电弧作用下银基触头温度场的有限体积法分析

推导了电弧热流密度关于电路电压和电流的数学表达式.基于有限体积方法和显热容法,对银基触头材料受电弧作用的温度场进行了数值分析.计算中有效处理了复合触头材料的物性参数,分析了触头材料熔池的特征.计算表明:在相同条件下,纯Ag触头材料的熔化面积最小,而AgZnO(10)触头材料的熔化面积最大;熔池大小随电压和电流的增加而增加,但电压的影响更为显著.     

长间隙真空电弧形态演变过程观察

应用设计制作的真空电弧图像瞬态摄像系统，对长间隙下不同时刻的真空电弧图像进行了拍摄，获得了真空电弧开矿演变过程，通过外加线圈对灭弧室触头间施加纵向磁场，保持了大电流下电弧为扩散型，降低了电弧电压。     

电弧力对触头表面形貌特征的影响

根据触头材料电弧侵蚀的开断实验及实验后触头表面的微观分析,发现触头表面电弧侵蚀形貌特征与电弧力有直接关系。通过进一步研究,提出了电弧力是导致液态金属流动和形成液态喷溅状、斑点状形貌特征的主要原因,并进行了深入的理论分析。     

多次重燃过程中高频电弧持续时间的研究

利用在固定小开距真空灭弧室中产生高频放电的方法，对多次重燃过程中每次重燃的高频电弧现象进行了研究，实验发现：该高频放电的特征可用冷击穿电压和开距的关系及燃弧后真空间隙热而耐压水平和开距的关系进行描述，测量结果表明，用ＣｕＣｒ触头材料制成的真空灭弧室具有较高的冷击穿强度，是ＡｇＷＣ的３倍，根据能量关系建立了每次重燃时高频电弧持续时间的计算模型，并用该模型对试验电路进行了计算。     

基于彩色CCD的三色法测量电弧温度场分布

电器触头是低压电器的主要部件,电弧温度是影响电器触头寿命的主要因素。根据ＣＣＤ器件感光成像原理、图像还原原理及普朗克辐射公式阐述了三色法测温的原理,利用彩色ＣＣＤ摄像机摄取的电弧图像中的彩色分量,运用数字图像处理技术进行了噪声消除,重建了电弧的二维温度场分布,描述了测量系统的构成,并给出了电弧实测结果。     

电弧对银金属氧化物（AgMeO）触头的熔炼和侵蚀特性

在快速试验机上对ＡｇＣｄＯ和ＡｇＳｎＯ２触头材料进行了大量分断电弧侵蚀试验．利用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）对熔层表面进行微观测试，并且利用能量扩散式Ｘ射线衍射仪（ＥＤＡＸ）对熔层表面进行成份分析、研究了熔层表面的微观组织结构，分析了触头气孔的形成机理和裂纹的产生原因与抑制途径，探讨了触头的耐电弧侵蚀能力与熔层组织结构的关系．研究发现，随着电弧作用次数的增加，银基触头材料熔层组织结构经历调整态和准稳定态两个阶段，准稳定态阶段中Ａｇ与第二相组元的含量比例稳定在一定范围．     

小电流真空电弧不稳定性及截流的试验研究

通过试验研究了小电流真空电弧不稳定时电弧电压、电弧电流的高频变化过程，观察到电弧不稳定过程中存在许多不成功截断，导致电弧电压和电弧电流波形上叠加高频分量。负载电容、触头并联电容和回路连线电感等对电弧电压、电弧电流的高频过程具有不同的影响；也影响真空开关的截流值。     

电弧对弓网系统接触线温度的影响

为研究电弧位置及能量对弓网系统接触线温度的影响,利用COMSOLMultiphysics软件建立了弓网系统摩擦副温度场仿真模型,通过实验验证了模型的有效性.利用弓网电弧实验数据对高速、强电流条件下的电弧能量进行预测,并将预测结果应用到温度场仿真计算.研究结果表明:电弧能量及位置不同,对接触面温升影响很大.电弧位置对温度的影响有时大于电弧能量对温度的影响.淋雨环境下电弧燃弧时间短,燃弧个数更多,导致接触线最高温度比无雨时大,对接触面侵蚀更严重.     

AgNi触头材料电弧侵蚀形貌的类型及其形成机理

在CKS触头材料试验机上,对不同Ni含量的AgNi触头材料作了分断试验,试图解释在电弧侵蚀过程之后.由分断电弧引起的各种表面形貌形成的机理.首次探讨了由单次分断电弧烧蚀成的阳极和阴极表面的侵蚀形貌特征,归纳了由单次和多次电弧烧蚀引起的8种表面形貌类型,解释了这些表面形貌类型的形成机理和在电弧侵蚀过程中的作用.     

TIG焊流动、传热及界面跟踪动网格数值模拟

基于磁流体力学(magnetohydrodynamics,MHD)模型,采用动网格技术(dynamic mesh method,DMM)跟踪电弧-熔池界面,建立了钨极惰性气体(tungsten insert gas,TIG)保护焊过程耦合流动、传热、凝固熔化及动网格界面跟踪的数学模型.首先计算自由燃弧,得到了准确的弧区速度、温度及压力等参数.然后分别验证了熔池内电磁力、热浮力、等离子流曳力和Marangoni力4个驱动力.考虑上述电弧-熔池相互作用,基于压力的动态平衡跟踪界面,计算了304不锈钢TIG焊过程,得到了等离子体冲击造成的熔池中央下凹及边缘上凸现象.结果表明,本模型可以得到更准确的界面及熔池形状.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。