团球γ+(Fe,Mn)3C/γ自生复合材料强韧与耐磨机制

在研究团球γ (Fe,Mn)3C共晶体增强奥氏体钢基自生复合材料(EAMC)的力学与耐磨性能的基础上,分析了EAMC的强韧化及耐磨机理.结果表明,高硬度的团球共晶体与韧性奥氏体使EAMC具有优异的强韧性匹配;在低载工况下,共晶体在奥氏体基体的保护下可以有效阻碍亚表层中裂纹的扩展,加工硬化层中的硬度具有负梯度分布特征,从而减小EAMC磨损量;高载工况下共晶体在循环外力的作用下剥落,加重"三体"磨损,故EAMC耐磨性能随着共晶体的体积分数的增加而降低.     

电磁场作用下钢基自生复合材料C、Mn元素偏析及凝固组织

研究了电磁场对团球γ (Fe，Mn)3C共晶体增强奥氏体钢基自生复合材料(EAMC)中C、Mn元素的偏析及凝固组织的作用．结果表明，电磁场促进C、Mn元素的偏析；电磁场作用后，EAMC组织中的团球共晶体体积分数增加，在奥氏体基体中呈弥散分布；另外，在基体内出现内生的奥氏体晶粒，这是由于电磁搅拌作用下，初生奥氏体晶粒在发展过程中分枝断裂所致．运用电磁场理论与非平衡凝固理论分析了电磁场对EAMC组织影响的机制：电磁场作用的热与搅拌效应可以减小溶质的有效分凝系数keff,为初生奥氏体(γ-Fe)枝晶的充分分枝提供了时空条件以及热力学与动力学条件，有利于团球共晶体的生成与体积分数的增加．     

团球γ+(Fe,Mn)3C/γ钢基自生复合材料的磨损机理及临界载荷确定

利用MPX-2000型主轴盘销式磨损试验机和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了团球γ (Fe，Mn)3C共晶体增强奥氏体钢基自生复合材料(EAMC)在干摩擦磨损工况下的滑动磨损特征．试验表明，EAMC的磨损过程存在跑合与稳态磨损2个阶段，跑合阶段中主要发生奥氏体基体的强烈塑性变形与流动，稳态磨损阶段中的磨损机制主要为剥层磨损．团球共晶体作为主要的承载物体承受摩擦磨损作用，推迟位错集中区的形成和磨粒在对偶件上的积聚，能有效地减小EAMC磨屑的形成和脱落，降低EAMC的磨损量，提高EAMC向严重磨损转变的，临界载荷．修正了颗粒增强复合材料向严重磨损转变的临界载荷判据，采用该判据所确定的EAMC临界载荷与实验结果吻合．     

Si促进C、Mn枝晶偏析的价电子理论分析

利用固体与分子经验电子理论建立了团球γ-(Fe,Mn)3C共晶体增强奥氏体γ钢基自生复合材料(EAMC)初生奥氏体枝晶的价电子结构.在提出晶胞对溶质原子的"键约束因子"δi概念的基础上,结合元素平衡分配系数k0的统计物理定义,得出δi愈大,原子固相位垒QS愈大,则原子愈容易由固液界面向液相扩散,k0增大;反之,k0减小的观点.据此解释了Si促进EAMC凝固过程中C、Mn元素(k0<1)枝晶偏析的原因:Si的加入使EAMC初生奥氏体枝晶中δC、δMn较小的γ-Fe-C-Si与γ-Fe-C-Mn-Si晶胞的相对数量增加,δC、δMn较大的γ-Fe-C-Mn晶胞减少,降低了C、Mn元素的QS.     

应用JMatPro软件对比研究两种抽油杆钢的合金化特点

采用JMatPro软件对比研究了两种抽油杆钢不同温度下的平衡相及其成分.结果表明,与17Mn2SiCr钢相比,12MnSi2Cr钢铁素体、奥氏体相中将固溶更多的Cr,Mo,Si元素,而碳化物总量减少了30%,微合金元素Nb的加入提高了钢中M(C,N)碳化物的稳定性.在此基础上,对12MnSi2Cr抽油杆钢的高韧性进行了探讨.     

磁形状记忆合金Mn_2NiGa的第一性原理计算

Mn_2NiGa磁形状记忆合金立方奥氏体相因在室温下具有可逆马氏体相变,同时居里温度高达588 K,在高温下具有优异的磁热效应,因而在相应的学术领域和应用领域中具有重要的研究价值。掌握Mn_2NiGa磁形状记忆合金的原子占位、结构相变、磁性质和弹性常数是实现Mn_2NiGa合金磁形状记忆性能优化的关键。采用目前国际上较为先进的第一性原理精确Muffin-Tin轨道方法,系统计算研究了0 K下Mn_2NiGa合金立方奥氏体相与四方马氏体相的晶格结构参数、磁矩、弹性常数、电子结构及总能。研究结果表明,Mn_2NiGa合金立方奥氏体相具有Hg_2CuTi型晶格结构,而非传统Ni_2MnGa的L2_1结构;Mn原子是合金总磁矩的主要提供者,且2种Mn原子磁矩呈反平行排列;奥氏体相的剪切模量(C′=(C_(11)-C_(12))/2)小于0,因而低温下立方结构不稳定,可以发生由立方相到四方相的马氏体相变;根据Jahn-Teller效应,低温下四方相相对于立方相的稳定性,主要源于2种Mn和Ni原子分别与Ga原子的共价结合作用。上述理论结果有望为Mn_2NiGa合金性能的进一步优化提供理论指导。     

含铌TRIP钢连续退火后的组织性能及强化机理

在实验室模拟了含铌与无铌TRIP钢的连续退火工艺过程,通过金相显微技术(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、背散射电子衍射技术(EBSD)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉伸实验等检测手段研究了TRIP钢的组织性能,分析了TRIP钢中残余奥氏体稳定性的影响因素及强化机理.结果表明:在连续退火工艺条件下,Nb的存在细化了TRIP钢的微观组织,与未添加Nb的钢相比,添加Nb可以提高TRIP钢中残余奥氏体含量和残余奥氏体碳含量.含铌TRIP钢中残余奥氏体主要以团块状或薄膜状分布于铁素体与贝氏体晶界,极少部分以细小球状分布于铁素体晶内.含铌TRIP钢热轧后的主要析出物为Fe3C和(Nb,Ti)(C,N),退火后的主要析出物为(Nb,Ti)(C,N).细小含铌析出物的析出强化导致了随着退火温度的升高,屈服强度和抗拉强度升高.     

反应等离子熔覆(Cr,Fe)7C3/γ-Fe金属陶瓷复合材料涂层的耐磨性

以Fe-Cr-C合金粉末为原料,采用反应等离子熔覆技术,在45#钢表面制得以原位生成初生相(Cr,Fe)7C3为增强相的新型陶瓷复合材料涂层.利用SEM,XRD,EDS和显微硬度计等分析了涂层的显微组织和硬度,分别在室温干滑动磨损及高温滑动磨损条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性,并讨论了其磨损机理.结果表明,涂层组织包括(Cr,Fe)7C3增强相和γ-Fe固溶体与少量(Cr,Fe)7C3构成的共晶,该涂层在室温干滑动磨损和高温滑动磨损条件下均具有优异的耐磨性.     

Zr原子分数对Ti基非晶复合材料腐蚀性能的影响

采用磁悬浮熔炼水冷铜坩埚-负压铜模吸铸法制备了(Ti_0.5Ni_0.5－xZr_x)₈₀Cu₂₀(x=0、0.02、0.04、0.06)非晶复合材料,分析了各种合金试样的相组成,测试了合金试样在人工海水和模拟人体的PBS溶液中的极化曲线,观察了电化学反应后的腐蚀形貌,分析电化学腐蚀产物并进行表征.结果表明:几种合金的组织都是非晶基体与晶体相组成的复合材料,晶体相为B2-Ti(Ni, Cu)奥氏体相和B19’-Ti(Ni,Cu)马氏体相.与晶态TC4合金相比,合金在两种溶液中均具有较好的耐蚀性,且随着Zr元素原子分数的增加,合金的腐蚀抗性也不断增强;当x=0.06时,合金的耐腐蚀性能最为优异,其自腐蚀电位高,为－0.218 V,热力学倾向小不易腐蚀,自腐蚀电流密度较低,为0.912 μA·cm^－2,极化电阻大,为3.4 MΩ·cm²,腐蚀的动力学速率低,且在PBS溶液中合金具有更优异的耐蚀性,在腐蚀形貌中未发现明显的点蚀坑.     

Fe-Cr-Mn(W,V)合金中层错和fcc(γ)→hcp(ε)转变特征

利用TEM和X射线衍射仪对固溶态、固溶空冷态和固溶冰水淬火态亚稳奥氏体Fe-12Cr-10Mn(W,V)合金(84),以及固溶态、固溶+拉伸变形态稳定奥氏体Fe-13Cr-17Mn(W,V)合金(85N)中γ→ε转变与层错之间的关系进行了研究,并对影响γ→ε马氏体转变的合金元素进行了分析,提出了进一步提高合金相稳定性的措施。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Features of Women''s language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme