基于GPS资料研究中国区域电离层TEC的周日变化、半年度及冬季异常现象

利用球谐函数模型和2000-2002年间中国地壳运动观测网络基准站双频GPS P码观测数据,计算了中国区域电离层电子总含量(total electron content,TEC)年变化时间序列值,并着重以2001年计算结果为例,研究了中国区域电离层的周日平均变化特性和"半年度异常"(即电离层TEC值在春秋出现峰值,冬夏出现谷值)、"冬季异常"(即冬季日间的TEC值高于夏季日间的TEC值)现象.     

电离层对耀斑响应的GPS观测研究

利用1997～1999年全球日地电离层观测卫星的耀斑观测资料以及全球定位系统(GPS)网的观测资料,对不同级别耀斑爆发期间的电离层总电子含量(TEC)随时间的变化特点、TEC增幅及其与X射线最大辐射通量之间的关系进行了研究.利用缓变型耀斑爆发期间的GPS观测数据,分析了电离层对此类耀斑的响应特点.     

电离层对耀斑响应的GPS观察研究

利用1997－1999年全球日地电离层观测卫星的耀斑观测资料以及全球定位系统（GPS）网的观测资料，对不同级别耀斑爆发期间的电离层总电子含量（TEC）随时间的变化特点,TEC增幅及其与X射线最大辐射通量之间的关系进行了研究，利用缓变型耀斑爆发期间的GPS观测数据，分析了电离层对此类耀斑的响应特点。     

利用CORS进行格网化电离层TEC实时监测

为了实现对区域电离层的实时监测,利用连续运行参考站观测到的双频GPS数据提取电离层总电子含量(TEC)信息.根据卫星和接收机硬件延迟在一定时间内比较稳定的特点,利用前一天计算的硬件延迟值来修正当日卫星传播路径上的总电子含量值,从而获得实时的电离层总电子含量.由此建立单历元多站多项式模型,结果表明:当基站间距离平均约为250 km时,由7个基站共同建立的实时模型内外符合精度平均优于0.8 TECU(1TECU=1016电子数/m2),将实时模型计算的电离层延迟改正信息应用于静态单频PPP定位中,点位精度能够达到0.3~0.4m,与不进行电离层延迟改正的单频PPP定位结果相比提高80%左右.因此,进一步结合格网技术,可以实现区域电离层总电子含量的实时监测.     

WASS电离层网格算法在低纬地区的误差分析

对不同纬度的8个GPS观测台站得到的数据,采用广域增强系统(WASS)电离层网格算法计算了斜向电离层时延,并将计算结果同实际观测值之间的差别进行了统计分析.结果表明:在中高纬地区,WASS电离层网格算法的精度很高,但是在纬度较低的地区存在着较大的误差,产生这种误差的原因是由于低纬电离层中的电子浓度较大并且存在较大的经向梯度变化.为了减少这种误差,可以在低纬地区增加广域基准站的数量、缩小电离层单元网格的尺度等方法.     

我国中纬地区电离层总电子含量的一个经验模式

由新乡１９８１－１９８５年观测日本同步卫星ＥＴＳ－Ⅱ的总电子含量资料，利用付里叶分析方法得出了表示我国中纬地区上空电离层总电子含量的经验模式，ＴＥＣ模拟与观测资料的比较表明其误差范围在５％－２０％之间变化。     

低纬电离层闪烁对GPS观测值及其导航定位的影响

电离层闪烁对全球定位系统(GPS)的影响已经被认为是GPS现代化后面临的主要问题.利用低纬地区电离层闪烁监测接收机(18.34°N, 109.62°E)在2012-08-01～31的GPS闪烁数据和观测数据,开展了电离层闪烁对GPS观测值及单点定位的影响研究.研究结果表明,电离层闪烁可以导致GPS卫星信号发生衰减,最大衰减幅度达20 dB-Hz;相比于GPS L1观测值,电离层闪烁对GPS L2影响更大;电离层闪烁可导致周跳的发生,统计表明,每100个强电离层闪烁事件(S_40.5)可以导致21个周跳发生,而100个弱电离层闪烁事件(0.2S_4≤0.5)仅导致6个周跳发生;强电离层闪烁环境下,卫星信号会遭遇失锁现象,从而破坏卫星几何分布结构,导致GPS导航定位性能降低;相比正常的电离层环境,电离层闪烁活跃环境下的GPS单点定位精度降低了23%.     

利用IGS的GPS资料确定全球电离层TEC的初步结果与分析

尝试利用球谐函数模型和2000年7月15日139个IGS(International GPS Service)站的双频GPS观测数据计算了全球电离层电子总合量(total electron content TEC),给出了基本方法和初步结果;分析和讨论了目前利用GPS资料确定全球电离层TEC形态所存在的困难和需进一步解决的问题;对这项工作的深入研究提出了若干建议.     

利用GPS方法对1998-11-22太阳耀斑引起的电离层TEC变化的观测研究

利用GPS伪距+载波相位联合数据处理方法具体分析了1998-11-22耀斑爆发期间北京、上海、武汉、西安GPS观测数据得到的电离层TEC。此次耀斑爆发引起了设在北京的高频多普勒长达15min左右的无线电短波中断。通过对GPS得到的电离层TEC进行分析发现： 此次耀斑造成了大面积的电离层TEC的增加,耀斑爆发引起的最大TEC增幅在1.25个TEC单位左右;利用高精度的GPS数据处理方法可研究耀斑引起的电离层扰动。另外,还分析了由GPS计算的TEC的时空变化特点。     

震前电离层扰动研究进展及汶川地震前电离层变化

介绍了近年来国内外对震前电离层异常扰动研究进展,大量新的观测证据显示,地震活动前的电离层扰动确实存在,而且在震级大于5级的地震发生前几天到几个小时内的孕震区上空会发生显著电离层扰动。针对2008年5月12日发生的里氏8.0级汶川大地震事件,通过利用漠河、北京、武汉和三亚的地基GPS测量获得的垂直电子总含量(VTEC)数据,北京地面测高仪测量的F_2层临界频率和Es临界频率等参量,考察中国上空电离层在地震前的变化情况,发现地震前1～6 d中,5月6-7,10-11日,白天电子浓度比5月1-5日的值偏低。但f_0E_s增强。5月9日日落后中低纬电子浓度出现异常增强,而这段时间地磁活动平静。探求这些异常变化的机制则需收集更多资料做进一步的研究。     

Performance analysis of a 3D ionosphere tomographic model

A 3D high precision ionospheric model is developed based on tomography technique. This tomographic model employs GPS data observed by an operational network of dual-frequency GPS receivers. The methodology of developing a 3D ionospheric tomography model is briefly summarized. However emphasis is put on the analysis and evaluation of the accuracy variation of 3D ionosphere modeling with respect to the change of GPS data cutoff angle.Three typical cutoff angle values (15°, 20° and 25°) are tested. For each testing cutoff angle, the performances of the3D ionospheric model constructed using tomography technique are assessed by calibrating the model predicted ionospheric TEC with the GPS measured TEC and by employing the model predicted TEC to a practical GPS positioning application single point positioning (SPP).Test results indicate the 3D model predicted VTEC has about 0.4 TECU improvement in accuracy when cutoff angle rises from 15° to 20°. However, no apparent improvement is found from 20° to 25°. The model's improvement is also validated by the better SPP accuracy of 3D model than its counterpart-dual frequency model in the 20° and 25° cases.     

联合经验正交分解和ARIMA模型的中国地区电离层短期预报

针对电离层垂直总电子含量(Vertical Total Electron Content,VTEC)具有非平稳和季节性变化的特性,结合经验正交分解(EOF)能够对非平稳时间序列进行简化和剔除冗余信息的优势,该文探索联合EOF和自回归移动平均模型(ARIMA)作为FOE-ARIMA,对中国地区电离层VTEC进行短期预报。采用IGS(International GNSS Service)中心提供的中国地区电离层格网数据(Global Ionospheric Maps,GIM),对不同季节前10天GIM数据进行EOF分解,使用ARIMA模型对主分量进行预报,通过重构获取未来5天VTEC值,并将EOF-ARIMA模型预报结果与ARIMA模型进行对比、分析。结果表明：EOF-ARIMA模型平均相对精度为83.3%,平均标准差为3.51 TECu,较ARIMA模型其平均相对精度提高了3.3%,平均标准差降低了0.16 TECu;EOF-ARIMA模型预测结果无明显季节差异,ARIMA模型秋季预报精度明显低于其它季节;EOF-ARIMA模型在赤道异常处预报精度未受影响。由此表明EOF-ARIMA模型在中国地区进行电离层短期预报具有较高的精度和稳定性。     

Storm-time ionospheric disturbances monitored by GPS beacon measurements

The Total Electron Content (TEC) during three great storms, from April to August 2000, was collected by means of a GPS receiver located in Jingzhou (30.4° N, 112.2° E). The time-latitude-dependent features of ionospheric storms are identified using TEC difference images based on the deviations of TEC during storm relative to quiet time. The responses of ionospheric TEC to magnetic storms were analyzed. The results show that: 1) In middle and low latitude, ionospheric storms effects are more apparent in local day time than at night: 2) Ionospheric storm effects are more dominant near the hump of the equatorial anomaly region than in other regions of TEC measurements; 3) The positive effects during the main phase of ionospheric storm may be caused by electric fields in low latitude; 4) During the recovery period of ionospheric storm, the negative phase of storm may be due to the perturbation of the neutral gas composition. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49984001) Biography: Pei Xiao-hong (1977-), male, Master candidate, research direction: studying ionosphere on GPS beacons.     

Study of the ionospheric anomaly before the Wenchuan earthquake

The behavior of the ionosphere before the Wenchuan earthquake is analyzed with the global TEC and ionospheric foF2 observed at Xiamen. It can be found from TEC maps that in the afternoon (16―18LT) on May 9, 2008, 3 days before the earthquake, there is an enhancement of TEC with an amplitude of 10―15 TECU appearing in the east-south direction of Wenchuan, and another enhancement appears at the conjugate region of the Southern Hemisphere with an amplitude of 10 TECU, but no obvious in-crement or decrement can be seen in other regions on global scale. It can also be found that on May 6 (6 days before the great earthquake), there is a decrement of TEC with small amplitude of 4TECU and larger area with 80° along the longitude in southern China, and there is no synchronous decrement observed at the conjugate region of the Southern Hemisphere. There are also many anomalies ob-served by ionosondes across China. The result shows that foF2 and TEC abnormally increased, which is different from pervious results that ionospheric parameters decreased prior to earthquakes. Pre-liminary results suggest that the enhancement on May 9 maybe has a close relationship with the pos-sible enhancement of ionospheric electric fields, and it may be an ionospheric precursor of earth-quakes. Whereas the decrement on May 6 may be attributed to the geomagnetic disturbance appearing on May 5.     

Preliminary results and analyses of using IGS GPS data to determine global ionospheric TEC

Using the spherical harmonic (SH) function model and the dual frequency GPS data of 139 International GPS Service (IGS) stations for July 15 of 2000, the global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is calculated and the basic method is investigated. Here, preliminary results are reported and the problems and difficulties to be solved for using GPS data to determine the global ionospheric TEC are discussed.     

玉树Mw7．1地震前电离层异常扰动初步分析

为了研究地震电离层效应,采用CODE提供的全球电离层地图（GIM）数据分析了2010年4月14日玉树7．1级地震．通过插值提取了震中区域震前的TEC时间序列,利用滑动四分位距法排除太阳（SSN、F10．7）和地磁活动（Dst、Kp）的干扰,发现电离层在震前26天和13天存在明显异常．全球电离层异常分布结果显示,震前26天的电离层异常幅度小于震前13天的异常幅度,这可能与临震时间有关．此外,两次异常的峰值点与震中区域并不严格对应,而是靠近震中偏向赤道的一侧,同时磁共轭区也有异常出现,但范围和幅度较小,这两次电离层异常有可能是地震前兆．     

美国加利福尼亚州M 6.0地震前电离层TEC异常分析

 针对2014 年8 月24 日世界时10:20 发生在美国加利福尼亚州地区(38.21°,-122.32°)的M 6.0 地震,利用美国地区全球定位系统(GPS)双频观测台网和欧洲定轨中心(CODE)绘制的全球电离层地图(GIM),分析震前上空电离层电子浓度总含量(TEC)的时间和空间变化。结果表明,震前2 d 震中附近区域TEC 相对于前25 d,TEC 下边界限出现明显负异常;通过对全球范围电离层TEC 变化的空间分析,震前2 d 震中附近区域异常减小的时间持续约40 h,且TEC 减小幅度和相对变化较为明显。此次地震前电离层TEC 异常减少,与以往亚洲地区地震的统计分析结果较为一致,但对北美地区地震空间前兆规律还有待于积累更多资料及分析。     

Correlative ionospheric disturbances in the sunlit hemisphere during the flare on July 14, 2000

Using GPS data obtained from GPS sites located on the sunlit hemisphere during the flare on July 14, 2000, the ionospheric response to the flare was analyzed. A kind of tiny correlative ionospheric fluctuations were revealed from the temporal total electron content (TEC) curves derived from GPS measurements, and the values of this kind of disturbances are about 1015 m-2. A comparative analysis of these disturbances and soft X-ray flux detected at GOES satellite during the flare is done. It is found that this kind of disturbances revealed in the temporal TEC curves did occur in a very large area of sunlit ionosphere and its behavior is mainly controlled by the characteristics of the flare's extra radiation. Because the similar fluctuations are not found in the curve of soft X-ray flux, it is concluded that the flare extra radiation in EUV band should have corresponding fluctuations and it is the fluctuations that cause the TEC disturbances. The height, where the disturbances occur, should be in the F region.     

Analysis of the ionosphere wave-motion with GPS

The periodic solar activities strongly affect the ioniza-tion of the ionosphere. Sudden enhancements in soft and hard solar X-ray and EUV radiation during solar flare can produce an immediate increase in ionospheric ionization in various degrees at different heights; altogether, they are called sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs), which are generally recorded as sudden increase of total electron content (SITEC), the short wave fadeout (SWF), sudden frequency deviation (SFD), sudden ph…