新型调剖堵水用复合交联剂研究

复合交联剂由高价有机金属盐、 碳酸衍生物及造纸废液中低价有机金属盐按一定比例复合而成。该复合交联剂具有交联时间可调、 交联强度可控的特点。重复实验数据表明,高价金属盐与碳酸衍生物或低价有机金属盐单独作用时交联性能较差,三种物质按一定比例复合使用时聚合物（如水解聚丙烯酰胺）凝胶时间可调(1～60h)、凝胶强度可控[(5～50)?04mPa?s],表现出突出的延缓凝胶作用效果,便于现场施工过程控制和提高成功率。机理分析认为,诱导作用是复合交联剂起延缓交联作用的关键。     

新型耐温抗盐聚合物增黏剂的合成及性能评价

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和阳离子单体二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,在交联剂N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和水溶性偶氮引发剂存在的条件下,采用溶液聚合法合成了阳离子型水凝胶。根据高分子间异性电荷静电相吸的分子复合原理,将阳离子型水凝胶溶液与阴离子型HPAM溶液复配成复合型聚合物。对复合型聚合物的增黏、耐温、热稳定、耐盐和剪切流变性进行了评价。结果表明,阳离子型水凝胶溶液的加入可以提高HPAM溶液的黏度,当阳离子型水凝胶溶液和HPAM溶液质量浓度均为2 000 mg/L、阳离子度为5%、体积比为1∶1时,其增黏效果最好。25℃时,在剪切速率为170 s-1的条件下,黏度由单一HPAM溶液的31.1 mPa·s增加到复合溶液的46.8 mPa·s。研究表明,复合溶液具有良好的耐温、耐盐性能,其热稳定和剪切流变性能都得到了明显的改善。     

高温高盐可动凝胶配方研究与应用

通过室内实验,研究了聚合物分子量、聚合物浓度、交联剂用量及pH值等因素对耐高温有机交联剂HT-2008与高分子量星形抗温耐盐聚合物CA-2588形成的凝胶黏度和成胶时间的影响,确定了尕斯库勒E_3~1油藏高温高盐可动凝胶调驱体系的基本配方及性能;环境扫描电镜结果表明,高分子量星形抗温耐盐聚合物CA-2588和耐高温有机交联剂HT-2008能够形成稳定的互穿网络体型结构,该可动凝胶体系,在矿化度为117 000 mg/L(且钙镁离子含量高达3 340 mg/L)、pH值为7.80、实验温度为126℃条件下,5 d时的黏度达到最高值43 900mPa·s,180 d时凝胶黏度为43 500 mPa·s,耐温耐盐性能好,稳定性好;在尕斯库勒油田E_3~1油藏进行深部调驱现场应用后,取得预期效果。     

生物高分子HCP与聚丙烯酰胺HPAM的交联性能与应用

研制了一种生物高分子交联剂HCP,并使其与部分水解聚丙烯酰胺HPAM的水溶液进行交联.通过光度分析、室内岩心实验及测试电导率和粘度等方法评价了交联聚合物的性能.实验结果表明,交联剂HCP与HPAM之间的确可以产生交联作用,而且交联得到的凝胶具有良好的增粘、耐温性能;交联产物可以用于窜聚井的封窜和注聚井剖面调整.     

一种复合交联剂的制备和应用

利用水溶性酚醛树脂和高价金属盐制备了一种复合交联剂。该复合交联剂制备方便,无刺激性气味。选用部分水解聚丙烯酰胺体系对该复合交联剂的成胶性能进行系统考察,证实其用量为0.1%,~0.3%,时,成胶强度较单一酚醛类交联剂显著增加,通过调节聚合物交联剂比例,其成胶强度可达5,000~20,000,m Pa·s,成胶温度在60~120,℃范围内,成胶时间8~48,h可控,成胶强度可保持2月以上,成胶稳定性良好。     

一种低温锆弱凝胶调剖剂的研制

针对温度低于50℃的高含水油藏,研制出了一种聚合物/有机锆弱凝胶调剖剂.该调剖剂以部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)为主剂,以自制有机锆YJ-1为交联剂,在35～50℃温度下能形成稳定的弱凝胶.该弱凝胶调剖剂配方为:800～1 500 mg/L HPAM,500～1 000 mg/L有机锆YJ-1交联剂,500～800 mg/L稳定剂.该体系适合的矿化度在50 000 mg/L以下,pH值4～9.该调剖剂成胶时间和凝胶黏度可调,岩心封堵率大于96%.     

新型耐温堵水调剖剂的研制与性能评价

HPAM凝胶是目前国内外采用最广泛、最有效的化学堵水调剖剂,其中苯酚/甲醛体系是HPAM凝胶类堵水调剖剂最常用的交联剂。但是苯酚/甲醛交联剂气味和毒性较大,尤其是高致癌性,严重限制了其在现场的应用。首先,在室内合成了低毒水溶性的羟甲基多酚THMBPA;其次,以THMBPA为交联剂主剂,以多乙烯多胺TET为交联剂辅剂,研究了部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺HPAM与THMBPA/TET复合交联剂的凝胶动力学,考察了p H值、复合交联剂配比、温度对成胶时间和凝胶长期稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,在120℃下,该凝胶体系的成胶时间可在10~120 h范围内任意调节。在120℃下凝胶可稳定存在90 d,在90℃下可稳定存在100 d。     

磷酸酯/Fe3+型油基冻胶压裂液性能研究

针对磷酸酯/Al3+交联的油基压裂液交联速度慢,交联剂溶解性慢、稳定性差和价格高等缺点,首次对磷酸酯/Fe3+交联的油基压裂液体系进行了研究。通过对铁交联剂体系的优化,筛选一种磷酸酯/Fe3+交联的新型交联剂体系,并对磷酸酯/Fe3+油基冻胶压裂液性能进行了评价。结果表明:采用30%Fe2(SO4)3+15%二乙醇胺+55%水制备的新型交联剂体系,直接与磷酸酯混合即可形成油基冻胶,其性能不受放置时间的影响,交联速度快,成胶性能好,10 min就可达到最大黏度;压裂液的抗温抗剪切性能高,与常规铝交联剂体系比较,压裂液成胶速度提高了20倍,压裂液的抗温能力由原来100℃提高到135℃,并且压裂液的破胶性和滤失性等性能均能达到压裂施工的要求。     

pH值对于表面硼改性纳米二氧化钛交联剂交联性能的影响

传统有机硼交联羟丙基瓜胶 （HPG）冻胶压裂液体系具有稠化剂用量大,压裂施工成本高,压裂残渣多,裂缝导流能力差等诸多缺点。为了达到降低压裂液稠化剂用量、提高压裂施工效果的目的, 采用“两步法”制备了一种表面硼改性的纳米二氧化钛颗粒 （NCC）作为HPG压裂液交联剂。研究了pH值对于NCC交联HPG冻胶耐温性能的影响,结果表明随着pH值的增加,NCC冻胶压裂液的耐温性能先增大后减小。所形成的冻胶压裂液在pH=12时耐温性能最佳。与传统有机硼交联剂相比,NCC可大大减小稠化剂用量,NCC交联的0.3 wt.% HPG冻胶在pH值为8~14的范围内均能保持良好的耐温性能。利用扫描电镜表征了NCC冻胶在不同pH值条件下的交联形貌及交联结构,结果表明,在pH值为12时,NCC冻胶微观形貌最致密。     

pH对于表面硼改性纳米二氧化钛交联剂交联性能的影响

传统有机硼交联羟丙基瓜胶(HPG)冻胶压裂液体系具有稠化剂用量大,压裂施工成本高,压裂残渣多,裂缝导流能力差等诸多缺点。为了达到降低压裂液稠化剂用量、提高压裂施工效果的目的,采用"两步法"制备了一种表面硼改性的纳米二氧化钛颗粒(NCC)作为HPG压裂液交联剂。研究了pH对于NCC交联HPG冻胶耐温性能的影响,结果表明随着pH的增加,NCC冻胶压裂液的耐温性能先增大后减小。所形成的冻胶压裂液在pH=12时耐温性能最佳。与传统有机硼交联剂相比,NCC可大大减小稠化剂用量,NCC交联的0.3wt%HPG冻胶在pH值8~14的范围内均能保持良好的耐温性能。利用扫描电镜表征了NCC冻胶在不同pH值条件下的交联形貌及交联结构,结果表明,在pH为12时,NCC冻胶微观形貌最致密。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.