基于偏置矩阵的卫星遥感影像系统误差补偿

针对在求解卫星遥感影像偏置矩阵的过程中没有考虑偏置角的物理意义,采用理论分析和试验的方法,在分析偏置矩阵中三个角元素对地目标定位精度的影响后,提出了求解偏置矩阵角元素的方法。将求解的偏置矩阵用于国产资源二号卫星遥感影像的几何纠正,在无地面控制情况下,对地目标定位精度达到了实地上的152.338m,很好地补偿了影像上的系统误差,显著提高了直接利用卫星系统参数进行对地目标定位的精度,从而验证了所提出偏置矩阵求解方法的正确性以及用其补偿卫星遥感影像系统误差的可行性。     

基于Sentinel-1和Sentinel-2影像的洪泽湖国家湿地公园水生植被信息提取

【目的】探索利用光学遥感和雷达遥感数据进行湖泊湿地水生植被信息提取方法。【方法】以洪泽湖国家湿地公园为研究区,基于Sentinel-1的SAR影像和Sentinel-2的MSI影像,利用面向对象影像分析技术,结合EVSI、NDVI、SR特征指数和对象之间的上下文特征,以及挺水植被高度的差异所对应SAR影像上的后向散射系数,在对象级的基础上建立决策树模型对湿地水生植被进行分类,分析洪泽湖国家湿地公园水生植被以及挺水植被的分布状况。【结果】研究区水生植被类群分类精度为89%,Kappa系数为0.85;挺水植被种群分类精度为85.2%,Kappa系数为0.76。与基于像元分析方法的结果相比,面向对象的影像分析方法具有更高的精度;湿地水生植被以沉水植被和挺水植被为主,其中挺水植被中以荷叶和芦苇为主。【结论】本研究提出的湖泊湿地水生植被信息提取方法具可行性,可为湿地管理与决策提供科学依据。     

利用SAR相干点目标分析技术监测常州地面沉降

由于地下水开采和大量工程建设的影响,不少城市地面沉降问题突出.利用2011年至2013年间获取的41景TerraSAR-X高分辨率SAR数据,采用相干点目标分析技术对常州地表形变进行监测,获得了地面沉降速率图,并与水准测量结果进行了对比验证,达到了毫米级精度.研究结果显示,常州市武进地区存在几处明显的沉降,在2011-2013年间最大沉降速率达到28.7 mm/a,体现了IPTA技术在城市地面沉降监测中有很好的应用前景.     

某钻井水溶开采矿区地表形变D-In SAR监测精度分析

为了研究矿区地表形变以及沉降漏斗的生成机理、过程和趋势,获取沉陷发展规律,以及时采取有效措施进行生态重建,采用D-In SAR对某钻井水溶矿区进行了监测。选取某钻井水溶矿区地表2015-2017年Sentinel-1A影像构成2个干涉影像对,进行地表形变监测。在SAR Scape软件平台,针对D-In SAR干涉影像的基线误差、大气误差和地形误差等,通过干涉影像对配准、基线估计、滤波去噪和相位解缠,获取矿区地表形变图;借助ArcGIS空间分析工具和MATLAB软件,与水准测量数据进行叠加,分析沉陷区域的空间动态分布。然后进行D-In SAR形变数据和矿区水准沉降监测精度、相关性和误差源分析。研究结果表明,精细化D-In SAR监测与水准观测的形变趋势一致,达到了水溶矿山地表沉降体积的获取精度要求。     

TerraSAR-X数据沿轨干涉运动目标检测研究

为检验TerraSAR-X数据在地面运动目标检测(GMTI)应用中的潜力, 并验证基于SAR沿轨干涉图的幅度和相位联合统计特性以及恒虚警率的检测方法(ATI-CFAR)对TerraSAR-X数据的适用性, 利用TerraSAR-X卫星单发双收模式数据, 基于一种ATI-CFAR方法, 结合数据特点进行改进, 对北京北五环部分路段开展GMTI实验研究。结合地面同步实验进行验证分析, 结果表明: 1) TerraSAR-X数据能够应用于GMTI, 但干涉相位受干扰严重, 使用统计的方法确定ATI相位阈值易发生过度估计, 导致大量漏检; 2) 基于车速先验知识确定相位阈值, 利用图解法确定ATI幅度阈值, 能够有效地改善检测结果。本文方法检出率和正确率分别达到70%和87.5%, 证明了其对TerraSAR-X数据的适用性, 反映出 TerraSAR-X数据在GMTI应用中的潜力。     

结合序贯平差方法监测地表形变的InSAR时序分析技术

基于短重访周期SAR卫星影像, 对黄河三角洲地表形变进行高效和持续监测的SBAS-InSAR时序分析。首先对研究区已有的SAR影像集进行干涉处理, 得到干涉图, 并进行大气效应校正和轨道误差去除, 然后利用传统的SBAS (small baseline subset)方法获取地表形变。在此基础上, 当增加新的SAR数据时, 采取渐进式SBAS方法处理, 反演新时刻的地表形变。渐进式SBAS方法融合序贯平差的思想, 以已有的解算结果为基础, 结合新的观测数据进行增量解算, 可以达到整体解算的效果。相对于传统的SBAS方法, 每次增加新影像都要采用重新全部解算的方式, 能够减少冗余运算, 提高计算效率。实验证明, 基于2018年5月—2016年8月在黄河三角洲地区获取的 Sentinel-1 卫星SAR数据, 利用渐进式SBAS方法反演的地表形变与地表实测控制点结果相近, 相关系数(R)为0.82, 且与传统的SBAS方法反演得到的地表形变速率差异在1 mm/a内, 解算时间缩短约40%, 能够持续高效地监测地表形变。     

极化干涉合成孔径雷达技术发展与应用

极化干涉SAR技术是近年SAR遥感领域内的研究热点.本文首先概述了极化干涉SAR技术基本理论,并总结了目前极化干涉SAR技术的应用现状;然后在详细介绍国外ALOS-PALSAR、TerraSAR-X和RADARSAT-2三个典型星载极化SAR系统的基础上,分析了极化干涉SAR技术的应用前景.     

基于Sentinel-1A后向散射特性的高原山区地物分类探讨——以安顺市为例

探讨星载Sentinel-1A雷达数据在高原山区进行地物分类的可行性。以贵州省安顺市为研究区,NDVI数据为辅助数据,利用单极化多时相的SAR数据提取的后向散射特征Sigma σ值,建立符合研究区实际情况的专家树决策系统,进行地物分类和目标识别。结果表明:雷达数据的分类精度基本能够达到实际应用要求,特别是水域和建设用地在图像上解译标志明显,分类精度高于TM数据,分别达到90%和80%;植被和耕地精度低于TM数据,分别为70%和65%;但总体上TM数据的细节表现不如SAR数据。在分类工作时结合传统影像可以有效弥补高原山区气候和地形因素带来的不足,同时也能够促进雷达数据在此类高原山区的应用和推广。     

矿山变形监测中常规RTK精度提高方法研究

矿山变形监测是矿山安全开采与可持续发展的重要组成部分.基于GPS RTK技术,利用实地采集的观测数据,以静态相对定位结果作为参考,分析对中杆倾斜量对于RTK流动站水平和垂直点位精度的影响.研究结果表明,对中杆倾斜误差对RTK水平定位精度影响较大,但对垂直误差影响很小;采用三脚架模式,可获得毫米级的平面定位精度;而高程精度与点间高差相关性较大,只能达到厘米级的精度.     

高分辨率SAR影像监测高铁路基沉降的技术

为监测高铁路基沉降,保证高铁安全运行,以京津高铁为研究对象,利用TerraSAR-X高分辨率雷达影像,采用基于多种特性的综合探测法提取出稳定可靠的高相干点,基于提取的点目标利用时间序列DInSAR技术反演出京津高铁在SAR影像获取时间段的路基沉降,得到京津高铁沿线路基沉降分布图,分析了沉降分布特征和原因,并利用地面水准观测数据与反演结果进行对比,研究成果验证了时间序列DInSAR技术进行高铁路基形变监测的准确性和可靠性.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to