反本质主义与艺术本质问题

本是针对艺术本质论的理论预设作批判性反思。经过反本质主义的洗礼,以传统本质主义的方式言说艺术本质问题被证明是死路;但是反本质主义矫枉过正,主张“艺术本质是一个假问题”,彻底否定任何理性抽象的必要性和可能性。通过对维特根斯坦的“家族相似”概念作扩展性研究, 同时与韦伯的“理想 类型”方法论相结合,超越本质主义与反本质主义的知性对立,张扬有限的理性主义立场,建构言说艺术本质 问题的新范式。     

反思本质思维如何进入文学认识

＂本质＂一词经历了从＂形成＂（from）到＂共相＂（universal）的变化,逐步接近现在的＂本质＂（essence）概念。反思本质思维如何进入对于文学的认识（理论）,也即是重新从源头上认识＂诗＂入＂哲学＂的过程。对于这一过程的考察给当今的＂反本质主义＂文学理论书写予以提醒：＂反本质主义＂并不是反掉事物的＂本质＂,也不是反＂本质主义＂。＂反本质主义＂思想来源具有多元性,应具体问题具体分析。     

克服本质主义:尼采与杜威

尼采与杜威都对导致本质主义的思辨方法采取否定的态度,力图加以克服。尼采认为哲学的文学化是哲学摆脱本质主义的出路,在杜威看来,应该是科学方法而不是哲学的文学化能够使哲学摆脱本质主义。虽然二者的观点互不一致,但是却表明哲学摆脱本质主义的途径在于恢复本质与人的生存固有的联系。     

主体空场：本质主义科学观质疑

文章以马克思实践范畴基本思想为指导,对本质主义科学观进行了全面审视,指出了本质主义科学观的错误在于在本体论上的形而上学预设性、在认识论上消解了认识主体、在价值观方面导致价值理性缺失。     

维特根斯坦的反本质主义哲学思想

从传统本质主义的缺陷、维特根斯坦的意义即用法、语言游戏论三个方面,来揭示维特根斯坦对本质主义的态度及其所引发的哲学思考。指出维特根斯坦从日常用法的角度对本质进行新的思考,认为对本质只能进行描述而不能进行解释。他将“本质”一词的用法从人们对绝对主义的渴望和冲动中解脱了出来,不仅扬弃了传统的本质观的危险性而且使本质概念获得了新生。     

逻辑主义与后现代学术态度

逻辑主义认为仅凭逻辑或一套操作性的认知程序即可把握真理,把握真理与道德、情感、欲望、境界等精神状态没有关系;认为确定性是最重要的认知目标.古希腊哲学和中国传统思想都不这么认为.后现代主义在对本质主义和基础主义的消解中也消解了逻辑主义.科学史本身表明,没有内在于科学中的诚,科学便无法发现知识.知识和学术繁荣离不开真诚、谦逊、包容等学术态度.     

概论科学主义与反科学主义

近一段时间 ,有关“科学主义”的争论很多。有人认为 ,在我国目前科学还很不发达的情况下 ,应该大力倡导科学主义。而另一些人则认为 ,科学主义是一个贬义词 ,应该回避和批判。科学主义是什么？反科学主义又是什么？在我国应该如何对待它们呢？对此 ,需要作一番深入的探析。一、科学主义的由来及发展科学主义（Ｓｃｉｅｎｔｉｓｍ）是一个外来词 ,在哲学文献中以许多不同的方式使用着。一些学者将科学主义与１９世纪科学家、哲学家对于科学方法的信念联系起来 ,这样的信念就是 :“科学是关于实在（ｒｅａｌｉｔｙ）的认识的唯一可靠来源。”…     

略论原始主义的生命理性情怀

一直以来,原始主义被视为非理性甚至是反理性的代名词。其实,原始主义是一种复杂的文化思潮,其精神内核在某种程度上蕴涵着生命的理性,它体现了生命的张扬,透析出理性的情怀。从古至今,许多著名思想家对原始主义的生命理性情怀有着独特而富有深度的阐释,这尤其在卢梭、康德等著名哲学家的思想中得到了体现。     

“五四”文学的阐释困境与动态阐释模式的形成

对"五四"文学的阐释有着较为明显的阶段性特征,初期的文学史研究者胡适、周作人、梁实秋等人以一种本质主义的思维方式分别展示了他们各自理念观照下的"五四"文学,而新中国成立之后很长一段时间的文学史则习惯于一种二元对立的思维方式,将"五四"文学放在资产阶级/无产阶级、进步/反动、理性/非理性、写实/抒情、民族主义/世界主义、启蒙/救亡等对立框架中进行考量,从而造成"五四"文学的阐释悖论。新时期以来,研究界渐渐摆脱之前那种本质主义的、二元对立的研究方式,吸取西方的非本质主义、主体间性哲学思想,尝试以关系思维的研究方法重新解读"五四"文学,从而最大限度地还原了"五四"文学的复杂与悖论性。     

数学哲学观的转变:从绝对主义到可谬主义

绝对主义数学哲学观认为数学对象是独立于人的思维的真实的、永恒的存在,数学知识是稳定的、不变的、可靠的真理。绝对主义在解释数学对象的实在性时不能自圆其说,基础主义的失败表明绝对主义的数学观有严重的缺陷。从数学知识的构成来看,数学知识具有不确定性,不是对真实现象的准确描述,而是人类思维的创造物。拉卡托斯提出了可谬主义的数学观。可谬主义与建构主义一起引起人们对数学知识性质的讨论,可以视为是对传统数学哲学观的重建。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme