Properties of passive film formed on 316L / 2205 stainless steel by Mott-Schottky theory and constant current polarization method

Semiconductor properties of the passive films formed on 316L and 2205stainless steel were studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy （EIS） in the high-temperature acetic acid. The results showed that the corrosion resistance of 2205 was higher than that of 316L, and the passive films formed on 316L and 2205 stainless steel showed p-type and n-type semiconductor behavior, respectively. Destruction and self-repairing of passive films were studied by using the constant current polarization method. The results showed that for 316L, the self-repairing process would occur when the destruction was lower than the critical extent or it would not do; for 2205, the self-repairing process only happened in a short time when the destruction was in the same extent as 316L.     

316L和316LN不锈钢在高温高盐溶液中钝化膜的性能研究

利用电化学及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对316L与316LN两种不锈钢在高温高盐环境中的耐蚀性能进行了对比研究,利用Mott-Schottky曲线研究了两种材料的钝化膜半导体特征,借助X射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究了316LN不锈钢的钝化膜结构以及N元素在钝化膜中的分布状态。结果表明：在高温高盐环境中,两种材料形成的钝化膜都为n型半导体;316LN不锈钢形成的钝化膜耐点蚀性能更好,其钝化膜内缺陷浓度更低,N元素会在钝化膜中富集。最后利用点缺陷原理对316LN钝化膜的耐蚀机理进行了研究。     

氢对不锈钢钝化膜纳米力学性能的影响

利用电化学实验方法和纳米力学探针技术，通过测量载荷-位移关系曲线，研究了氢对不锈钢钝化膜纳米力学性能的影响，结果表明：随氢含量的增加，不锈钢钝化膜的临界破裂载荷降低，位移偏移量减小，氢导致钝化膜的径向抗拉强度(应力)和弹性模量降低，钝化膜随氢含量的增加而逐渐软化。     

Effects of chitosan inhibitor on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel

The effects of chitosan inhibitor on the corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel were studied by electrochemical measurements, immersion tests, and stereology microscopy. The influences of immersion time, temperature, and chitosan concentration on the corrosion inhibition performance of chitosan were investigated. The optimum parameters of water-soluble chitosan on the corrosion inhibition performance of 2205 duplex stainless steel were also determined. The water-soluble chitosan showed excellent corrosion inhibition performance on the 2205 duplex stainless steel. Polarization curves demonstrated that chitosan acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. When the stainless steel specimen was immersed in the 0.2 g/L chitosan solution for 4 h, a dense and uniform adsorption film covered the sample surface and the inhibition efficiency (IE) reached its maximum value. Moreover, temperature was found to strongly influence the corrosion inhibition of chitosan; the inhibition efficiency gradually decreased with increasing temperature. The 2205 duplex stainless steel specimen immersed in 0.4 g/L water-soluble chitosan at 30℃ displayed the best corrosion inhibition among the investigated specimens. Moreover, chitosan decreased the corrosion rate of the 2205 duplex stainless steel in an FeCl₃ solution.     

钝化预处理对316L不锈钢在漂液中电化学腐蚀性能的影响

采用电化学测试、SEM分析等方法,研究了316 L不锈钢在质量分数为30%的浓硝酸溶液及98%硫酸+20 g/L硝酸钾混合液两种钝化剂预处理后的特性,以及在ClO2漂液中的电化学抗腐蚀性能。结果表明,316 L不锈钢在25℃、30%硝酸介质中处理30 min时抗点蚀能力ΔE可达到773 mV,钝化效果较好。EIS图谱表明:316 L不锈钢在ClO2漂液中具有双容抗弧特征,钝化处理容抗弧半径较未钝化的增大,处理后的316 L不锈钢在60℃出现了Warburg阻抗;钝化膜的外层电阻和内层电阻均比未钝化的大。经钝化处理后的316 L不锈钢在ClO2漂液中的受腐蚀速率较未钝化的降低近一半,与钛材相比耐蚀性较差,但能在一定条件下起到减缓腐蚀的作用。     

渗钛合金层对316L不锈钢晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用等离子表面合金化技术在316L不锈钢表面进行渗钛处理,对渗层的结构及其晶间腐蚀性能进行了分析,结果表明,在温度为1000℃、保温时间为3.5h的渗钛条件下形成了表面改性合金层。在不锈钢10%草酸浸蚀试验中,316L不锈钢基体呈现七类凹坑组织Ⅱ晶间腐蚀;而渗钛合金层几乎没有发生晶间腐蚀,显著提高了316L不锈钢的耐晶间腐蚀性能。     

Investigation of the deterioration of passive films in H2S-containing solutions

The effect of H2S on the corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated using electrochemical methods by changing the gas condition from CO2 to H2S and then back to CO2. The presence of H2S showed an acceleration effect on the corrosion of 316L stain-less steel in comparison with CO2. The acceleration effect remained even after the complete removal of H2S by CO2, indicating that the pas-sive film was irreversibly damaged. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the passive film was composed of Cr2O3, Fe2O3, and FeS2 after being immersed in H2S-containing solutions. The semiconducting property of the passive film was then investigated by using the Mott–Schottky approach. The presence of sulfides resulted in higher acceptor and donor densities and thus was responsible for the deterioration of passive films.     

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels

Pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion behaviors of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels (HNSS) were investigated by electrochemical and immersion testing methods in chloride solution, respectively. The chemical constitution and composition in the depth of passive films formed on HNSS were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). HNSS has excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance compared to 316L stainless steel. With increasing the nitrogen content in steels, pitting potentials and critical pitting temperature (CPT) increase, and the maximum, average pit depths and average weight loss decrease. The CPT of HNSS is correlated with the alloying element content through the measure of alloying for resistance to corrosion (MARC). The MARC can be expressed as an equation of CPT=2.55MARC-29. XPS results show that HNSS exhibiting excellent corrosion resistance is attributed to the enrichment of nitrogen on the surface of passive films, which forms ammonium ions increasing the local pH value and facilitating repassivation, and the synergistic effects of molybdenum and nitrogen.     

304和316L不锈钢的高温电化学腐蚀行为

通过模拟压水堆一回路水环境,研究了溶液温度和溶氧量(DO)对304和316L不锈钢高温电化学腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:随着溶液温度升高,在304和316L不锈钢表面所形成的氧化膜的保护性能降低;随着DO升高,304和316L不锈钢的自腐蚀电位升高,自腐蚀电流密度降低,钝化区缩小;304和316L不锈钢表面形成了双层氧化膜,外层氧化膜颗粒尺寸和颗粒间隙随着温度的升高而增大,随着DO增加而减小;在所用实验条件下,316L不锈钢表现出比304更优异的抗腐蚀性能.     

Investigation of the deterioration of passive films in H<Subscript>2</Subscript>S-containing solutions

The effect of H₂S on the corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated using electrochemical methods by changing the gas condition from CO₂ to H₂S and then back to CO₂. The presence of H₂S showed an acceleration effect on the corrosion of 316L stainless steel in comparison with CO₂. The acceleration effect remained even after the complete removal of H₂S by CO₂, indicating that the passive film was irreversibly damaged. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated that the passive film was composed of Cr₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, and FeS₂ after being immersed in H₂S-containing solutions. The semiconducting property of the passive film was then investigated by using the Mott-Schottky approach. The presence of sulfides resulted in higher acceptor and donor densities and thus was responsible for the deterioration of passive films.     

液固流动相中不锈钢耐颗粒冲刷腐蚀性能研究

采用自制的旋转冲刷腐蚀失重装置，研究了湿法磷酸中固体颗粒的性质，如固含量，粒径等环境参数对不锈钢316L和904L冲刷腐蚀速率的影响，并在扫描电镜下观察了不锈钢腐蚀的形貌，试验结果表明，CaSO4结晶颗粒固含量质量分数由10％增加到50％时，冲刷腐蚀速率有所增大，316L不锈钢主要以腐蚀为主，且表现为晶间腐蚀，当浆体中含有SiO2固体颗粒时，液相腐蚀性得到降低，虽然不锈钢904L耐液相腐蚀性能优良，但耐冲刷（磨损）性能较差，尤其当SiO2粒径增大时，冲刷腐蚀速率明显增大。     

316L不锈钢动态再结晶行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上, 通过高温压缩实验对316L不锈钢的动态再结晶行为进行了系统研究. 结果表明:316L不锈钢热变形加工硬化倾向性较大, 在真应力应变曲线上没有出现明显的应力峰值σ_p;316L不锈钢在热变形过程中发生了动态再结晶, 但只是在局部区域观察到了动态再结晶晶粒. 对动态再结晶的实验数据进行拟合, 得到316L不锈钢的热激活能和热变形方程, 并给出了发生动态再结晶的临界应变和临界应力以及Zener-Hollomon参数和稳态应力的关系.     

AISI316L奥氏体不锈钢在摸拟人体组织液中腐蚀疲劳裂纹萌生的初步研究

AISI316L奥氏体不锈钢是较常用的金属植入材料之一.但在临床应用中,由它制成的植入物特别是全髋关节,常因腐蚀疲劳破断而失效.本文对316L不锈钢在Hank’s溶液中的腐蚀疲劳裂纹萌生机理进行了初步研究.结果发现,在Hank’s溶液中,自然钝化的316L不锈钢在稳定钝化态下,裂纹的萌生是由交变应力引起的微观塑性变形和Hank’s溶液交互作用的结果;在有点蚀产生的非钝化态下,裂纹的萌生是点蚀和腐蚀疲劳相叠加的结果.316L不锈钢经离子氮化表面处理后,提高了在Hank’s溶液中的抗点蚀能力,但在外加腐蚀电位的苛刻条件下,困氮化层发生晶间腐蚀和脱落而加速了裂纹的萌生     

含氮316L不锈钢氮合金化工艺研究

在常压和真空条件下研究了温度与氮分压对316L不锈钢中氮溶解度的影响,钢中氮的溶解度随着温度的降低而升高,随着氮分压的增大而增大.建立了316L不锈钢氮溶解度热力学计算模型,不同吹氮条件下氮溶解度实测值与热力学模型计算值较吻合.在1773～1873K条件下,生产控氮型316L不锈钢,氮分压要控制在6～28kPa以上;生产中氮型316L不锈钢,氮分压要控制在22～101kPa以上.常压下吹氮10min,钢液含氮量即可超过0.10%.     

316L不锈钢应力腐蚀研究进展

316L不锈钢具备良好的力学性能、焊接性能、耐蚀性能，被广泛应用于化工管道、船舶及核电等领域。因其应用环境复杂，316L不锈钢在特定介质环境和拉应力的协同作用下，易发生应力腐蚀开裂，导致严重事故。概述了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀裂纹萌生及扩展的规律，总结了其应力腐蚀的阳极溶解和氢致开裂两种微观主导机制的特点。在此基础上，针对介质环境、材料、表面应力状态3个影响因素，综述了近年来通过调节介质环境的pH、溶液浓度、引入压应力、优化微观结构及涂层工艺等方面，改善316L不锈钢应力腐蚀性能的研究进展。最后，基于316L不锈钢面临的应力腐蚀问题，从应力腐蚀机制和防护措施两方面展望了316L不锈钢应力腐蚀的研究热点和方向。     

工艺参数对选区激光熔化成型316L不锈钢组织结构的影响

选区激光熔化技术(selective laser melting,SLM)在制造高精度复杂零件方面具有很大的优势,这种零件加工方法具有节省材料、低成本和高速度的优点,在机械零件制造、生物医学和发电机制造领域具有广阔的发展前景。为研究不同工艺参数对选区激光熔化成型的316L不锈钢组织结构的影响,通过选择性熔化成型技术制备316L不锈钢材料,分析不同成型方向的晶体结构和工艺参数对材料组织结构的影响,研究不同激光功率和扫描速度下不锈钢结构的变化。结果表明:垂直扫描方向且平行于沉积方向的平面晶体为鱼鳞状,扫描平面晶体为柱状晶且连续外延生长;激光功率和扫描速度的变化将对试样的组织结构产生相应的影响,激光功率偏小会使试样表面产生明显的孔洞现象,激光功率偏大试样表面会在孔洞的基础上产生"球化";扫描速度过小试样表面产生"球化",扫描速度过大则会使试样致密度变小,产生裂纹和孔洞。因此,由激光熔化技术制作的316L不锈钢金属试样需要选择适当的激光功率和扫描速度才能有效减少球化和孔洞的产生。     

Martensite transformation induced by deformation and its phase electrochemical behavior for stainless steels AISI 304 and 316L

The martensite transformation induced by tensile elongation and its effect on the behavior of phase electrochemistry of AISI 304 and 316L in 3.5% NaCl solution were studied. The results show that the content of α'-martensite in stainless steel 304 increases with the true strain. As α'-martensite content increased, free corrosion potential and pitting potential of stainless steel 304 in 3.5% NaCl solution appeared the change trend of a minimum. It was also found that pitting nucleated preferentially at the phase interfaces between martensite and austenite. There existed apparent difference between electrochemical properties of austenite and of martensite for stainless steel 304 and 316L in 3.5% NaCl solution.     

Study on the passive film formed on 2205 stainless steel in acetic acid by AAS and XPS

The properties of the passive film formed on 2205 stainless steel in acetic acid at high temperature that contained chloride ions were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical polarization measurements. AAS results show that molybdenum is enriched on the surface as the passive film is dissolved. This enrichment decreases the corrosion resistance because it hinders chloride adsorption and Fe ion dissolution, and acts as a local pH buffer because it consumes protons. The dissolution ratio of Fe/Cr is approximately 10 during the active dissolution of the passive film. XPS results indicate that when the potential is in the passivation region, Cr comprises about 50% of the metal cations in the near-surface region of the passive film and is the main metal constituent in this region. When the polarization potential is much greater than the transpassivation potential, the Mo content accounts for approximately 45% of the metal cations in the nearurface region; Fe and Ni have no obvious influence on the formation, dissolution, or puncture of the passive film.     

Study on pitting process of 316L stainless steel by means of staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

Pitting corrosion of 316L stainless steel in NaCl solution was investigated by means of staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (SPEIS). The investigation focused on the transition of stainless steel from the passive state to pitting corrosion. Based on the evolution of electrical parameters of the equivalent electrical circuit, it is suggested that the most probable mechanism of pit creation is the film breaking model. The result demonstrates that staircase potential electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is an effective method for the investigation of pitting corrosion.     

新的非比例加载低周疲劳寿命估算方法

利用对 316L不锈钢多轴非比例加载低周疲劳的试验结果 ,对现有的多轴低周疲劳寿命估算方法进行了讨论 ,基于 316L不锈钢非比例加载低周疲劳的微观机理 ,选择最大剪应变以及应变路径的非比例度作为损伤参量 ,建立了基于临界面方法的新的非比例加载低周疲劳寿命估算公式 ,利用新的非比例加载低周疲劳寿命估算公式对寿命的预测结果表明 :新的寿命估算公式对剪切型破坏的 316L与 316LN不锈钢及拉伸型破坏的 30 4不锈钢非比例加载低周疲劳寿命预言能力比现有的临界面方法精确 .