重载车辆排气引射抽尘器设计

利用发动机废气能量的通风散热除尘技术,考虑到动力舱空间限制的制约,为某型重载车辆优选设计了一种排气抽尘引射器.利用流体动力学数值仿真技术进行数值模拟计算,探讨引射器结构对引射系数的影响,得到了关键结构参数对引射系数的影响规律.据此,改进设计出5种排气引射器型式,使其引射性能得以改善;考虑到紧凑性、轻量化的设计要求,在满足通风散热要求的前提下,给出针对混合室工作段长度参量不同的设计方案的对比结果:混合室工作段长度在125mm附近时,引射器可达到最优引射效果.     

燃料电池车用离心叶轮型线参数化及多工况优化

以65kW燃料电池动力系统的高速无油润滑离心空压机为优化对象,采用Bezier曲线对其叶片型线进行参数化解析,依据超拉丁抽样方法获得遗传算法优化所需的样本空间,在此基础上建立Kigring近似模型进行多工况优化.寻优及CFD(计算流体动力学)数值计算结果显示,常用工况点和额定工况点等熵效率及压比均得到提高,且常用工况点改善更为显著.这表明传统内燃机车用离心增压器设计及优化时不能兼顾多工况性能结论不适用燃料电池汽车,叶轮性能空气动力学解析同样证实该结论具有理论基础.与基于叶轮几何参数的优化结果对比显示,基于叶片型线参数化的优化可以更加显著地改善离心空压机性能,是一种更加全面和有效的离心叶轮优化方法.     

质子交换膜燃料电池系统引射器的数值分析

基于CFD方法建立了应用于质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)阳极氢气循环系统引射器的三维数值模型,研究了其结构参数,如混合管直径、等压混合管收敛角、等容混合管长度、扩散管长度和角度对引射器回流比的影响.结果表明:回流比主要受二次回流管与吸入腔之间的压差和混合管进口面积影响;存在最佳的等压混合管收敛角、等容混合管长度和扩散管角度;扩散管长度和混合管直径越大,回流效率越高.     

基于CFD和RSM的船舶SCR脱硝装置结构优化

以某船舶选择性催化还原(SCR)系统为研究对象,将计算流体力学(CFD)与响应面法(RSM)相结合,获得了催化剂尺寸、混合室位置等结构参数对于流场、脱硝效率和氨逃逸率的影响规律.在此基础上以CFD数据为样本拟合响应函数,并通过求解响应函数极值的方法实现了SCR装置结构的小型化.数值模拟结果表明,混合室的设置提高了尿素与尾气混合均匀性.同时,随着SCR反应器尺寸缩小,脱硝效率和氨逃逸量分别下降和增加.通过RSM优化后的SCR反应器可缩小15.9%～45.2%,混合室的最佳位置为SCR前1.70～2.39 m处,优化后系统脱硝效率超过90%,氨逃逸量小于5×10~(-6).     

压裂混砂搅拌装置搅拌叶轮结构优化设计研究

为了提高压裂混砂搅拌装置的搅拌效果,以混砂搅拌装置混合时间为实验指标,针对搅拌叶轮的结构特点,采用正交实验及CFD数值模拟相结合的方法研究了搅拌叶轮的主要几何尺寸对混合时间的影响规律,得到了搅拌装置叶轮最佳结构参数,为搅拌叶轮结构优化设计提供了理论支撑。结果表明,搅拌叶轮的几何尺寸变化对混合时间具有一定的影响,其中,上叶轮直径影响最大,下叶轮直径和下叶轮导流筒与叶轮直径比值次之,上叶轮导流筒与叶轮直径比值影响相对较小;搅拌叶轮几何尺寸最优方案对应的混合时间最短,值为11.0 s。     

一种考虑壁面摩擦作用的发射井引射器设计方法

针对发射井优化设计问题,基于引射器函数方法提出了一种考虑壁面摩擦作用的发射井引射器准一维设计方法,建立了考虑壁面摩擦作用的引射器函数和静压协调函数.证明了考虑壁面摩擦作用时驻点速度小于声速,引射器不能达到第三极限,只能达到驻点极限.以实际算例分析了发动机总压、发射井横截面积、混合室出口压强变化时的引射器工作特性,画出了工作特性曲线.采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）方法,分别建模分析了发动机总压、发射井横截面积、混合室出口压强变化时发射井引射器中超声速射流流动形态,将CFD方法得到的混合室入口压强与准一维方法的结果进行了对比.结果表明,准一维方法得到的工作特性曲线与CFD方法的计算结果差距较小,在混合室背压变化时最大误差为4.31%,验证了准一维方法的准确性.      

质子交换膜燃料电池系统引射器的氢气循环特性

针对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)低、中、高三种典型工况,采用索科洛夫方法进行了氢气循环引射器主要结构尺寸的设计并建立了相应流体动力学模型.定义了测试用循环工况并进行了CFD模拟仿真,基于仿真数据进行了引射器工作特性曲线图的二维三次样条插值拟合及负载电流下各工作流约束压力值的计算.搭建了引射器循环工况Simulink仿真模型进行相应的仿真分析,据此提出了两级引射器阳极循环系统方案.仿真结果表明,两级引射器阳极循环系统可以满足PEMFC燃料电池0~300A全负载范围的工作需求,且具有较好的引射特性.     

燃料电池离心压缩机叶轮构型的参数优化及性能分析

为提升离心压缩机气动性能以满足燃料电池系统的需求，以某燃料电池离心压缩机叶轮为研究对象，选取叶轮进口倾角、叶片数、子午流道等型线控制点和叶片安装角分布控制点等关键构型参数作为优化变量，采用数值计算方法对离心压缩机叶轮气动性能进行模拟和优化。结合拉丁超立方抽样与BP神经网络拟合叶轮构型参数与气动性能的映射关系，以叶轮等熵效率最大为优化目标、总压比和功率等参数为约束，运用遗传算法对上述叶轮关键构型参数进行多参数寻优，并对优化前后叶轮的气动性能及其内部流动特性进行了对比分析。结果表明：在设计工况下，优化后叶轮等熵效率提高了3.90%,总压比为1.742,功率为8.53 kW,满足设计要求；叶轮的稳定运行工况范围变宽，并且在整个工况范围内叶轮的等熵效率也均得到提升；从流场分析可以发现，优化后叶轮轮盖侧高熵值区域缩小，叶片压力面及出口截面速度分布更均匀，低速气体团面积在不同流动方向上减小，叶道内流动分离得到抑制，验证了所提离心叶轮多参数优化设计方法的有效性。     

小型多喷管引射器试验研究

为了探索小型多喷管引射器综合性能的影响因素,对五喷管超音速引射器用实验的方法得到动量修正系数与引射系统尺寸的关系曲线.在不同主喷管分布圆直径、混合管长径比、主次流压比以及扩压比情况下,对多喷管引射系统动量损失系数进行了实验研究.结果表明;在所有工况下,引射性能随主次流压比和主流流量的增大而减小;随着主喷管数增加、喷管喉部直径减小、扩压管长度增加,引射器的性能在一定范围内得到提高.混合管长径比与主喷管分布方式的相互作用对引射性能的影响很大.     

CFD辅助液压集成块管网优化设计

针对液压集成块(HMB)的结构优化设计问题,应用计算流体动力学方法(CFD),从提高块内管网液流的性能品质出发,建立了求解区域的几何网格及三维瞬态数值模拟的初边值条件.通过对管网典型流道结构数值模拟,定性地分析了液流在正交管路中的流态,得到了典型流道的结构形式对液阻性能的影响规律,进而提出流道在几何结构上的改进措施.HMB管网内流系统三维数值模拟结果表明,采用CFD方法研究HMB流道中典型结构的设计问题可以较准确地获得管网流场的基本结构特征,得到较为理想的管道布局结构,有效提高块体结构优化设计品质.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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