利用废含铬粗化液制取铬鞣剂

随着塑胶电镀的广泛应用,废含铬粗化液的处理必将成为企业的后顾之忧。本文所提出的利用废粗化液制取皮革工业中普遍使用的铬鞣剂,工艺简便,实用性强。既利用了废物资源,又可创造直接的经济效益。为电镀行业开辟了一条较好的技术路线。     

介绍几种仿金电镀工艺

表面处理仿金工艺能使许多物品酷似金品,色泽可获得１８～２２Ｋ的效果。而仿金电镀工艺正是表面处理仿金工艺中的一种。仿金电镀几乎适用于一切可以电镀的金属和非金属材料,与真空蒸镀和离子镀相比,具有投资少、成本低和几乎不受镀件大小限制、适宜大批生产等优点。最初的仿金电镀是电镀黄铜（铜－锌合金）,但黄铜易氧化变色。后来采用三元合金（铜－锌－锡）以及添加其他如铟、镍、钻、铯、铬、钌等盐类的新型仿金电镀工艺。近年来,又在三元仿金电镀液中引入一些有机或无机添加剂,如天津大学化工系开发的三元低氰仿金镀液中引入第二…     

制革厂“三废”治理Ⅰ从铬鞣废液中回收铬的新探讨

<正> 制革厂铬鞣废液的处理是人们一直关注和努力解决的一个问题。有些厂采用加碱沉淀、经板框压滤机过滤、再将滤饼用硫酸酸化处理后回用于生产过程。这样在控制 pH 值为8.5～9.5条件下可以保证排放液中六价铬的含量不超过0.5毫克/升,符合排放标准。但是由于氢氧化铬是一种胶体沉淀物,其等电点的 pH 值为5,在产生氢氧化铬(以下简称铬泥)沉淀的 pH 条件下,胶体颗粒带负电。因此铬泥中除夹含有大量油脂、蛋白质等有机物以外,必然还吸附溶液中存在的大量阳离子及阴离子。铬泥中的这些有机物和吸附的无机物很难用洗涤的办法除去,难以保证铬鞣液的理想成分,一般只能用于鞣制低档产品用革,并且会为多次     

单宁固化废鞣革胶原纤维水刺布Cu~(2+)的吸附性能

将制革工业中废弃皮革经过非织造工艺制成废鞣革胶原纤维水刺布,通过戊二醛交联将单宁固化到废鞣革胶原纤维水刺布上.研究发现废鞣革胶原纤维水刺布经单宁固化后仍为蛋白质的立体多孔状材料.研究Cu2+初始质量浓度、溶液温度、溶液pH值对Cu2+吸附量的影响.结果发现,随着Cu2+初始质量浓度、溶液温度、溶液pH值的增大,Cu2+吸附量逐渐增大,最大为25.14mg/g.同时利用0.1mol/L稀HCl溶液对吸附材料进行解吸附试验,研究单宁固化废鞣革胶原纤维水刺布吸附材料的解吸附性能及其再生性.研究结果发现,经多次吸附-解吸附后材料对Cu2+吸附量及解吸附量不断衰减,重复再生性不理想.     

废革鞣液处理与循环利用技术

为解决制革探制中存在的三价路和中性盐的污染，该技术在“路读废液组份及循环使用的研究”的基础上，研究开发出废铬读液回收和循环使用技术。该技术工艺合理可行，产品质量不受影响，操作简单，易于管理，是一种投资少，效果好，运行费用低的废铬液治理方法。该技术把消除污染，节约用水，降低成本统一起来，具有显著的经济效益。该技术适用于大、中、小型制革企业和猪、牛、羊等类皮革产品。联系地址：（250100）山东济南市黄台北23号山东轻工业学院科研处联系人：朱汇源废革鞣液处理与循环利用技术     

电子网板显影废液中铬的回收与利用研究

针对彩虹集团电子网板厂的含铬废水进行研究。先用氢氧化钠调节废液的pH值为7．5，使其沉淀抽滤。清液在酸性介质下，用蔗糖还原，使废液中的Cr^6 还原为Cr^3 ，将其配制成鞣革液，应用于皮革工业的鞣革，所鞣制的猪皮蓝湿革，各项技术指标已达到标准铬粉的同等水平，从而使含铬废水回收利用，在含铬废水处理上，从环境保护和应用方面开辟一条新的途径。     

混凝吸附法去除电镀废水中铬的试验

介绍一种以热电厂炉渣为主,加入少量硫酸亚铁及明矾配成的混凝吸附剂。用于处理电镀废水中的Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）,得到较好的效果,其去除率达到９９％以上,为电镀镀铬綮不的处理提供了一种以废治废的有效途径。     

(艹氐)-偶氮型皮革染料的应用

研究了芪－偶氮型皮革染料应用于羊皮铬鞣蓝湿革的染色。结果表明：该类染料对羊皮铬鞣革具有较强的亲和力和表面着色能力，染成的有色革具有较好的染色坚牢度。     

膜分离技术在电镀废水资源回收及中水回用中的应用

电镀工业是我国重要的加工业,其生产过程中产生的大量含镍.铬等重金属废水给环境带来严重污染的同时,也造成了大量贵重金属资源的流失.实现电镀度水以及贵重金属资源的循环利用已是迫在眉睫的大事.膜分离技术自70年代应用于水处理领域后,得到了广泛的研究和空前的发展,采用该方法处理电镀工业漂洗废水达到零排放,将为企业带来巨大的经济效益,社会效益和环境效益.     

低氟无铬前处理的镁合金电镀工艺

通过打磨→碱洗→酸洗活化→浸锌的低氟无铬前处理工艺对镁合金进行了镍电镀实验,并对镀层进行了结合力和耐蚀性检测.结果表明,镁合金经碱洗、酸洗活化、浸锌后再电镀的前处理过程可获得致密均匀的浸锌层,及结合力好、耐蚀性强的镍电镀层.研究的低氟无铬前处理工艺可取代含大量氟和铬的Dow前处理工艺,该工艺的应用提高了表面处理液的环保性能,降低了生产成本.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to