三元Cu60Fe30Co10包晶合金的亚稳液相分离与快速凝固

利用落管技术和DSC热分析方法, 研究了三元Cu₆₀Fe₃₀Co₁₀包晶合金的亚稳液相分离现象和快速凝固过程. 发现该合金在1623.5 K发生亚稳液相分离, 形成了两个液相分别凝固为fcc结构的Cu(Fe,Co)固溶体和bcc结构的Fe(Cu,Co)固溶体. 落管中快速凝固条件下, 合金过冷度和冷却速率均随液滴直径的减小而增大. 一定的过冷度水平是发生亚稳液相分离的必要条件, 同时冷速大小直接影响凝固组织演变. 随着冷速增大, Fe(Cu,Co)相逐渐细化, 弥散分布于Cu(Fe,Co)相基体中. 计算分析了Fe(Cu,Co)小液滴在Cu(Fe,Co)液相基体中的Stokes运动和Marangoni迁移, 发现在落管中微重力条件下Marangoni迁移速率明显高于Stokes运动速率, Fe(Cu,Co)小液滴的运动主要由Marangoni迁移支配. 在同一过冷度下, VM/VS随Fe(Cu,Co)小液滴直径的减小而增大. 对相同尺寸的Fe(Cu,Co)小液滴, 过冷度越大, VM/VS越大     

弥散相液滴间相互作用对液-液相变形核过程的影响

以Al-Pb合金为例模拟研究了液-液相变过程中的微观组织演变. 结果表明弥散相液滴间的相互作用对其液滴形核有明显的影响, 随着冷却速率的增加和Pb含量的增多, 弥散相液滴间作用对形核的影响增强.     

Al-Bi过偏晶合金液-液相分离模拟与分析

采用Eulerian法建立过偏晶Al-Bi合金难混溶区凝固过程的数学模型,对过偏晶合金液-液相分解及分离的运动行为进行数值模拟研究,分析两相温度场、运动速度、浓度分布等物性参数对合金凝固显微组织演化的影响.结果表明:先形核的局部区域的过冷度是影响局部大尺寸液滴产生的重要原因;无重力条件下,Marangoni力驱动第二相小液滴向铸件中心区域迁移,导致偏晶合金不能均匀分布;浓度场的不均匀分布是产生宏观偏析的前提,定向运动最终导致两相的宏观分离.     

PbSnBi熔体液-液结构转变可逆性与凝固行为相关性研究

根据不同成分的PbSnBi三元合金熔体在温度诱导下发生液-液结构转变存在可逆与不可逆的差异,文章分别选取不可逆液-液结构转变的Pb3.82Sn6.18Bi90和可逆液-液结构转变的Pb26Sn42Bi32合金熔体,在不同温度诱导下对其凝固行为及组织进行了研究。结果表明,不可逆液-液结构转变后的Pb3.82Sn6.18Bi90合金熔体的结晶形核率和凝固过冷度较发生转变前增大,且初生相和共晶相组织明显细化;而可逆液-液结构转变的Pb26Sn42Bi32合金熔体对凝固行为及组织的影响不大;文中还就相关作用机理进行了讨论。     

液-液循环流化床制取流体冰雾化机理实验

对液-液系统射流雾化机理进行了实验研究.通过改变水的喷射速度和非相溶介质的流速,来研究不同条件对雾化的影响,利用高速摄像仪捕捉各种工况下的雾化结果.采用图像处理与数值计算相结合的方法对雾化结果进行了统计整理,对雾化过程中影响雾化液滴平均粒径、射锥高度以及雾化现象的关键因素进行了探讨,并应用Rosin-Rammler分布函数对液滴粒径分布进行了分析.结果表明:每种工况下的雾化液滴粒径存在着离散性,能很好地符合Rosin-Rammler分布规律;当非相溶介质流速保持不变时,雾化液滴统计平均粒径与射锥高度分别在喷射速度为2.3与 3.5m/s时,达到最大值;而在相同的喷射速度下,改变非相溶介质流速所得雾化结果也完全不同.喷射速度以及周围非相溶介质的流速是影响雾化结果的重要因素,合理选择其值对优化雾化性能及控制雾化过程有着重要的意义.     

水平稳恒磁场对Zn-10%Bi过偏晶合金第二相分布的影响

Zn-Bi过偏晶合金凝固过程中因液-液分离反应极易造成第二相偏析.磁场在过偏晶合金的凝固过程中具有抑制第二相液滴迁移的作用,在水平稳恒磁场中进行Zn-Bi过偏晶合金的水冷铜模浇铸实验,研究磁场方向与第二相液滴运动方向呈不同夹角时对偏晶合金凝固组织的影响,对不同方向磁场对液滴运动的作用机制进行分析.实验结果表明,水平稳恒磁场对富Bi相的Marangoni运动有一定的抑制作用,且磁场方向与富Bi液滴Marangoni运动方向平行时,磁场的作用效果最明显     

自由落体条件下三元Al-Cu-Ag合金的快速凝固

三元Al-30％Cu-18％Ag合金在自由落体条件下发生快速凝固,形成由θ（Al2Cu）,α（Al）和善（Ag2Al）三相组成的凝固组织．测定其固相面与液相面温度分别为778和827K,实验获得过冷度最大达△TMax=171K（0．20TL）．在对过冷行为和形核能力计算的基础上,分析了该合金快速凝固组织的演变规律．发现过冷度随合金液滴直径减小而呈指数形式增加,在整个过冷范围内,θ（Al2Cu）相的形核率最大,ξ（Ag2Al）相的形核率最小．当△T〈78K时,初生的θ（Al2Cu）相生成粗大枝晶;当78≤△T≤171K时,θ（Al2Cu）相晶粒细化,与α（Al）两相交替生长;当△T≥171K时,形成了以（θ＋α＋ξ）三元不规则共晶团为主要特征的凝固组织．     

钢液非均质形核触媒效用的点阵错配度理论

对钢液凝固温度下各种化合物基底与钢液凝固形核相(δ-Fe和γ-Fe)的二维错配度进行了计算,并对点阵错配度与钢液非均质形核触媒效用的关系进行了分析和讨论.结果表明:基底与形核相的错配度δ越小,越有利于非均质形核.凝固过冷度的对数与基底和形核相的二维错配度近似呈线性关系.基底与形核相的错配度δ<8%,非均质形核效用显著.     

固液反应球磨制备Al-Cu-Fe与Al-Si-Fe三元合金

利用固液反应球磨技术,采用Fe球球磨液态Al-Cu和A1-Si三元合金,研究了Al-Cu-Fe和Al-Si-Fe三元合金相形成规律.在923 K球磨液态的Al-33.2%Cu共晶合金,球磨48 h后,得到Al13Cu4Fe3的固相粉末;在943 K球磨Al-54%Cu(Al2Cu)合金熔体,球磨24 h后,Al2Cu的液相消失,得到了固相的Al65Cu20Fe15和Al13Cu4Fe3混合粉末;在963 K球磨Al-7%Si亚共晶合金熔体,球磨48 h后,Al-Si液相消失,得到固态的Al8Fe2Si合金粉末;在963 K球磨Al-12.6%Si共晶合金熔体,球磨48 h后,Al-Si的液相消失,得到固态的Al8Fe2Si粉末;在1133 K球磨Al-30%Si过共晶合金熔体,球磨24 h后,Al-Si的液相消失,得到固态的Al3FeSi合金粉末.在上述球磨中,若加入一定量的Fe粉,将加速反应进程.固液反应球磨产物是在打击剥离的过程中制得的.     

壳核组织形成过程的数值模拟研究

对空间环境条件下偏晶凝固过程中壳核组织的形成机制进行了数值模拟研究. 在总自由能中引入表面自由能项对H模型进行了修正, 使之能够描述表面偏析作用下的相分离. 选取Fe-Cu合金作为模型体系, 系统模拟了微重力状态下深过冷合金液滴的亚稳相分离过程, 揭示了表面偏析效应和温度梯度引起的Marangoni对流对微观组织演化的影响. 模拟结果表明, Fe₆₅Cu₃₅合金的相分离组织从弥散结构演化为3层壳核组织; Fe₅₀Cu₅₀合金经历了“双连续相→4层壳核→3层壳核”的组织演化; Fe35Cu65合金的组织由弥散结构向两层壳核组织演化. 偏析作用使得最外层总是富Cu相, 温度梯度引起的Marangoni对流决定了内部体相的组织演化过程.     

包晶凝固的研究现状及进展

目前人们对包晶凝固过程和机理的研究远没有单相和共晶体系那样深入,长期以来仅限于定性的描述,至今还没有形成较为完整的理论体系,也没有单相和共晶合金那样较成熟的凝固模型。本文评述了其近年来包晶凝固的理论、各种假设模型,讨论了定向凝固过程中组织,生长机制等。     

Phase-selection and metastable phase formation in highly undercooled eutectic Ni_(78.6)Si_(21.4)alloys

A large undercooling (250 K) was achieved in eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 melt by the combination of molten-glass denucleation and cyclic superheating. The metastable phase formation process in the bulk undercooled eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 melts was investigated. With the increase of undercooling, different metastable phases form in eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 melts and part of these metastable phases can be kept at room temperature through slow post-solidification. Under large undercooling, the metastable phases β2-Ni3Si, Ni31Si12 and Ni3Si2 were identified. Especially, the Ni3Si2 phase was obtained in eutectic Ni78.6 Si21.4 alloy for the first time. Based on the principle of free energy minimum and transient nucleation theory, the solidification behavior of melts was analyzed with regard to the metastable phase formation when the melts were in highly undercooled state.     

定向凝固包晶合金相和微观组织选择研究进展

综述了定向凝固包晶合金相和微观组织选择的理论模型和实验研究进展,分析相和微观组织的选择规律,同时讨论了对流对凝固微观组织的影响。依据国内外对包晶合金凝固的研究现状,提出进一步研究的方向。     

Phase transformation kinetics in metastable titanium alloys

We investigated the phase transformation sequence,kinetics,and microstructural evolutions during heating,isothermal treatment,and continuous cooling of the metastable Ti–B19 alloy.On the basis of these results,we summarized the phase transformation characteristics of this kind of alloys,especially the metastable b-Ti alloy.We also analyzed and discussed the possibility of describing the size,morphology,and distribution of precipitates as well as the possibility of and complications in establishing relationships among the chemical composition,microstructure,processing parameters,and properties of the metastable Ti–B19 alloy.     

快速凝固FGH95合金粉末中的碳化物及其稳定性

对快速凝固FGH95高温合金粉末中的碳化物及其稳定性进行实验研究,分析了粉末颗粒凝固过程中的热学参数和非平衡溶质分配对碳化物形成过程的影响.结果表明合金粉末中亚稳MC'型碳化物形态的几何完整度随粉末颗粒尺寸减小由规则形态向复杂多样化变化,碳化物在热处理时发生分解与合金元素再分配,其形态由复杂形状为主转变为规则形态的稳定MC型碳化物.     

大块准晶材料的制备

给出了一种大块准晶材料的制取方法,并且对所得材料的性能进行了研究。采用快速凝固制取几乎完全为二十面体相的准晶粉末,通过爆炸成形得到大块准晶材料。研究结果表明,在Al-Mn,Al-Cr和Al-Mn-Cr合金系列中,调整合金成分和冷却速度能够制得几乎完全为二十面体相的Al_(77.5)Mn_(22.5),Al_(82)Cr_(18)和Al_(78)Mn_(18)Cr_4准晶粉末,经爆炸成形后,所得的大块准晶材料仍然保持其二十面体相结构。     

Effect of Sr addition on the grain refinement of AZ31 magnesium alloys

The grain refinement mechanisms of Sr in the AZ31 magnesium alloys were studied by both phase diagram calculation and experimental analysis.The influence of Sr content on the solute distribution coefficients of Al and Zn during solidification was investigated in order to find out whether Sr addition can enhance the grain refinement efficiency brought by Al and Zn.The results showed that Sr addition can promote the segregation in liquid phases for both Al and Zn during solidification,therefore enhance the grain refinement effects by Al and Zn in AZ31 magnesium alloys.And the effect of Sr addition on the solute distribution coefficients for Al is larger than that of Zn.Sr addition can improve the GRF values by itself and also improve the GRF values of Al and Zn to the AZ31 magnesium alloys,and the grains are refined consequently.     

Reduction in secondary dendrite arm spacing in cast eutectic Al-Si piston alloys by cerium addition

The effects of Ce on the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and mechanical behavior of Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys were investigated. The reduction of SDAS at different Ce concentrations was evaluated in a directional solidification experiment via computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis (CA CCTA). -The results showed that 0.1wt%-1.0wt% Ce addition resulted in a rapid solidification time, △T_S, and low solidification temperature, △T_S, whereas 0.1wt% Ce resulted in a fast solidification time, △ta-Al, of the α-Al phase. Furthermore, Ce addition refined the SDAS, which was reduced to approximately 36%. The mechanical properties of the alloys with and without Ce were investigated using tensile and hardness tests. The quality index (Q) and ultimate tensile strength of (UTS) Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloys significantly improved with the addition of 0.1wt% Ce. Moreover, the base alloy hardness was improved with increasing Ce concentration.     

快速凝固工艺对AZ91HP镁合金腐蚀性能的影响

通过铜模铸造制备快速凝固的AZ91HP镁合金.利用失重法及动电位极化曲线研究了常规铸造AZ91HP和快速凝固AZ91HP镁合金样品在NaCl腐蚀介质中的耐腐蚀性能;通过金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）及X射线衍射（XRD）分析了腐蚀后合金微观组织及相结构.结果表明,快速凝固的AZ91HP镁合金具有更好的耐腐蚀性能.其主要原因是经快速凝固工艺后：①β-Mg17Al12相近似连续地分布于细小的α-Mg晶界上;②合金的元素分布更加均匀;③合金显微缩松减少.     

Solidification,microstructure, and mechanical properties of the as-cast ZRE1 magnesium alloy with different praseodymium contents

The influence of praseodymium (Pr) content on the solidification characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties of ZRE1 magnesium (Mg) cast alloy was investigated. The obtained solidification parameters showed that Pr strongly affected the solidification time, leading to refinement of the microstructure of the alloys. When the freezing time was reduced to approximately 52 s, the grain size decreased by 12%. Mg₁₂Zn (Ce,Pr) was formed as a new phase upon the addition of Pr and was detected via X-ray diffraction analysis. The addition of Pr led to a substantial improvement in mechanical properties, which was attributed to the formation of intermetallic compounds; the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength increased by approximately 10% and 13%, respectively. Pr addition also refined the microstructure, and the hardness was recovered. The results herein demonstrate that the mechanical properties of Mg alloys are strongly influenced by their microstructure characteristics, including the grain size, volume fraction, and distribution of intermetallic phases.