等温条件下气流运动的选择频率

气流脉动频率是描述气流特征的因素之一 ,同时也是影响人体热感觉的一项重要因素。该文通过对 10 6名受试者在 2 6～ 30 .5℃温度范围内 ,两种相对湿度条件下的选择频率的研究 ,探讨了频率对人体热感觉的影响作用。利用主观评价法 (投票法 )的试验 ,结果发现 ,环境温度和相对湿度对人体选择频率的作用不显著。在实验工况下 ,超过 80 %的受试者选择了 0 .3～ 0 .5 Hz范围内的气流脉动频率 ,选择频率的平均值为 0 .4Hz。随着频率的增加 ,人体感受到的吹风强度逐渐减小 ,存在“感觉风速”的现象。本研究和 Fanger的实验结果都证明 :频率在 0 .3～ 0 .5 Hz范围内的气流对人体产生的冷作用最强。     

室内人体移动过程对热舒适的影响研究

使用计算流体力学(CFD)技术,结合动网格技术和刚体运动学理论,对室内人体移动进行了动态模拟,得到了人体移动过程中不同时刻室内流场分布.分析了移动过程中的平均温度、平均速度、温度和速度不均匀性指标,并预测了有效吹风温度(TEDT)、空气分布特性指标(ADPI)和吹风感的不满意率指标(PD),比较了不同人体移动速度对以上指标的影响.模拟结果表明,人体移动对室内气流分布和热舒适有短期影响,能提高室内风速的扰动,造成吹风感.     

平行气流真菌孢子释放强度试验研究

真菌是室内环境中普遍存在的空气微生物污染物,可对人体产生许多危害.采用自行开发的平行气流真菌孢子释放强度测定装置(PAFST),测量了5种典型风速下,4种常见真菌孢子柑桔青霉(Penicillium citrinum)、扩张青霉(Penicillium expansum)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)和枝孢属(Cladosporium Spp.)在3种材料表面的释放强度.结果表明气流的作用形式是影响孢子释放强度的主要因素;在琼脂表面,风速0.9m/s时,柑桔青霉的释放强度为(7±9)个/cm2;枝孢属在风速4.7m/s时,释放强度为(50±35)个/cm2;在无纺布表面柑桔青霉和扩张青霉的最小释放气流速度是0.3m/s,黑曲霉是2.4m/s,枝孢属为9.4m/s;当达到孢子释放最大强度时,风速增加释放强度将不再增大.     

基于热舒适的层式通风脉动送风参数优化

脉动送风耦合层式通风,可以在保证良好能效和空气品质的前提下,进一步改善人体热舒适.建立和验证了脉动送风耦合层式通风的室内三维(CFD)模型,计算了26组工况.基于实验验证的动态热舒适评价指标,即时间平均预测平均投票(TAPMV)和时间平均吹风感(TAPD),分析了脉动送风参数(周期总时长、高速期与低速期时长之比、送风速度)对热舒适的影响.利用多目标优化TOPSIS方法可知,当周期总时长为300 s,高速期时长与低速期时长之比为1,高速期的送风速度为1.95 m/s,低速期的送风速度为1.05 m/s时,热舒适综合评价最优.     

居住区地下空间开发对室外热环境的影响

为了定量研究居住区地下空间开发对室外热环境的影响,选择居住区地下停车系统为研究对象,利用微气候模拟工具Envi-met,从地下空间开发规模角度分析未进行地下空间开发、部分开发地下空间和完全地下空间开发3套居住区规划方案的室外热环境指标(温度、风速、相对湿度)。研究显示:不同的地下空间开发规模对居住区室外热环境的改善程度不同,完全地下空间开发的室外热环境质量最好;相比未进行地下空间开发,部分地下空间开发的风速最高降低0.09m/s,空气温度最高降低0.5℃,相对湿度最高提高3%;完全地下空间开发风速最高降低0.33m/s,空气温度最高降低1.1℃,相对湿度最高提高5%。研究表明,通过地下空间开发可以改善居住区的生态环境,提高室外热环境质量。     

汽车外部流场和脉动压力模拟计算

为了解车辆在高速行驶时产生的气流噪声的规律,分析了产生气流噪声的机理,采用大涡模拟方法计算了某轿车模型的瞬态外流场和表面脉动压力,得到了表面脉动压力频谱特性、速度特性和分布特点.计算结果表明,汽车A 立柱后气流明显折转,在侧窗处产生气流分离区,分离区的漩涡不断生成和脱落,在侧窗玻璃上产生了压力波动,即形成了声学噪声源--脉动压力.车辆表面脉动压力在低频区较大,并随频率的增加而减小,在高频区较小,约与风速的4次方成正比,即风速每增加1倍,脉动压力级增加12 dB左右,计算结果与试验结果基本一致.     

家用热泵空调送风方式对热舒适性的影响

为研究家用热泵空调送风方式对热舒适性的影响,在人工环境实验室内测试了中送风、下送风和分布式送风的环境参数,并对15名受试者的热感觉和热舒适进行了问卷调查.实验结果表明:初始背景温度为0℃时,分布式送风可快速、均匀地提升人体各部位的空气温度,受试者的整体热感觉以及整体热舒适上升最快,受试者的热舒适性可得到显著改善;室内热环境稳定后,分布式送风温度均匀度最小为1.9℃,在送风区域内的受试者各部位感觉较暖,局部热感觉差异最小,且其他位置的受试者都不觉得冷;稳态局部热感觉与整体热舒适的拟合结果表明,足部热感觉对整体热舒适影响显著,下送风与分布式送风垂直温差小于3℃,在送风区域内,可以明显提升人体足部的热感觉,约75％的受试者对热环境表示满意.综合环境参数测试及问卷调查的结果,分布式送风热舒适性的综合效果最好.     

建筑环境气流紊动特性研究综述

气流紊动特性是影响建筑热环境和人体舒适性的重要因素之一。该文从气流紊动特性对人体热舒适的影响和气流紊动特性的物理结构两个方面总结了建筑气流紊动特性的研究进展,其中重点介绍了清华大学在此方面的研究成果。综述表明,气流紊动特性对热舒适的研究目前主要还集中在湍流度和脉动频率两个参数上;自然风和机械风的气流紊动特性有着明显区别和联系,其机理有待于进一步研究。     

低温环境暖风对改善人体舒适性的实验研究

为探索一种在低温环境中改善人体舒适性的局部供暖方式,于2011年1月在自然通风环境的实验室进行实验,共有62名受试者。设有3个实验工况,分别对受试者的颈部、腹部和小腿进行局部供暖风,实验持续30 min,受试者按照其主观感受填写调查问卷,包括人体热感觉、湿感觉、气流感、热环境可接受度等。研究结果表明:对局部供暖风可以改善人体的热感觉,但暖风带来的干燥感和过大的气流感可能引起人体对热环境不满意,并且还可能出现头晕恶心等不良反应,其中,对颈部和腹部送风会产生明显的不舒适感;而对小腿送风的负面影响小,可以作为一种改善人体舒适性的局部供暖方式。     

主动脉动气流分选机理及流场模拟

通过分析不同雷诺数流型下颗粒运动阻力系数的差异,考虑主动脉动气流流场中颗粒运动所受到的附加质量力作用,分别得出斯托克斯和牛顿2种流体的颗粒在主动脉动气流场运动的动力学方程.对直径和密度不同,但空气动力学特性相同的等沉球形颗粒,进行动力学方程的计算机数值模拟,并优化动力学模型参数.在此基础上,应用颗粒高速动态分析系统对示踪颗粒的运动规律进行分析,研究主动脉动气流分选优于传统气流分选的机理.研究结果表明,数值模拟与示踪颗粒的实验室分选试验结果具有很好的一致性,低密度颗粒速度幅值与均值相对误差小于8%,高密度颗粒速度幅值与均值相对误差小于5%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.