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1.
改性膨润土对水中敌百虫和敌敌畏的吸附性能研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
研究了用季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂四甲基氯化铵(TMAC)、四乙基氯化铵(TEAC)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性的膨润土对有机磷农药敌百虫和敌敌畏的吸附性能。结果表明,用阳离子表面活性剂改性的膨润土的层间距和有机碳含量与改性时所用表面活性剂种类有关;改性膨润土对水中敌百虫和敌敌畏的吸附能力优于原土,并且吸附量随阳离子表面活性剂碳链的增长而增大;同一长链阳离子表面活性剂改性的膨润土对敌敌畏的吸附能力大于敌百虫;温度升高不利于敌百虫和敌敌畏在改性膨润土上的吸附。  相似文献   

2.
以十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(1831)为改性剂,制得有机阳离子改性膨润土.研究了有机膨润土投加量、吸附时间、废水pH值及废水初始浓度对甲基橙废水脱色率的影响.实验结果表明,有机阳离子改性膨润土投加量为1.5g/L,吸附时间为60min,废水pH值为8.0,废水初始浓度为100mg/L时,有机阳离子改性膨润土对甲基橙废水的脱色率达到98.08%.  相似文献   

3.
以工业聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化钱(PDMDAAC)和钠基膨润土为原料制备了PDMDAAC-阳离子膨润土,研究了PDMDAAC在膨润土上的吸附行为,探讨了改性前后膨润土的电性情况,利用透射电镜和X射线衍射观察丁膨润土改性前后的形貌变化和层间距的变化,最后用阳离子膨润土处理实际印染废水,实验了阳离子膨润土处理印染废水的效果.结果表明。PDMDAZC在膨润土上的吸附属于Langmuir吸附,同时也符合Freundlich吸附,改性前后膨润士的电性、形貌和层间距都发生了变化,处理废水的实验表明,阳离子膨润土对印染废水的脱色效果较好,对COD也有一定的去除率.  相似文献   

4.
改性膨润土混凝剂处理阳离子染料染色废水的研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
介绍了自制的复合改性膨润土对阳离子染料染色废水的吸附絮凝特性,考察了pH值、反应温度、反应时间、复合改性膨润土用量、助剂、无机盐等因素的影响。结果表明,复合改性性膨润土对阳离子染料染色废水具有优异的吸附性能,以聚丙烯酰胺作助凝剂可使脱色率达99.9%,COD去除率达93%,污泥沉降比仅为1~2%,并且具有沉降快、适应性强、操作简单、费用低廉等优点。  相似文献   

5.
选择双阳离子十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-四甲基溴化铵(3∶1)对膨润土进行改性.结果表明最佳吸附条件是:改性膨润土投加量25g/L,pH为6,反应温度40℃,摇床转速150r/min,吸附时间30min,此时改性膨润土对20mg/L的萘吸附率可达99.4%.改性后膨润土阳离子交换容量增加了1.6倍;红外光谱图显示,表面活性剂已经进入膨润土层间;解吸实验表明,有机膨润土是一种有效的吸附剂,能较好吸附萘.此外,有机膨润土可以同时吸附萘和磷酸盐.对萘的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,对磷酸盐的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式.  相似文献   

6.
阳离子聚合物/膨润土对苯酚的吸附及其机理研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
采用阳离子聚合物聚环氧氯丙烷二甲铵(EPI-DMA)和聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)分别对钠基膨润土进行了改性,研究了改性膨润土吸附苯酚的机理及其主要影响因素。实验结果表明,膨润土经阳离子聚合物改性后,吸附苯酚的能力大大提高。振荡时间、温度、pH值、离子浓度对阳离子聚合物/膨润土吸附苯酚的性能均有一定的影响。PDMDAAC/膨润土和EPI-DMA/膨润土分别在振荡时间为20min和60min时,达到吸附平衡;温度升高,吸附量下降,不利于吸附反应的进行;pH相似文献   

7.
为提高天然膨润土的吸附性能,以十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)为改性剂,制备有机阳离子改性膨润土,并通过吸附实验分析有机改性剂用量、吸附时间、改性膨润土投加量、废水pH及初始质量浓度对模拟染料废水脱色率的影响。结果表明:有机改性剂质量分数为20%,有机改性膨润土投加量为1.0 g/L,振荡时间为30 min,废水pH为6.0,初始质量浓度为40 mg/L时,有机改性膨润土对模拟染料废水的处理效果最佳,脱色率可达到95.66%。该研究为新型改性膨润土处理染料废水提供了技术参考。  相似文献   

8.
改性沸石对诺氟沙星的吸附行为及机理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用酸、碱、盐浸泡改性和高温焙烧改性等方法对天然斜发沸石进行改性,研究改性后的沸石对诺氟沙星的吸附特性.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面积测定仪(BET)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对沸石表征,HAMZ相比天然沸石的比表面积由6.55 m2/g增大到9.53 m2/g,细孔容积由4.75 mm3/g增大到11.49 mm3/g,孔道中原有半径较大的阳离子减少,吸附活性中心增加.盐酸改性沸石(HAMZ)对诺氟沙星的最大吸附量提高了41.0%.HAMZ对诺氟沙星的吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型.热力学结果表明,吸附反应为吸热反应,可自发进行,反应向着熵增加的方向进行.吸附作用力表现为静电作用力、氢键作用、电子供体-受体作用和-作用.该研究为水中诺氟沙星的去除提供了经济、有效的方法.  相似文献   

9.
膨润土端面电荷改性研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
进行了几种碳酸盐,氢氧化物和硅溶胶改变钙质膨润土端面电荷实验,研究了改性土的结离子吸附性能及介质pH值和土的结晶度对硅溶胶改性时,土的结晶度对改性膨润土吸附性能有显著影响。  相似文献   

10.
采用膨润土经提纯、钠化及负载铁等过程制备铁负载膨润土,通过静态吸附实验研究了pH、离子强度、吸附剂投加量、U(Ⅵ)初始浓度、阳离子Ca^2+、Mg^2+以及阴离子CO3^2-、HCO3^-等对铁负载膨润土吸附模拟废水中U(Ⅵ)的影响,进行了吸附过程动力学、热力学分析,并利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)探讨了相关吸附机理.试验结果表明,pH值和离子强度是影响吸附效果的重要因素,当溶液pH为6,离子强度为0.01 mol/L NaNO3,U(Ⅵ)初始浓度为19.08 mg/L,铁负载膨润土投加量为0.2 g/L,24 h吸附量达到88.06 mg/g.当pH〈6时,Ca^2+、Mg^2+、CO3^2-、HCO3^-的存在分别降低了铁负载膨润土对U(Ⅵ)的吸附效果,而pH〉7时影响作用不大.准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型对铁负载膨润土吸附U(Ⅵ)的拟合效果较好,SEM和FT-IR分析结果表明铁负载膨润土主要通过羟基络合及离子交换作用结合U(Ⅵ)进入其层间及表面.  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

13.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

14.
王慧 《科技信息》2008,(10):240-240
Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.  相似文献   

15.
The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.  相似文献   

16.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

17.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

18.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

19.
In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.  相似文献   

20.
The non-orthogonal localized molecular orbital(NOLMO)is the most localized representation of electronic degrees of freedom.As such,NOLMOs are thus potentially the most efficient for linear scaling calculations of electronic structures for large systems.However,direct ab initio calculations with NOLMO have not been fully implemented and widely used,partly because of the slow convergence issue in the optimization of NOLMO.We devel-  相似文献   

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