 在饥饿处理期间大规格尼罗罗非鱼静止代谢率最高时为（20.87±1.01） mg·h-1,最低时为（10.89±0.27） mg·h-1,下降了47.82%,两者差异具有统计学意义（p<0.05）;小规格尼罗罗非鱼的静止代谢率在整个饥饿处理期间下降了56.10%,从（8.11±0.38） mg·h-1降至（3.56±0.17） mg·h-1,两者差异具有统计学意义（p<0.05）。3） 大、小两种规格尼罗罗非鱼血液中红细胞数量和血红蛋白质量浓度均随着饥饿时间的延长而逐渐降低,且它们的这两个血液学指标在处理开始与处理结束时的差异均有统〖JP2〗计学意义（p<0.05）。4) 大、小两种规格尼罗罗非鱼的肝体比在饥饿56 d后均有较大程度的下降,小规格尼罗罗非鱼的肝体比下降程度更大。【结论】尼罗罗非鱼的耐饥性较强,且大规格尼罗罗非鱼比小规格尼罗罗非鱼有更强的饥饿耐受能力。     

不同性别和性腺发育阶段施氏鲟血清性类固醇激素含量变化

利用微创手术检查方法对7龄人工养殖施氏鲟的性别和性腺发育时期进行了鉴别,按照性别及卵子的颜色和大小,将施氏鲟分为雄性(M)、雌鱼Ⅱ期、Ⅲ-A期、Ⅲ-B期、Ⅳ-A期和Ⅳ-B期6个组.采用放射免疫法(RIA)测定了6组施氏鲟血清中睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)的含量.同时利用PIT标记亲鱼,跟踪检测T和E2含量的变化.结果显示,施氏鲟血清T含量雌雄差异明显,M组与雌鱼各发育期有显著性差异(P<0.05),而M组E2含量除与雌鱼Ⅱ期无显著性差异外(P>0.05),与其他时期均有极显著性差异(P<0.01).雌鱼血清中T含量Ⅱ期、Ⅲ-A期、Ⅲ-B期之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但与Ⅳ-A、Ⅳ-B有极显著性差异(P<0.01),且Ⅳ-A与Ⅳ-B之间有显著性差异(P<0.05).PIT标记亲鱼显示,随着雌鱼性腺的发育,T和E2含量均逐渐上升,产卵前达到最高.根据血清中T和E2含量,建立了施氏鲟性别判别和雌鱼性腺发育时期的判别函数,对性别和性腺发育时期的判别准确率为100%.     

体质量对雌雄孔雀鱼静止代谢率的影响

在25℃下测定了60尾雌雄各半、不同大小的孔雀鱼(Poecilia reticulata)的静止代谢率(Resting metabolic rate)。结果表明:雄性孔雀鱼(体质量范围为0.16~1.15g)静止代谢率范围为0.03~0.37 mg·h~(-1);雌性孔雀鱼(体质量范围为0.16~2.13g)静止代谢率的范围为0.03~0.44mg·h~(-1)。协方差分析表明,孔雀鱼体质量对静止代谢率有显著影响(p0.05),性别对静止代谢率的影响不显著,性别和体质量对静止代谢率的影响无交互作用。孔雀鱼的个体静止代谢率(A)与体质量(M)的关系可表示为:ln A=0.858ln M-0.643(r2=0.726,n=60,p0.05)。结果提示,尽管孔雀鱼发育非常迅速,但代谢尺度指数仍在文献报道范围内,体质量与代谢率的关系并无特殊性;孔雀鱼的特定体质量静止代谢率高于文献报道的其他鱼类,这可能与该鱼世代周期短、进化速度快有关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with