控制电位氧化法铅阳极泥脱砷

采用压缩空气和双氧水作氧化剂,通过控制氢氧化钠体系中的电位来氧化浸出铅阳极泥中的砷。试验中考察电位、NaOH浓度、反应温度、反应时间和液固质量比对脱砷效果的影响,确定碱性浸出过程中预脱砷的最佳工艺条件:NaOH浓度为2 mol/L,温度为80℃,液固质量比为5:1,通入0.2 MPa的压缩空气4 h后用双氧水调节体系的电位至-180 mV,反应时间为2 h。在此条件下,砷的浸出率可达98%以上。碱浸液经冷却过滤掉结晶砷酸钠后,返回浸出过程,砷的浸出率达98%以上,实现碱浸液的循环利用以及砷与其他金属的有效分离。     

次氯酸钠一步法从磷酸富砷渣中浸砷的工艺研究

为解决传统浸砷工艺的浸出率低和操作时间长等问题,利用次氯酸钠溶液中OH-的溶砷作用和ClO-的氧化脱硫功能,用次氯酸钠溶液作浸出剂,研究磷酸富砷渣中砷浸出时次氯酸钠溶液用量、浸出温度以及浸出时间对砷浸出率和浸出液中AsS33-氧化脱硫程度的影响规律。结果表明,与传统的碱浸和空气氧化浸出工艺相比,次氯酸钠溶液一步法的浸出时间由原来的十多个小时缩短到10 min。在次氯酸钠的用量为理论用量的4倍、浸出时间为10 min、浸出温度为30℃时,砷浸出率达98.52%,浸出液中AsS33-的硫被完全氧化脱出,实现了砷高效浸出和硫完全脱出的一步法工艺。     

氨浸法从含砷石灰铁盐渣中回收锌的动力学研究

采用氨浸法回收含砷石灰铁盐渣中锌,研究了不同浸取剂、浸取剂的组成、总氨浓度、氨水与铵盐配比、液固比等工艺条件对锌浸出效果的影响,分析了锌的浸出动力学.结果表明:以氨水和碳酸铵组成的浸取体系为浸取剂,当总氨浓度为5 mol/L,氨-铵盐摩尔浓度比为2∶3,液固比为4∶1时,锌的浸出率为56.21%.由宏观模型得出锌的浸出在温度为288～323 K内遵循"未反应核缩减"模型,受内扩散控制,浸出动力学方程为:1-2α3-(1-α)2/3=232×exp(-32245/RT)t,浸出表观活化能为32.24 kJ/mol.     

高砷河道尾砂还原焙烧脱砷研究

【目的】对河道尾砂富集分离形成的高砷尾砂进行脱砷处理,使之达到高炉冶炼的要求。【方法】在前期氧化焙烧脱砷研究的基础上,分别采用煤基还原焙烧工艺和气基还原焙烧工艺对含砷量为0.47%的河道尾砂氧化焙烧渣进行脱砷试验。考察焙烧温度、时间、还原气氛CO/(CO+CO_2)和空气流速等主要影响因子对脱砷效果的影响。【结果】气基还原焙烧的脱砷效果优于煤基还原焙烧。气基还原焙烧的适宜条件:焙烧温度900℃、焙烧时间约30min、CO/(CO+CO_2)浓度20%、气体流量0.5m3/h;在适宜的气基还原焙烧条件下,焙烧尾砂中砷的含量可降至0.058%,脱砷率达87.66%。【结论】经气基还原焙烧工艺得到的河道尾砂还原焙烧渣能满足高炉炼铁的要求。     

苛性碱溶液氧压浸出高砷锑烟尘

对苛性碱溶液氧压浸出高砷锑烟尘进行研究,考察NaOH浓度、O2分压、温度、浸出时间和液固质量比等因素对砷、锑和铅浸出行为的影响。研究结果表明:在火法处理铅阳极泥产出的高砷锑烟尘中,砷、锑的主要物相分别为As2O3和Sb2O3,锑也有少量以Sb2O5存在;在苛性碱溶液氧压浸出高砷锑烟尘过程中,As(Ⅲ)氧化为溶解度更大的As(Ⅴ)进入溶液,同时Sb(Ⅲ)氧化为Sb(Ⅴ),并形成难溶化合物Sb2O3·2Sb2O5、Pb2Sb2O7和NaSb(OH)6,进入浸出渣中;实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:NaOH质量浓度40 g/L,O2分压2.0 MPa,浸出温度140℃,浸出时间2 h,液固质量比10。在此条件下,As的浸出率可达95%以上,而Sb和Pb的浸出率均小于1.0%。     

砷滤饼制备砷酸铜的影响因素及工艺优化

采用氢氧化钠溶液浸出硫化砷滤饼,有效实现As与Cu和Bi等金属的分离,对浸出液经氧化脱硫后配入黑铜泥的酸性浸出液制备砷酸铜.研究结果表明:当NaOH的浓度为1.5mol/L、液固比10∶1、反应温度70℃、反应时间1.5h、搅拌速度为400r/min时,硫化砷滤饼中As的浸出率达到96.56%,Cu浸出率仅为0.12%;经氢氧化钠浸出,浸出渣中Cu、Bi的质量分数分别从原来15.93%和1.96%增加到56.31%和6.92%,使Cu和Bi得到高度富集;所制备的砷酸铜w(Cu)>29.8%,w(As)>26.19%,砷酸铜的结构式为Cu5As4O15.9H2O.     

无污染砷碱渣处理技术工业试验

以锑冶炼产生的砷碱渣为原料,在80 ℃下,搅拌约2 h浸出脱锑;在脱锑后液中通入二氧化碳气体,脱除碳酸盐;调整脱碱后液的pH值,在酸性条件下加入适量的硫化钠脱除砷."无污染砷碱渣处理技术"工业试验结果表明:锑和铅的回收率分别达到99.0%和99.6%;砷、碱和硫酸钠的浸出率分别达到90%,99%和100%;碳酸盐中碱含量达到95%,砷含量在1%左右;砷硫化物中砷含量达到37%;在脱砷过程中产生的少量硫化氢采用氢氧化钠溶液吸收,吸收液返回脱砷系统;水溶液闭路循环,无废水外排;锑精矿、碳酸盐返回锑冶炼;砷硫化物、硫酸钡作为产品销售.采用该技术无废气、废水、废渣产生,工艺流程简单,操作条件容易控制,设备投资少.     

从磷酸废砷渣中回收砷的碱浸工艺研究

根据目前广西区大量砷渣得不到有效利用的现状,以磷酸净化过程中产生的含砷废渣为原料,通过物相分析确定了碱浸出法回收砷的工艺,考察了浸出温度、摩尔比、液固比和反应时间等工艺条件对砷浸出率的影响。结果表明,n(NaOH)∶n(As2S3)是影响砷浸出率的主要因素,较适宜的碱浸工艺条件为:浸出温度为70℃,n(NaOH)∶n(As2S3)=6.0∶1,液固比=6.0∶1,反应时间为30 min,在此条件下砷浸出率可达97.1%。在现有基础上,该工艺为磷酸废砷渣的综合利用提供了一条简单高效的技术路线。     

三相流态化浸出锑精炼渣的研究

本文对锑精炼渣进行了三相流态化浸出的小型及扩大试验研究,探讨了锑精炼渣水浸分离砷锑的控制环节。考察了锑精炼渣浆的流变特性,讨论了温度、粒度、时间液固比等因素对浸出过程的影响。小型及扩大试验均表明,在常温和液固比为2.0的条件下浸出30min,砷浸出率可达97%。三相流态化浸出可在低液固比下进行,能强化浸出过程,缩短浸出时间。     

不同脱砷剂钢液脱砷研究

为了充分利用我国含砷铁矿资源，采用CaO+CaF2、CaC2+CaF和Si-Ca-Ba合金+CaF2对钢液进行脱砷研究，获得较高的脱砷率，其中Si-Ca-Ba合金+CaF2脱砷效果最明显，其脱砷率最高可达67.7%.在相同实验操作条件下，通过实验室研究，分析比较了温度、传质系数和S含量对不同脱砷剂脱砷效果的影响.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.