概述裂变径迹热年代学的原理及制约因素

裂变径迹热年代学方法是一种铀裂变辐射损伤效应的同位素热年代学方法。在分析裂变径迹定年的原理和方法基础上,介绍了目前裂变径迹热年代学方法的应用,综述了裂变径迹方法的制约因素,并结合国内外研究现状指出了裂变径迹热年代学今后的发展方向。     

内蒙古大青山晚中生代以来的隆升-剥露过程

对大青山东段4件基岩样品进行磷灰石裂变径迹研究,获得该区晚中生代以来的隆升?剥露历史,并探讨大青山现代地貌的形成。样品的磷灰石裂变径迹年龄为57.7±3.8~50.4±3.3 Ma,封闭径迹长度分布在10.7±0.4~9.9±0.1μm之间。热历史模拟结果表明,大青山地区存在晚白垩世(约100~90 Ma)和中?晚中新世(13.5~7 Ma)以来两个快速抬升冷却阶段,13.5~7 Ma以来是本区剥露最快的时期,这一阶段的隆升造就现今大青山的地貌格局。     

应用磷灰石裂变径迹研究沉积盆地的热史

磷灰石裂变径迹是研究沉积盆地地热史的强有力工具。胜利油区东营凹陷磷灰石裂变径迹分析表明该盆地的古热作用比现今热作用强。盆地形成初期经历的热事件使其具有较高的热流，随后热流缓慢衰减；３号样品径迹长度的混和型分布说明东营组（Ｅｄ）和馆陶组（Ｎｇ）之间的沉积间断曾引起了盆地古地温的降低。东营凹陷磷灰石裂变径迹退火带位置在２０００～３４００ｍ左右，和生油窗是一致的。     

北淮阳地区裂变径迹记录的地质意义

为了揭示北淮阳地区古生界杨山煤系的构造热演化特点,探讨该区燕山运动以来构造-热历史,了解地壳浅部构造热过程提供依据,本文应用刻画温度与时间关系较好的锆石、磷灰石裂变径迹技术(FT),对该区杨山煤系的6个古生界碎屑岩进行热演化分析.研究结果表明:95 Ma±以前,北淮阳地区石炭系地层处于磷灰石径迹完全退火带温度范围内,至95 Ma±才抬升至脱离完全退火带的位置,并经历了一个缓慢的抬升过程,至31~47 Ma±快速抬升;较大年龄差异的存在极有可能是商城岩体异常高温所致;发生于燕山期的岩浆活动对锆石径迹发生退火作用有一定的影响,2个锆石样品开始脱离完全退火带的时间为130 Ma±和140 Ma±,对应的锆石年龄更可能是中生代印支-燕山期较强烈的构造-热事件的地质响应.     

青藏高原东南缘中甸地区上新世快速隆升的磷灰石裂变径迹证据

运用裂变径迹年代学方法对青藏高原东南缘中甸地区三叠系的5件磷灰石样品的低温热年代学特征进行分析,获得样品的热演化史,并约束研究区的构造隆升剥露过程。样品的热史模拟结果表明,磷灰石样品基本反映了相同的低温段热演化史。所有样品在沉积后所经历的埋藏温度曾经高于最大退火温度,表明所有样品在记录径迹前都曾完全退火。磷灰石裂变径迹温度-时间轨迹表明,研究区的构造隆升主要集中在2个时间段,即10.2~5.2 Ma B.P.和5.2 Ma B.P.至今。5.2 Ma B.P.以来的构造隆升事件对整个研究区剥露过程的影响相当广泛,表明研究区在上新世时期曾经历区域性的快速构造隆升事件;所有样品在上新世(5.2 Ma B.P.左右)都经历了一次快速的隆升,表明研究区在上新世经历了一次快速构造隆升剥露过程。     

西昆仑山北缘新生代隆升历史的裂变径迹证据

自新生代以来,西昆仑地区发生强烈的构造变形和隆升,其初始隆升和末次快速隆升的时限仍是有待探讨的重大问题。本文沿西昆仑北缘采集一系列砂岩样品,利用裂变径迹分析方法探讨了西昆仑北缘新生代的冷却历史。结合裂变径迹年龄和径迹长度分布进行分析,可以将6个磷灰石样品分为2组。3个磷灰石样品的径迹年龄远小于所在地层的年龄。平均径迹长度为(12.0±2.3)~(12.6±1.3)μm,呈不对称单峰形态,反映样品缓慢地通过部分退火带;另外3个磷灰石样品径迹年龄与各自地层的沉积年龄接近,平均径迹长度介于(10.7±2.3)~(11.4±1.3)μm,呈现双峰或混合分布的特征,表明沉积后发生部分退火。热史模拟显示,自晚白垩世以来,西昆仑山北缘共经历了3期抬升冷却事件。晚始新世(40~30 Ma),受早期印度板块向古亚洲大陆板块俯冲碰撞的影响,西昆仑山北缘已经开始隆升;晚渐新世―早中新世(25~15 Ma)是西昆仑乃至青藏高原重要的隆升时期;最后一轮强烈隆升则发生在距今5~3 Ma以来,冷却速率最高达15℃/Ma,剥蚀速率相当于600m/my。电子自旋共振测试揭示了早中新世(15 Ma)和晚上新世以来(2.6~0.63 Ma)两期强烈的构造变形和热液活动,更进一步限定了西昆仑最后一期强烈隆升在2.6 Ma以来。     

吐鲁番-哈密盆地中新生代热历史:磷灰石裂变径迹证据

对吐鲁番-哈密盆地中部连木沁剖面和南北山前带的9个样品进行磷灰石裂变径迹测年发现,7个侏罗系样品的中心年龄皆小于地层沉积年龄,而2个白垩系样品的中心年龄则大于或等于地层沉积年龄,表明侏罗系样品经历过退火或部分退火,而白垩系样品则未退火.进一步的热模拟研究表明,在晚白垩世120～100Ma,吐哈盆地发生构造抬升,地层快速冷却剥露,岩层在新生代二次埋藏加热,至10～8Ma又再次剥露.     

蓬莱9-1潜山花岗岩油藏成藏时间的裂变径迹热年代学约束

油气藏成藏时间的确定一直是石油地质研究领域的难点。该文利用磷灰石裂变径迹测龄及温度-时间热史模拟技术探索了如何精确限定油气藏的成藏时间。从渤海蓬莱9-1潜山花岗岩储层裂缝带和基岩带分别获取2件磷灰石样品,根据磷灰石裂变径迹的长度、年龄和径迹分布,利用 AFT Solve 软件模拟获得了它们的温度-时间热史轨迹。2件样品相似的温度-时间热史轨迹表明,在3．8～2．6 Ma B．P．期间,由于受石油流体充注的影响,样品发生异常热扰动和温度突变,在3．2 Ma B．P．时期受扰动的温度达到最大。根据受异常热扰动的起始时间,确定蓬莱9-1潜山花岗岩石油充注时间为3．8～2．6 Ma B．P．,油气藏的主成藏期为3．2 Ma B．P．。     

渤海湾盆地剥蚀量恢复中的综合分析法

利用地震层速度法、镜质体反射率法、声波时差法、地质外推法等 ,确定渤海湾盆地中生界的剥蚀量 ,并建立起初步的埋藏史曲线 ,然后应用磷灰石裂变径迹长度分析技术 ,选定澳大利亚扇形模型 ,沿可能性最大的几种不同地质概念热史路径 ,对渤海湾盆地临清坳陷西部Q 5井等的白垩统地层的磷灰石裂变径迹长度分布进行了数值模拟 .通过与实测磷灰石裂变径迹长度分布的比较 ,确定了该井合理的、精确的地质演化历史 .模拟研究结果表明 ,Q 5井在距今 70Ma时 ,白垩系地层达到其演化历史上的最大埋深 (35 0 0m) ;之后发生构造抬升并遭受剥蚀 ,下白垩系地层的最大剥蚀量为 95 0m ,上白垩系地层的最大剥蚀量为 15 70m .研究过程证明 ,多种方法结合 ,比单纯用磷灰石裂变径迹热史分析法得出的结论可靠 .     

用磷灰石裂变径迹研究西湖凹陷的古地温

对西湖凹陷HY1411井的岩心和岩屑样品中的磷灰石进行了系统的裂变径迹测定 ,并对该井所代表的西湖凹陷地热史进行了分析和模拟。研究结果表明 ,西湖凹陷磷灰石裂变径迹退火带深度为 2 0 0 0～ 390 0m ,相应的古地温为 70～ 12 5℃ ,古地温梯度为 2 .8℃ / (10 0m)。西湖凹陷主要生油岩是下第三系暗色泥页岩 ,其大量生成油气的温度约为 90℃ ,生油门限是 2 80 0m左右。西湖凹陷的磷灰石裂变径迹长度为单峰分布 ,说明此地区自第三纪以来仅经历了一次热事件作用 ,且与该地区大地构造活动一致。这说明此方法是可信的 ,值得进一步推广。     

Mesozoic-Cenozoic thermal history of Turpan-Hami Basin: apatite fission track constraints

Turpan HamiBasinisoneofthreekeyoil/gas bearingbasinsinXinjiang ,China .TheaeromagneticdatadisclosethatTurpan HamiBasinisofdoublebasements ,namelythePrecambriancrystalbasementandthePaleozoicfoldingbasementofvolcanicrockandclasticrock[1,2 ] .ThebasementevolutionstoppedattheendoftheCarboniferous .EarlyPermianwasaperiodofanimportanttectonictransitionintheTur pan HamiBasinthatunderwentatransformfromthebasementevolutiontothecoverevolutionstartingfromtheLatePermian[3] .Thebasinistotallyinlaidi…     

Mesozoic-Cenozoic thermal history of Turpan-Hami Basin: apatite fission track constraints

Apatite fission track dating is carried out on nine samples collected from the central part (Lianmuqin section) and from both northern and southern margins of Turpan-Hami Basin. The fission-track ages of seven Jurassic samples are distinctly younger than depositional ages. In contrast, the fission-track ages of two Cretaceous samples are older than, or as old as depositional ages. These observations indicate that the Jurassic samples have been annealed or partially annealed, whereas the Cretaceous samples have not been annealed.The further thermal modelling results show that Turpan-Hami Basin experienced a Late Cretaceous period (120-100 Ma) of tectonic uplift with rapid cooling and exhumation of sediments. The samples underwent a Cenozoic period of reburial and re-heating and were exhumed again at 10-8 Ma.     

用核裂变径迹法和热释光法研究瘦狗岭断裂活动年代

用核裂变径迹法和热释光法测定广州市郊瘦狗岭的断裂活动年代．结果表明：广州瘦狗岭断裂在中新代是处在较大规模较强烈的活动时期，而在第四纪早更新世及中更新世仍发生过较强烈的活动．最新的断裂活动是在４３×１０４ａ前．两种方法的数据可以互相印证     

Meso-Cenozoic uplifting and exhumation on Yunkaidashan： Evidence from fission track thermochronology

Yunkaidashan, located at the southern South China block (SCB) and closely adjacent to the Indochina block, is an ideal region for better understanding the temporal and spatial framework of tectonothermal overprinting at the southern SCB since Mesozoic. Apatite and zircon fission track thermochronology of various-type rocks from Yunkaidashan is presented in this paper. The results show, no matter what rocks are, the apparent ages of zircon fission track range from 97.4 to 133.0 Ma, and those of apatite fission track from 43.2 to 68.4 Ma. The length of apatite fission track yields an average confined track length of -13 μm andshows normal distribution of unimodal frequency. It is inferred that the uplifting amplitude has been more than 5 km in Yunkaidashan since late Mesozoic. The difference of fission track apparent ages at different locations in Yunkaidashan suggests a paleophysiognomic scenario of the heterogeneous uplift/denudation. These data of the fission track thermochronology provide new constraints for better understanding the tectonophysiognomic pattern of the SCB sincelate Mesozoic.     

Apatite fission track dating evidence for tectonic movement of Yarlung Zangbo Thrust Zone

Fission track geological chronology is an effective method of study on tectonic movement of fault zone. Apatite fission track (AFT) dating analyses of 9-apatite and 4-zircon samples collected from Lhasa to Langkazi, ~70-km-long in SN provide an understanding of the age and the uplifting of both sides of the Yarlung Zangbo Thrust Zone (YZTZ) in this work. The AFT ages range from ~37 to 14 Ma, indicating the time of major tectono-thermal events, i.e. the continent-continent collision along the YZTZ. Based on the relationship between the AFT ages and the sample elevations, there were two tectonic active periods: ~37—20 Ma and 20—14 Ma. In the first period the tectonic event did not bring on differential uplifting. Rapid differential uplifting with rapid cooling, resulting from thrusting, took place in the second period. The vertical displacement was ~1020 m and total ~2.9 km of overburden has been removed from the present-day surface since cooling below ~110℃ began. The maximum cooling and denudation occurred at a rate of ~7℃/Ma and ~207 m/Ma respectively since ~14 Ma. The zircon fission track analysis demonstrates that the temperature of tectono-thermal events did not exceed 310℃.     

Thermoluminescence and fission track impact features of rocks

Results of thermoluminescence (TL) measurement of quartz sandstone before and after impact using a two-stage light gas gun pressure apparatus indicate that, the TL of quartz sandstone decreases as the impact pressure increases, there exists a TL gradient from the outside to the inside around the impacted area, and the induced TL at the same location also has a TL gradient. Impact experiments were conducted under pressures of 12.4, 28.9, 37.8, 51.8, 64.6 and 77.6 GPa, respectively, and fission track density and fission track length before and after the impact were measured. Results demonstrate that the fission track density is decreased and the fission track length is shortened as the impact pressure is increased.     

Evidences of rapid erosion driven by climate in the Yarlung Zangbo （Tsangpo） Great Canyon, the eastern Himalayan syntaxis

Climate and tectonism are both particularly intense in the Yarlung Zangbo (Tsangpo) Great Canyon in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis,which is characterized by the most rapid landscape evolution of anywhere in the world.Thus,the eastern Himalayan syntaxis is one of the best locations to study the interactions between climate and tectonics.This paper investigates the cooling ages of the Doxong La-Baibung profile using apatite fission track (AFT) dating on 11 bedrock samples at elevations ranging from 4210 to 710 m.There are topographic,climatic,metamorphic,and thermochronological gradients in the profile,providing good conditions to study interactions between climate and tectonics.AFT ages ranged from 4.6±0.6 Ma to 1.7±0.3 Ma,and the mean fission track lengths ranged from 11.0 to 12.4 μm.It was found that the cooling rates revealed by AFT ages increased with decreasing elevation.However,the tendency of the cooling rates revealed by the 40 Ar-39 Ar ages was different from that indicated by the AFT ages.Moreover,for most districts of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis,the compiled AFT age distribution correlates well with the annual average precipitation,indicating the coupling of the cooling and erosion rates of the near-surface rock and precipitation.The geothermal history modeling results indicate an obvious increase in the cooling and erosion rate between 1.0 and 0.5 Ma.This age is consistent with other research findings for this time,when the vapor channel of the Yarlung Zangbo Great Canyon began to take effect.These evidences suggest that climate,especially precipitation,has acting as a key factor influencing the rapid cooling and erosion in the Yarlung Zangbo Great Canyon since 1-0.5 Ma.