Synthesis of nanoporous silica with interior composite cells with synthetic block copolypeptide as template

IN NATURE,PROTEIN AND POLYSACCHARIDE ARE INVOLVED IN THE FORMATION OF A REMARKABLE DIVERSITY OF EXQUISITE NANOSTRUCTURED SILICATES IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS SUCH AS DIATOMS AND SPONGES.THE SILAFFIN[1]AND SILICATEIN[2]ISOLATED FROM MARINE DIATOMS AND SPONGES C…     

Study of CH4 and CO oxidation from electrochemical method

THE TWO FACTORS USED FOR EVALUATING THE QUALITY OF CATALYST ARE I) THE AMOUNT OF ACTIVE SITE PARTICIPATING IN THE REACTION, I.E. THE AREA OF REDOX PEAKS; AND II) THE REGENERATION FREQUENCY OF ACTIVE SITE IN THE REACTION, I.E. THE MATCH OF REDOX POTENTIALS. THE CONTRIBUTION OF EACH FACTOR HAS ITS OWN STRONG POINT IN DIFFERENT REACTIONS, WHILE CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY (CV) IS A SUITA…     

High resolution linkage disequilibrium and haplotype maps for the genes in the centromeric region of chromosome 15 in Tibetans and comparisons with Han population

WITH THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE HUMAN GE- NOME PROJECT, ONE OF THE SCIENTIFIC MILESTONES, GENETIC VARIATIONS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL IMPLICATIONS, HAVE BE- COME ONE OF THE FOCUSES IN GENOME RESEARCH. IT HAS BEEN KNOWN THAT GENETIC VARIATIONS, TOGETHER WITH ENVI- RONMENT, ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DIFFERENCES IN COMPLEX TRAITS IN INDIVIDUALS: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS, DISE…     

Synthesis of novel organophosphorus C60 dimers

DUE TO THEIR OUTSTANDING PHYSICAL AND CHEMICALPROPERTIES,FULLERENE DIMERS HAVE PROVEN TO BE ATTRACTIVENANO-SCALE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN VARIOUS FIELDS SUCH ASNONLINEAR OPTICS,ORGANIC MATERIALS,BIOLOGY AND MEDI-CINE[1].AMONG THE FULLERENE DIMERS THAT HAVE BE…     

Stability of alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai- Tibetan Plateau

THE QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND REGIONAL MONSOON CLIMATE, WHICH HAS GREAT INFLUENCE ON THE REGIONAL AND GLOBAL CLIMATE. THUS, THE CHANGE OF THE QINGHAI-TIBETAN PLATEAU ECOSYSTEM IS EXPECTED TO AFFECT …     

Duplication and divergent evolution of the CHS and CHS-like genes in the chalcone synthase （CHS） superfamily

CHALCONE SYNTHASE (CHS) IS A KEY ENZYME OF FLA- VONOID BIOSYNTHESIS. IT CATALYSES THE CONDENSATION OF THREE MOLECULES OF MALONYL-COA WITH ONE MOLECULE OF 4-COUMAROYL-COA TO FORM NARINGENIN CHALCONE, THE PRECURSOR FOR A LARGE NUMBER OF FLAVONOIDS WHICH ARE WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN THE PLANT KINGDOM AND HAVE IM- PORTANT ROLES IN FLOWER PIGMENTATION, PROTECTION AGAINST UV LIGHT A…     

Influences of marine floor hydrothermal activity on organic matter abundance in marine carbonate rocks——A case study of middle-upper Proterozoic in the northern part of North China

FOR A LONG TIME, RESEARCHERS HAVE BEEN REGARDING THE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY, THE SEDIMENTATION RATE, THE DEPOSITION ENVIRONMENT, AND THE PRESERVATION CONDITION OF THE DEPOSITIONAL ORGANIC MATTER AS THE CONTROLLING FACTORS OF ORGANIC MATTER ABUNDANCE IN T…     

A multiscale soil loss evaluation index

IMPROPER LAND USE BY MANKIND IS ONE OF THE MAIN CAUSES OF SOIL EROSION[1].THROUGH CHANGING VEGETATIVE COVER,SOIL PROPERTY AND RUNOFF VELOCITY,LAND USE AFFECTS THE OCCURRENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOIL EROSION[2―5].AS SCALE CHANGES,NOTABLE CHANGES WILL OCCUR IN THE INTER-ACTIVE MECHANISMS BETWEEN LAND USE AND SOIL EROSION.CURRENTLY,RESEARCH ON LAND USE AND SOIL EROSION IS CHAN…     

Interpreting grain-size trends associated with bedload transport on the intertidal flats at Dafeng, central Jiangsu coast

IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT, IT IS OFTEN DIFFICULT TO IDENTIFY THE NET SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PATHWAY BECAUSE OF THE COMPLICATED HYDRODYNAMICS AND SEDIMENT SOURCES. GAO AND COLLINS HAVE RE-EXAMINED A 1-D MODEL ORIGI- NALLY DERIVED BY MCLAREN AND BOWLES AND DEVE…     

River discharge changes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU IS SENSITIVE TO GLOBAL CLI- MATE CHANGES, AND ITS MEAN WARMING AMPLITUDE DURING THE PAST 50 YEARS IS GREATER THAN THAT OF THE NORTHERNHEMISPHERE AND OTHER REGIONS IN THE SAME LATITUDE[1,2]. DUE TO ITS SPECIFIC GEOMORPHIC CONDITIO…     

Attentional modulation of motion-induced blindness

When a global moving pattern is superimposed on high-contrast stationary or slowly moving stimuli, the stimuli can be perceived as disappearing and reappearing alternately for periods of several sec- onds.This visual illusory phenomenon was named“motion-induced blindness”(MIB)in recent litera- ture.So far there is no consensus on the mechanism of MIB,especially on the role of attention in this phenomenon.To examine the effect of spatial attention on MIB,the present study manipulated the participants’spatial attention by asking them to respond to two targets simultaneously presented in bilateral visual fields(the divided-attention condition)or only respond to one of them(the fo- cused-attention condition).A central arrow was presented as an endogenous cue to index the target visual field in the focused-attention condition,while a point was presented instead in the di- vided-attention condition.The results show that the percentage of accumulated invisibility period was larger for the targets in the focused-attention condition than for those in the divided-attention condition. This effect of attention is significant in upper visual field(UVF)and left lower visual field(left LVF);that is,this effect shows a hemispheric asymmetry in LVF but not in UVF.Furthermore,the percentage of accumulated invisibility period was larger for targets in left LVF than for those in right LVF in the fo- cused-attention condition,but no hemispheric asymmetry was found in the divided-attention condition. In addition,the increased percentage of accumulated invisibility period in the focused-attention condi- tion originated merely in the enhancement of the mean phase duration of disappearance in LVF,while the disappearance occurred more frequently and lasted longer for each occurrence,which led to an increase in the total invisibility period,in the focused-than divided-attention condition in UVF.These results suggest that the modulation of spatial attention on MIB has different patterns in UVF and LVF.     

Brain dynamic mechanisms on the visual attention scale with Chinese characters cues

The temporal dynamics in brain evoked by the scale of visual attention with the cues of Chinese characters were studied by recording event-related potentials (ERPs). With the fixed orientation of visual attention, 14 healthy young participants performed a search task in which the search array was preceded by Chinese characters cues, “大, 中, 小” (large, medium, small). 128 channels scalp ERPs were recorded to study the role of visual attention scale played in the visual spatial attention. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the ERP components evoked by the three Chinese characters cues except the inferoposterior N2 latency. The targets evoked P2, N2 amplitudes and latency have significant differences with the different cues of large, middle and small, while P1 and N1 components had no significant difference. The results suggested that the processing of scale of visual attention was mainly concerned with P2, N2 components, while the P1, N1 components were mainly related with the processing of visual orientation information.     

Early scale effect and hemisphere superiority on the visual spatial attention: From the electrophysiological evidence of ERP

The visual attention mechanism in the brain was studied among 16 young subjects through the precue-target visual search paradigm using the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique, with the attentive ranges cued with different scales of Chinese words. The results showed that the response time was shortened as the cue scale was reduced, while the amplitudes of the P1 and N1 components of the ERPs increased. These results not only provided the electrophysiological evidence supporting the spotlight theory, but also indicated that the spotlight effect occurred during the early period of the selected attention. Two kinds of separation in the P2 effect were observed. One separation was between the P1 effect and P2 effect, which meant that additional computation was needed when the spatial scale of attention was enlarged; the other was between the left and right hemisphere of the P2 effect, which indicates that the attentive processing of the cue range mainly occurred in the left hemisphere.     

An ERP study for the degrees of the difficulty in visual search

The present study mainly probed the relationships between ERP components and the degrees of difficulty in visual search. Three experimental and one controlled conditions were randomly selected. Results showed that the P1, N1, and P2 amplitudes and latencies had no significant differences among the three experimental and one controlled conditions, and the ERP waveforms of low perceptual load of visual search were different from that of high perceptual load. These results might indicate that the latencies and amplitudes of initial P1, N1 and P2 in high and low perceptual load conditions were almost the same. The ERP waveforms of parallel search were very different from that of serial search, and the ERP waveforms of serial search were very similar. The P3 amplitudes increased as the degrees of the difficulty in visual search decreased.     

An ERP study for the degrees of the difficulty in visual search

The present study mainly probed the relationships between ERP components and the degrees of difficulty in visual search. Three experimental and one controlled conditions were randomly selected. Results showed that the P1, N1, and P2 amplitudes and latencies had no significant differences among the three experimental and one controlled conditions, and the ERP waveforms of low perceptual load of visual search were different from that of high perceptual load. These results might indicate that the latencies and amplitudes of initial P1, N1 and P2 in high and low perceptual load conditions were almost the same. The ERP waveforms of parallel search were very different from that of serial search, and the ERP waveforms of serial search were very similar. The P3 amplitudes increased as the degrees of the difficulty in visual search decreased.     

正常组儿童（4岁～8岁）多导程图形视觉诱发电位的研究

应用ＭＶＴＩＩＩ型１６ 导视觉诱发电位仪和相应的软件包,全视野检测了１００ 名年龄在４ 岁～８ 岁之间视功能正常儿童５ 个空间频率下单眼,以及３ 个空间频率下双眼的１４ 导ＰＶＥＰ,得到该年龄段视功能正常儿童后八导ＰＶＥＰ的Ｎ１、Ｐ１、Ｎ２ 的潜伏期随空间频率增加而增加．左右眼ＰＶＥＰ的有关参数值无显著区别;女性儿童ＰＶＥＰ的振幅略高于男性,潜伏期略短于男性．ＰＶＥＰ电位地形图基本呈左右对称分布．     

感受野视觉特征整合模型及应用

 采用基本ICA模拟视觉感知机制对自然图像分解得到的图像基函数在空间排列上是混乱的,这与视觉生理机制相互矛盾.模拟视皮层感受野间的信息整合机制,建立了新的计算模型.针对基于内容的图像故障区域检测问题,提出了相应的高效率少样本检测算法. 首先,以列车正常和故障图像序列作为训练数据,利用拓扑ICA方法学习图像基函数,由此得到的独立分量系数作为神经元响应,然后模拟同步振荡机制选择响应强烈的神经元,输出其对应的内容,最后通过自动对比实现图像故障区域的快速定位.实验结果表明,与传统方法相比较,引入视觉信息整合机制的新模型及其算法能够提高故障检测率.     

扩大篮球运动员视野的实验研究

篮球运动员视野大小直接关系到其运用篮球技术、战术的合理性与有效性。文章采用对照实验法,通过对对照组不施加任何实验因素,对三个实验组分别施加不同的实验因素,探求扩大篮球运动员视野的可能性及其程度。结果表明:篮球运动员的视野不是一成不变而是可以扩大的;采用多种手段比单一手段能更有效地扩大篮球运动员的视野。     

The role of different cues in the brain mechanism on visual spatial attention

The visual spatial attention mechanism in the brain was studied in 16 young subjects through the visual search paradigm of precue-target by the event-related potential (ERP) technique, with the attentive ranges cued by different scales of Chinese character and region cues. The results showed that the response time for Chinese character cues was much longer than that for region cues especially for small region cues. With the exterior interferences, the target stimuli recognition under region cues was much quicker than that under Chinese character cues. Compared with that under region cues, targets under Chinese character cues could lead to increase of the posterior P1, decrease of the N1 and increase of the P2. It should also be noted that the differences between region cues and Chinese character cues were affected by the interference types. Under exterior interferences, no significant difference was found between region cues and Chinese character cues; however, it was not the case under the interior interferences. Considering the difference between the exterior interferences and the interior interferences, we could conclude that with the increase of difficulty in target recognition there was obvious difference in the consumption of anterior frontal resources by target stimuli under the two kinds of cues.     

内隐还是外显记忆: 对女性面孔吸引力记忆偏好的ERP研究

运用事件相关电位(ERPs)技术, 采用学习-再认的实验范式, 考察38名大学生(21名男生和17名女生)对女性面孔吸引力再认记忆的认知神经机制。结果发现大学生对女性面孔吸引力的记忆偏好存在性别差异, 再认任务中有吸引力的女性面孔诱发了男性更负的早期ERP成分(N90, N220和N300), 而对女性的效应并不显著。这可能与两性在遗传基因、性激素、大脑结构与功能上的不同有关。进一步对男性的记忆特点进行分析发现, 内隐记忆效应在N80和LPC(300~600 ms)上表现显著, 其最强效应出现在中央区和顶区; 外显记忆效应在P170和LPC(400~600 ms)上表现显著, 其最强效应出现在前额区和额区。表明男性对有吸引力女性面孔的记忆偏好效应更大, 且内隐和外显记忆的脑机制在单一的再认任务中产生了分离。