铁矿粉液相流动性的主要液相生成特征因素解析

烧结矿是我国高炉炼铁的主要原料,烧结矿质量将直接影响高炉冶炼及炼铁工序的经济技术指标.因此,基于铁矿粉的高温特性进行优化配矿从而改善烧结矿的产质量对于炼铁工序节能增效具有十分重要的现实意义.铁矿粉的液相流动性是非常重要的烧结高温特性指标,适宜的液相流动性可以使烧结矿获得较高的固结强度.本文模拟实际烧结黏附粉层中铁矿粉颗粒与钙质熔剂质点的接触状态,采用FastSage热力学计算和微型烧结可视化试验方法研究了固定CaO配比条件下铁矿粉的液相流动性及其主要的热力学液相生成特征影响因素.研究结果表明,采用固定CaO配比与固定碱度的熔剂配加方式下,铁矿粉的液相流动性规律明显不同.铁矿粉的液相生成量是影响其液相流动性的最主要液相生成特征因素,液相生成量越多则铁矿粉的液相流动性指数越大.铁矿粉液相流动性的配合性机制是基于其液相生成量的线性叠加原则.脉石矿物含量将在一定程度上影响铁矿粉的液相流动性,随着SiO2含量的升高铁矿粉的液相生成量减少,从而导致液相流动性指数显著降低;而Al2 O3含量增加,液相流动性指数略有升高.     

各种铁矿粉的同化性及其互补配矿方法

对来自巴西、澳大利亚、南非以及国产的19种铁矿粉的同化性进行了实验测定和考察分析,在此基础上研究了基于铁矿粉同化性的互补配矿方法,并设计了九组烧结优化配矿方案.结果表明:(1)不同类型铁矿粉的同化性存在显著差异,巴西赤铁矿和国产磁铁矿的同化性低,而澳大利亚含结晶水的赤铁矿的同化性高;(2)铁矿粉的烧损含量、气孔率和Al2O3含量等与其同化能力呈正相关关系;(3)SiO2和Al2O3以黏土形式存在的铁矿粉呈现出同化性较高的特征;(4)铁矿物晶粒小的铁矿石有相对高的同化性;(5)采用本研究的配矿方法,当劣质铁矿粉用量达50%水平时,仍可获得烧结技术指标和冶金性能优良的烧结矿,显示出基于同化性的互补配矿技术的有效性和优越性.     

物料配比对铝酸钙炉渣浸出和自粉性能的影响

将CaO,SiO2和Al2O3按不同配比混合,在1 500℃煅烧1 h、降温速度为5℃/min下合成了铝酸钙炉渣,主要物相为-γ2CaO.SiO2和12CaO.7Al2O3;并通过XRD和马尔文激光粒度仪研究了铝酸钙炉渣的C/A(除去和SiO2结合成2CaO.SiO2之外的n(CaO)/n(Al2O3))和A/S(w(Al2O3)/w(SiO2))对其物相组成和自粉性能的影响.结果表明:炉渣的C/A<1.5时有难浸物质钙铝黄长石2CaO.Al2O3.SiO2生成,降低了炉渣的浸出率和自粉性能,提高C/A可以消除其生成,C/A=1.6~1.9时,炉渣的浸出和自粉性能良好.炉渣的A/S对物相组成影...     

Al2O3含量对烧结初始液流动行为的影响

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,初始液相流动行为是烧结矿固结效果的重要影响因素。采用微型烧结法,探讨了Al2O3含量对初始液相流动行为的影响,并通过对初始液相微观结构的解析,揭示了Al2O3含量对初始液相气孔分布和结构的影响规律。实验结果表明,初始液相的流动性指数随着Al2O3含量提高而降低。水淬试样的XRD实验结果结果证实,Al2O3含量的增加提高了复合铁酸钙的稳定性,降低了初始液相的流动能力。此外,初始液相流动性亦会对气孔性质产生影响。高Al2O3初始液相中气孔结构不规则程度提高,且小于50μm气孔数目也随之增多。     

铁矿粉烧结液相流动特性

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,铁矿粉与CaO反应生成的液相的流动特性,是衡量烧结混合料能否有效粘结的重要指标之一.采用微型烧结法和基于流动面积的粘度测量法,以10种常用进口铁矿粉为对象,研究其液相流动特性及其影响因素.分析了铁矿粉的液相流动特性对实际烧结过程的影响.结果表明:不同种类的铁矿粉由于其自身特性的不同,所生成的液相的流动能力及其随温度、碱度的变化规律有很大差异.     

铁矿粉烧结液相流动性能的特征数方程的建立

为解决在研究铁矿粉烧结液相流动性能时通常只考虑面积增长率这一终点信息,而没有考虑过程信息的缺陷以及采用多个指标来表征流动性能在使用上的不便,对影响流动性的因素进行了分析,结合量纲分析和白金汉定理推导出了能定量表征流动性强弱的流动性特征数(LD),简化特征数方程后得到等效流动性特征数(LdΘ)。试验采用了可视卧式高温炉,记录了铁矿粉烧结液相流动的整个过程信息,通过基础实验和对照实验确定液相流动的起点和终点之后,可以得到每一种矿粉相应的等效流动性特征数数值。测量5种铁矿粉在两种方法下的流动性指标,当只考虑面积增长率时的流动性强弱顺序为AC≈DBE,新方法下为LdΘALdΘDLdΘC≈LdΘELdΘB,两种方法下的指标相近,但是综合了各种重要信息的新指标能进一步区分出各个因素对流动性能的影响程度。     

基于n(Fe_2O_3)/n(CaO)的铁矿粉烧结液相流动性测定方法

针对以碱度(R=w(CaO)/w(SiO_2),w为质量分数)控制混合料CaO的添加量的铁矿粉液相流动性检测方法(R值法)在评价SiO_2质量分数不同的铁矿粉时结论与烧结生产存在差异的问题,提出以混合料铁钙的物质的量比(n(Fe_2O_3)/n(CaO))控制CaO添加量的铁矿粉液相流动性检测方法(N值法)。分别以化学纯试剂和铁矿粉为原料,对比研究了R值法和N值法对液相流动性指数检测结果的影响;并基于2种检测结果进行优化配矿—烧结杯试验。研究结果表明:R值法测得液相流动性指数与铁矿粉中SiO_2质量分数有明显的线性正相关关系,掩盖了铁矿粉真实的液相流动特性;N值法可以显著减小SiO_2含量对铁矿粉液相流动性指数的影响。基于N值法的优化配矿—烧结产质量指标与R值法相比,成品率、利用系数、转鼓强度分别提高4.62%,0.11 t/(m~2·h)和1.91%,固体燃耗降低1.96 kg/t。     

高配比高铝褐铁矿烧结成矿机理

以某高铝褐铁矿配比为60%~70%,配加其他含铁原料进行烧结,通过调节水碳、优化配矿等措施改善烧结产质量指标,并对烧结成矿机理进行分析。实验结果表明:Fe2O3和Al2O3分别与CaO反应时,2CaO·Fe2O3比3CaO·Al2O3及12CaO·7Al2O3更容易生成;当CaO,Al2O3,SiO2和Fe2O3四元矿物存在时,烧结过程优先生成2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2(钙铝黄长石)和4CaO·Al2O3·Fe2O3,并进一步形成SFCA,这与烧结矿SEM结果相一致;虽然烧结矿具有较多的孔洞和裂纹,但烧结矿具有良好的微观结构和冶金性能,可以满足中、小型高炉冶炼的生产要求。     

铁矿粉烧结液相流动性评价

烧结矿靠流动的液相粘结未熔物获得强度,液相流动能力是铁矿粉的一个烧结基础特性. 本文提出评价铁矿粉烧结过程中液相流动性的两个新指标,即"基于温度分布的液相流动面积"以及"液相流动对温度的敏感性",并给出这两个指标相应的计算式以便正确把握烧结过程液相行为及优化烧结配矿.     

铁矿粉与 CaO同化能力的试验研究

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,矿石与CaO发生同化反应而生成低熔点液相的能力是衡量烧结矿同结状况的重要指标之一.在试验的基础上研究了13种常用的进口铁矿粉的同化温度和同化时间,对影响铁矿粉同化能力的因素进行了理论分析,并给出了对铁矿粉的这一烧结基础特性在烧结过程中具体应用的结果.     

Influence of gangue existing states in iron ores on the formation and flow of liquid phase during sintering

Gangue existing states largely affect the high-temperature characteristics of iron ores. Using a micro-sintering method and scanning electron microscopy, the effects of gangue content, gangue type, and gangue size on the assimilation characteristics and fluidity of liquid phase of five different iron ores were analyzed in this study. Next, the mechanism based on the reaction between gangues and sintering materials was unraveled. The results show that, as the SiO₂ levels increase in the iron ores, the lowest assimilation temperature (LAT) decreases, whereas the index of fluidity of liquid phase (IFL) increases. Below 1.5wt%, Al₂O₃ benefits the assimilation reaction, but higher concentrations proved detrimental. Larger quartz particles increase the SiO₂ levels at the local reaction interface between the iron ore and CaO, thereby reducing the LAT. Quartz-gibbsite is more conductive to assimilation than kaolin. Quartz-gibbsite and kaolin gangues encourage the formation of liquid-phase low-Al₂O₃-SFCA with high IFL and high-Al₂O₃-SFCA with low IFL, respectively.     

Thermodynamic analysis of the carbothermic reduction of a high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore by FactSage

A thermodynamic analysis of the carbothermic reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore (HPOIO) was conducted by the FactSage thermochemical software. The effects of temperature, C/O ratio, additive types, and dosages both on the reduction of fluorapatite and the formation of liquid slag were studied. The results show that the minimum thermodynamic reduction temperature of fluorapatite by carbon decreases to about 850°C, which is mainly ascribed to the presence of SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe. The reduction rate of fluorapatite increases and the amount of liquid slag decreases with the rise of C/O ratio. The reduction of fluorapatite is hindered by the addition of CaO and Na₂CO₃, thereby allowing the selective reduction of iron oxides upon controlled C/O ratio. The thermodynamic results obtain in the present work are in good agreement with the experimental results available in the literatures.     

Acting mechanism of F,K, and Na in the solid phase sintering reaction of the Baiyunebo iron ore

The effect of F, K, and Na on the solid phase reaction of the Baiyunebo iron ore was investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It has been identified that alkaline elements K and Na in the Baiyunebo ore instigate the formation of low melting point compounds Na₂SiO₃ and Na₂O·Fe₂O₃ and the generation of molten state in the solid phase sintering. Element F in the Baiyunebo ore facilitates the formation of cuspidine compound 3CaO·2SiO₂·CaF₂ in the solid phase reaction. The cuspidine compound is kept in solid as one of the final products through the entire sintering process due to its high melting point. In the sintering process, CaF₂ and SiO₂ react with CaO first and form 3CaO·2SiO₂·CaF₂ and 3CaO·2SiO₂, so the formation of ferrites, Na₂O·Fe₂O₃, and 2CaO·Fe₂O₃ is inhibited.     

Al2O3对高炉渣物化性能影响的理论分析

随着优质铁矿资源的消耗,钢铁企业可利用的铁矿原料品位逐渐降低。因此,高铝质铁矿资源越来越受到钢铁企业的关注,但高铝原料在高炉冶炼过程中会带来渣铁黏稠、炉温偏低、冶炼安全等一系列问题。本研究中采用FactSage热力学软件分析Al₂O₃质量分数对高炉渣平衡物相、熔化温度、相析出温度的影响以及高铝渣液相区变化和黏度变化,旨在为高炉冶炼高铝原料提供一定的基础支撑。研究发现：炉渣为低铝（5%～10%）含量时,随着Al₂O₃含量增加,炉渣熔化温度升高,析出相为黄长石相和纯物质相,高炉渣黏度变化不大,炉渣中SiO₂含量高,炉渣黏度过高,不适合高炉冶炼;炉渣为中铝（10%～15%）含量时,随着Al₂O₃含量增加,炉渣熔化温度升高,析出相为尖晶石相、黄长石相和纯物质相,高炉渣黏度增加幅度略有提高,Al₂O₃含量对高炉渣性质影响较小,增加炉渣二元碱度对炉渣黏度降低效果较明显;炉渣为高铝（15%～30%）含量时...     

Ore-blending optimization model for sintering process based on characteristics of iron ores

An ore-blending optimization model for the sintering process is an intelligent system that includes iron ore characteristics, expert knowledge and material balance. In the present work, 14 indices are proposed to represent chemical composition, granulating properties and high temperature properties of iron ores. After the relationships between iron ore characteristics and sintering performance are established, the "two-step" method and the simplex method are introduced to build the model by distinguishing the calculation of optimized blending proportion of iron ores from that of other sintering materials in order to improve calculation efficiency. The ore-blending optimization model, programmed by Access and Visual Basic, is applied to practical production in steel mills and the results prove that the present model can take advantage of the available iron ore resource with stable sinter yield and quality performance but at a lower cost.     

铁矿粉烧结粘结相自身强度特性

在铁矿粉烧结过程中,熔化的矿粉在冷却过程中起着粘结周围未熔矿粉的作用,因此这一粘结相的自身强度是衡量烧结矿固结状况的重要指标之一.运用这一新概念,以八种常用的铁矿粉为对象,在固定温度、改变碱度的条件下进行了粘结相自身强度特性的实验研究,并对影响铁矿粉粘结相自身强度的因素进行了理论分析.结果表明:不同种类的铁矿粉由于其自身特性的不同,所生成的烧结粘结相的强度以及随二元碱度的变化规律有明显差异.以此可以作为烧结优化配矿的重要技术依据.     

基于铁矿粉烧结基础性能的优化配矿研究

以提高烧结矿性能为目标,对国内两种铁矿粉以及国外三种铁矿粉进行了同化性能、液相流动性能、粘结相强度三个方面分析研究,并据烧结矿各项性能指标制定出配矿方案进行优化实验,探寻最佳配矿比例。结果表明,五种铁矿粉中自产矿的各项性能最优,其他四种铁矿粉的各项烧结基础性能优势各不相同。其次,根据实验结果制定出优化配矿方案,对比混合矿的各项基础特性,得出最优化配矿方案：自产矿为50%,鞍千矿为20%,巴西B为15%,澳矿为10%,巴西A为5%,为现场烧结生产提供了理论依据。     

Effectiveness of sodium silicate as gangue depressants in iron ore slimes flotation

The recovery of iron from the screw classifier overflow slimes by direct flotation was studied. The relative effectiveness of sodium silicates with different silica-to-soda mole ratios as depressants for silica and silicate bearing minerals was investigated. Silica-to-soda mole ratio and silicate dosage were found to have significant effect on the separation efficiency. The results show that an increase of Fe content in the concentrate is observed with concomitant reduction in SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ levels when a particular type of sodium silicate at a proper dosage is used. The concentrate of 58.89wt% Fe, 4.68wt% SiO₂, and 5.28wt% Al₂O₃ with the weight recovery of 38.74% and the metal recovery of 41.13% can be obtained from the iron ore slimes with 54.44wt% Fe, 6.72wt% SiO₂, and 6.80wt% Al₂O₃, when Na₂SiO₃ with a silica-to-soda mole ratio of 2.19 is used as a depressant at a feed rate of 0.2 kg/t.