GGE双标图在马铃薯品种适应性及产量稳定性分析中的应用评价

对GGE双标图在马铃薯区域试验中的应用进行评价.采用贵州省2年8个试点9个品种(系)组成的马铃薯区域试验产量资料,通过GGE双标图法,研究了马铃薯基因型与环境互作效应对试点代表性与鉴别力,以及品种丰产性与稳定性的影响.结果表明:在9个品种(系)中,(G7)26-13-1属于丰产性、稳定性高的品(种)系.在8个试点中,(E1)安顺和(E4)六盘水的代表性与区分力最好.GGE双标图为研究不同环境下马铃薯产量提供了更为科学、直观有效的分析方法.     

电导法协同Logistic方程比较12个葡萄砧木的抗寒性

为了比较引入石河子的葡萄砧木品种的抗寒性差异,试验以12个葡萄砧木品种的1年生枝条为材料,对其分别进行-10、-15、-20、-25、-30和-35℃的低温处理,4℃贮藏的枝条为对照,测定其相对电导率,拟合Logistic方程,计算半致死温度,同时统计萌芽率的变化。结果表明:12个砧木品种的相对电导率均随着处理温度的下降而上升,结合Logistic方程计算其半致死温度,结果表明,12个葡萄砧木品种抗寒性差异较大,其抗寒性强弱排序依次为:贝达5BBSO43309C5C5A520A1103P225Ru8B420110R;萌芽率反映出的12个品种抗寒性大小与半致死温度的测定结果一致。     

封面故事

葡萄风信子（Muscaris botryoides）又名蓝壶花、葡萄白合、串铃花。为白合科蓝壶花属多年生草本植物,原产欧洲中部的法国、德国及波兰南部,我国目前的品种都是从欧洲引进的。     

海南东寨港红树林内生真菌Fusariumsp.的含氮代谢产物

采用静置培养方法对红树林内生真菌Fusarium sp. KL11进行大米固体发酵,通过现代分离纯化方法,获得6个化合物,其结构经质谱(mass spectrum,MS)和核磁共振波谱法(nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,NMR)分析,并与文献数据比对,鉴定为:bassiatin(1),白僵菌素(2),葡萄孢镰菌素(3),5-甲氧基葡萄孢镰菌素(4),8-甲氧基葡萄孢镰菌素(5)和5,8-二甲氧基葡萄孢镰菌素(6),均为含氮化合物。     

齐兴肉兔和伊拉兔MC4R、GHR基因SNP的检测

为了探索兔黑素皮质素受体-4 (MC4R)、生长激素受体(GHR)基因的部分单核苷酸多态性(SNP)及其与不同兔品种生长速度之间的关联,试验采用Chelex 100从齐兴肉兔和伊拉兔(n=60)血中快速提取基因组DNA,用PCR扩增MC4R、GHR基因部分片段并直接测序.结果发现:两品种兔GHR基因检测出1个SNP位点g.63343609 TG,为同义突变,该位点仅检测到G等位基因;MC4R基因检测出5个SNP且均为同义突变,各个位点的基因型频率在齐兴肉兔和伊拉兔之间存在不同程度的差异.推测MC4R基因的单核苷酸多态性可能与兔的生长速度有关联.     

酿酒葡萄品种对绿盲蝽抗性的筛选及其挥发物初步鉴定

为了确定绿盲蝽在葡萄园区的取食和产卵行为,以及不同酿酒葡萄品种释放的挥发性物质成分,在田间对不同品种酿酒葡萄叶片的受害情况和各品种酿酒葡萄上的绿盲蝽越冬卵量进行调查。结果表明,不同葡萄品种对绿盲蝽的抗性不同,其中玛瑟兰对绿盲蝽抗性最强,抗性指数为5.0,小味儿多对绿盲蝽抗性最弱,抗性指数为1.0;绿盲蝽在不同葡萄品种上的越冬卵量存在差异,分析表明不同品种酿酒葡萄叶片受害指数与绿盲蝽越冬卵量之间无相关性。采用顶空采样技术,分析不同抗性酿酒葡萄苗释放的挥发性物质含量与种类的差异,5个不同品种的酿酒葡萄共鉴定出53种挥发性成分,不同抗性酿酒葡萄释放的挥发物不尽相同,其中苯酚、顺-2-戊烯-1-醇、长叶烯等化合物为高抗植物玛瑟兰所特有,邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、正十三烷、乙二膦酸等化合物为高感植物特有。     

不同品种葡萄皮上细菌的多样性分析

以4种市面常见葡萄品种：黑提(H)、玫瑰香(M)、阳光玫瑰(Y)、红提(D)为研究对象，应用高通量测序技术对4种葡萄果皮上细菌的多样性进行分析研究.试验结果表明，细菌门水平上的优势菌群一般是：拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)这4个门类，细菌属水平的优势菌群一般为乳酸菌(Lactobacillus)、拟球菌(Bacteroides)、另枝菌属(Alistipes)、毛螺旋菌科＿NK4A136＿group(Lachnospiraceae＿NK4A136＿group)、链球菌(Streptococcus)、拟普雷沃菌属(Alloprevotella).研究表明：4种葡萄表皮的细菌多样性指数无显著差异，其中玫瑰香与红提的细菌群落相似程度较高.     

酿酒葡萄叶面积的测定方法研究

在调查酿酒葡萄叶片形状及大小的基础上 ,以两年、两个试验地点的 3个酿酒葡萄品种 (赤霞珠、梅鹿辄、阿尔卡布斯 )的成熟叶片为试材 ,应用相关的回归分析 ,找出叶片宽度 (x)和叶面积 (y)的回归方程。结果表明 :两个试验地点的相同品种 (赤霞珠 )以及两个试验地点的 3个不同品种的混合叶片 ,均可以用叶宽做自变量 ,建立与叶面积的回归方程 ,并且相关程度达极显著水平。这为酿酒葡萄叶面积的测定提供了一个更为简单实用、操作快捷的测定方法     

藏鸡FSHβ、POU1F1和FSHR的基因多态性及其与产蛋性能的关系

目的:通过研究藏鸡FSHβ、POU1F1和FSHR的基因多态性及其与产蛋性能的关系,在分子水平上分析其产蛋性能低下的原因,目的是筛选出高产基因型以帮助选育高产藏鸡,为保护纯种藏鸡、促进规模化养殖提供理论依据和指导.方法:以高产蛋量鸡品种罗曼鸡为对照,选择禽类繁殖调控轴上的促卵泡激素β亚基(FSHβ)、垂体特异性转录因子1(POU1F1)和促卵泡激素受体(FSHR)三个基因,克隆、分析这三个基因部分编码区(CDS区)单核苷酸序列多态性(SNP)及其与藏鸡产蛋量的相关性.结果:1.藏鸡与罗曼鸡FSHβ基因第2外显子和第3外显子种内、种间均不具有多态性,表现为单一基因型.2.POU1F1基因exon3,exon4和exon6在藏鸡和罗曼鸡种间存在SNP位点,具有各自独特的基因型.exon3上藏鸡为AA基因型,罗曼鸡为AB基因型;exon4上藏鸡为CC基因型,罗曼鸡为CD基因型;exon6上藏鸡为TT基因型,罗曼鸡为TW基因型.而该基因第5外显子序列在两物种的种内和种间均未表现出多态性.3.FSHR基因exon1和exon4在藏鸡和罗曼鸡种间存在SNP位点.exon1上藏鸡为EE基因型,罗曼鸡为EF基因型;exon4上藏鸡表现为3种基因型(GH,GI,HI),而在罗曼鸡上仅具有一种基因型(GH),且罗曼鸡的基因型与藏鸡种群内的一种相同.结论:1.FSHβ基因不具有多态性,与产蛋量间的关系有待进一步研究.2.POU1F1基因exon3,exon4和exon6具有多态性.此3个片段的核苷酸突变位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率在两个种群间呈极显著性差异(P0.01),这6个SNP与藏鸡产蛋量具有显著相关性.3.FSHR基因的exon1和exon4具有多态性.此2个片段的核苷酸突变位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率在两个种群间呈极显著性差异(P0.01),该基因的SNP与产蛋量具有显著相关性.     

绿盲蝽对不同葡萄品种叶片的危害特性

为明确绿盲蝽对不同葡萄品种的危害特性,从我国酿酒葡萄和鲜食葡萄主要种植地区之一的秦皇岛市昌黎县选择了9个酿酒葡萄品种和43个鲜食葡萄品种,对叶片受害程度及同一品种不同叶位的受害程度进行调查分析。结果表明:不同品种的受害指数存在显著性差异(P0.05),酿酒葡萄品种中霞多丽品种的受害程度显著高于其它品种,绿盲蝽对小味儿多品种的危害程度最轻;鲜食葡萄品种中玫瑰香葡萄品种的受害程度显著高于其它品种。同一品种不同叶位被害情况也呈显著性差异(P0.05),如霞多丽品种第3,第4片叶为害最重,第9,第10片叶为害最轻;玫瑰香葡萄品种第5片叶为害最重,第9,第10片叶为害最轻。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the