浅析卡夫卡的悖谬化叙事特征

悖谬,又称悖论,原本是一个哲学术语,是一种表面似乎矛盾而内含真理因素的表达方式.对于卡夫卡来说,悖谬不仅是一个哲学概念,同时也是一种美学特征和艺术风格,悖谬与卡夫卡的思想和创作有着密不可分的关系.卡夫卡的作品充满了悲剧色彩,然而,作品中人物的痛苦却是被裹在滑稽的喜剧形式下得以展现的.笔者旨在分析卡夫卡叙事中的悖谬特征,从而揭示出卡夫卡作品独特的艺术魅力.     

余华《西北风呼啸的中午》与卡夫卡 《乡村医生》的比较研究

余华深受卡夫卡的影响，他的小说《西北风呼啸的中午》正是借鉴卡夫卡《乡村医生》的尝试之作，两部作品在形式上都表现出真实与虚构复合的特点，又都在荒诞的文本中隐喻了世界本原意义上的混乱。但两者的不同之处在于余华以解构伦理来阐释这种混乱，表达出对生存的关注，卡夫卡则以反讽圣经故事表达出对西方化的犹太人宗教情感的失望，有着浓厚的神学内涵。但文学的终极意义在于它对美好生存的执着呼唤，所以两位作家在作品中又都表达出焦灼的期待。     

卡夫卡作品中宗教精神的流变

作为20世纪以来最受关注的西方现代派作家,弗兰茨.卡夫卡的作品体现出荒诞悖谬而又充满隐喻意味的特征,并具有丰富的宗教内涵。从早期创作中的宗教迷惘,中期创作中的宗教矛盾,到晚期走上个性化信仰道路,卡夫卡经历了一条从偶像崇拜、信仰矛盾到寻求终极救赎和回归个体化信仰的艰难道路。     

存在是一种虚无——重读卡夫卡《城堡》

在《城堡》中,卡夫卡实际阐述了这样一种世界观:存在是一种虚无。与这个观点相呼应,小说中的社会存在于两大层面上展示了其虚无性:上层建筑的"可望不可及"与社会主体的"可及不可解"。     

荒诞背景下的真实——论《变形记》的自传性

《变形记》是卡夫卡的短篇代表作,是西方现代文学中不可多得的一部佳作。荒诞和悖谬、象征和隐喻、“异化”和绝望,使作品充满了神秘、恐怖和悲惨的氛围。研究者较多注重作家的哲学思想和创作手法的研究,却忽视了作品本身的解读和作者的生命体验,透过作品的神秘面纱,我们看得更清楚的是荒诞背景下的真实,是作品明显的自传性质。     

论余华的小说

余华是一位优秀的小说作家。他早期的小说以冷漠的风格 ,表现阴谋、死亡、暴力以及世界的混乱与悖理 ,以极端化的风格表达了对生活常理和社会规范的怀疑与颠覆 ,反映了作者与现实之间敌对、紧张的关系 ,代表了 1980年代先锋小说对于生存状态探索方面的成就。生存的苦难则是他 1990年以后小说的基本主题 ,这也体现了一种从启蒙知识分子到民间的价值态度的转移 ,生命的欢悦、善良、温情和达观化解了他早期作品中暴戾的激情。余华冷漠的叙事风格受到法国新小说和鲁迅、卡夫卡、海明威等作家的影响 ,而生动、丰富、准确、富于想象力的细节描写和语言的简洁、精致、流畅成为他重要的艺术才能。对细节的重视既是余华的一种重要才能 ,同时也成为他创作的一种局限     

余华的世界

余华是当代中国先锋作家的代表人物，九十年代后期，先锋学步入 整体的衰微，海内外却掀起了一股余华热，余华的创作对于整个先锋学具有重要的启示作用，余华试图在作品中呈现人存在的本质，余华前期的创作表现了人的自在的存在，后期创作则表现了人的自为的存在。     

邪恶的隐喻——西方现代绘画的非理性表达

西方绘画自19世纪中起，开始了一个流派纷起、方生方死的时代，在当时非理性主义强调人的无意识或潜意识层面的情感意志和本能冲动的理论背景下，西方现代画家表达各种怪异、丑陋、阴暗和不合常理，它尖锐而犀利、悖谬而颓废……     

非理性世界中的空洞灵魂──析卡夫卡的创作在哲学层面的深刻性

奥地利现代主义著名作家弗兰茨·卡夫卡,曾一度戏剧性地被表现主义、象征主义、存在主义等各种现代文学流派争相拥为自己的代表作家,这位现代主义的先驱在创作中追求一种噩梦般的荒诞情境,将人物形象塑造成具有哲学意义的象征形象,他的作品所描绘的世界象一座阴冷恐怖的迷宫。《城堡》、《审判》、《变形记》、《在流放地》等作品,可以说是集中或代表性地体现卡夫卡的创作在哲学层面上的深刻性的优秀小说。这些小说体现出卡夫卡深受存在主义哲学影响的思想,这些思想渗透了卡夫卡的一生,成为他认识世界的一个基本出发点。1915年发表的…     

向生存边界的突击——析卡夫卡

卡夫卡的语言冷静、平板，却透出一种判决词似的寒冷；他的结构是“砖瓦历历屋将倾”，却于细节真实与整体不真实之间加深着不安；他的手法有变形、象征等，却与其说是一种手法勿宁说是一种至真体验中的必然。这些构成为人称道的“卡夫卡式”的形式因素，都不足以解释出现“卡夫卡学”、“卡夫卡热”的原因，本文拟就卡夫卡的世界、卡夫卡的生存突击、卡夫卡的意义几方面来略析一下这位孤独的作家。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the