天水盆地古近纪地层年代及其意义

天水盆地位于青藏高原东北缘六盘山与西秦岭二重要构造带交汇处,该盆地充填的新生代沉积序列记录着该区构造变形历史,因此研究该盆地沉积记录对探讨青藏高原东北缘新生代构造活动事件具有重要意义.通过对天水盆地古近纪砾石层砂质透镜体中碎屑颗粒磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学研究,获得样品地层的最大沉积年龄为24.8士1.5 Ma.结合前人的工作,厘定该套古近纪地层最顶部地层年龄为22～24.8 Ma,并确定天水盆地古近纪沉积物源区在24.8 Ma左右发生了构造冷却事件,推断印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应在古近纪末-新近纪初已传递到青藏高原的最东北缘.     

北淮阳地区裂变径迹记录的地质意义

为了揭示北淮阳地区古生界杨山煤系的构造热演化特点,探讨该区燕山运动以来构造-热历史,了解地壳浅部构造热过程提供依据,本文应用刻画温度与时间关系较好的锆石、磷灰石裂变径迹技术(FT),对该区杨山煤系的6个古生界碎屑岩进行热演化分析.研究结果表明:95 Ma±以前,北淮阳地区石炭系地层处于磷灰石径迹完全退火带温度范围内,至95 Ma±才抬升至脱离完全退火带的位置,并经历了一个缓慢的抬升过程,至31~47 Ma±快速抬升;较大年龄差异的存在极有可能是商城岩体异常高温所致;发生于燕山期的岩浆活动对锆石径迹发生退火作用有一定的影响,2个锆石样品开始脱离完全退火带的时间为130 Ma±和140 Ma±,对应的锆石年龄更可能是中生代印支-燕山期较强烈的构造-热事件的地质响应.     

鄂尔多斯盆地南缘渭北隆起中新生代构造抬升及演化

应用磷灰石裂变径迹定年技术研究鄂尔多斯盆地南缘渭北隆起抬升期次及演化过程.对渭北隆起不同地区磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分析结果表明,渭北地区主要经历了3期主要抬升过程,主要发生在146～ 125 Ma,107～83.8 Ma和40 ～ 27.3 Ma.结合前人对该地区原型盆地、构造变形特征等研究成果认为,早白垩世末之前渭北隆起应为大型鄂尔多斯盆地的一部分,整体以沉降沉积为主,此时尚未隆起;渭北隆起的形成和演化可分为晚白垩世整体抬升阶段和始新世～渐新世以来的断块翘倾两大阶段.晚白垩世渭北地区整体抬升主要受控于秦岭造山带中晚燕山期的抬升过程;始新世-渐新世以来的断块敲倾作用阶段,与秦岭造山带始新世以来的快速隆升,以及渭河盆地新生代的快速断陷作用有关.     

西昆仑山北缘新生代隆升历史的裂变径迹证据

自新生代以来,西昆仑地区发生强烈的构造变形和隆升,其初始隆升和末次快速隆升的时限仍是有待探讨的重大问题。本文沿西昆仑北缘采集一系列砂岩样品,利用裂变径迹分析方法探讨了西昆仑北缘新生代的冷却历史。结合裂变径迹年龄和径迹长度分布进行分析,可以将6个磷灰石样品分为2组。3个磷灰石样品的径迹年龄远小于所在地层的年龄。平均径迹长度为(12.0±2.3)~(12.6±1.3)μm,呈不对称单峰形态,反映样品缓慢地通过部分退火带;另外3个磷灰石样品径迹年龄与各自地层的沉积年龄接近,平均径迹长度介于(10.7±2.3)~(11.4±1.3)μm,呈现双峰或混合分布的特征,表明沉积后发生部分退火。热史模拟显示,自晚白垩世以来,西昆仑山北缘共经历了3期抬升冷却事件。晚始新世(40~30 Ma),受早期印度板块向古亚洲大陆板块俯冲碰撞的影响,西昆仑山北缘已经开始隆升;晚渐新世―早中新世(25~15 Ma)是西昆仑乃至青藏高原重要的隆升时期;最后一轮强烈隆升则发生在距今5~3 Ma以来,冷却速率最高达15℃/Ma,剥蚀速率相当于600m/my。电子自旋共振测试揭示了早中新世(15 Ma)和晚上新世以来(2.6~0.63 Ma)两期强烈的构造变形和热液活动,更进一步限定了西昆仑最后一期强烈隆升在2.6 Ma以来。     

拉萨地块南缘热液金铜矿床成矿时代的裂变径迹研究

通过对娘古处、洞嘎和甲马3个矿区计11个磷灰石和锆石裂变径迹年龄分析表明,全区主要有3个成矿期,具体年代约分别为30～40Ma,16～28Ma和11～14Ma,这与区域构造活动期相符.成矿温度均低于锆石裂变径迹退火带的底界温度(～320℃),亦说明陆-陆碰撞以来的构造热事件温度均未超过～320℃.     

碎屑锆石U-Pb定年在准噶尔盆地南缘物源研究中的应用

伊连哈比尔尕山山前断褶带是准噶尔南缘前陆盆地和北天山造山带的重要结合部位,从该区采集了4件中生界中的砂岩样品,用LA-ICP-MS方法对其中的250个锆石颗粒进行了U-Pb年龄测定.根据锆石的矿物学特征、CL图像特点以及碎屑锆石年龄分布特征,结合古水流条件的约束,对其沉积物源和构造环境进行了分析.结果表明,锆石形成年龄的范围在170~2 886 Ma间.最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄是(170±1)Ma,说明这套地层不老于中侏罗世;最古老锆石的年龄峰值为2 200~2 900 Ma和1 000~1 600 Ma,源区应为天山在燕山期造山后已有古老基岩的剥露区;290~310 Ma和400~410 Ma的锆石,物源可能包括两部分:伊山为主和部分来自南部的中天山地区;碎屑锆石中出现170~200 Ma的年龄峰值,表明晚侏罗世北天山及盆地南缘发生了较明显的隆升和剥蚀作用,判断其物源为天山北坡.     

磷灰石裂变径迹分析在焉耆盆地油气勘探中的应用

研究了博南 1井和焉参 1井侏罗系碎屑岩 6个样品的磷灰石裂变径迹测试结果 ,得出北部凹陷中生界埋深普遍 >2 0 0 0 m ,属新生代补偿型地温场分区 ,最大古地温发生在新生代以来的挽近时期 ,中下侏罗统经历的最大古地温约为 70～ 1 1 0℃ ;南部凹陷中生界埋深普遍<1 5 0 0 m,属新生代欠补偿型地温场分区 ,最大古地温发生在侏罗系沉积末 ,下侏罗统—中侏罗统下部经历的最大古地温大约为 80～ 1 1 0℃ ,中侏罗统上部经历的最大古地温低于 70℃。磷灰石裂变径迹年龄特征表明 ,焉耆盆地最显著的抬升降温事件主要发生在白垩纪 ,因此盆地的主构造活动期为中、晚燕山期。南部凹陷和北部凹陷两区侏罗系裂变径迹年龄对比分析结果进一步表明 ,燕山期抬升变形南部 (早白垩世为主 )略早于北部 (晚白垩世为主 ) ,说明抬升变形的序次是由南向北扩展的。     

低温热年代学方法及其在叠合盆地构造-热演化研究中的应用

叠合盆地构造-热演化史是当前油气地质研究的重点和难点之一。近年来,低温热年代学测龄技术成为构造-热演化史研究的重要技术,多种测龄手段联用极大地拓宽了其应用范围。江汉平原区具有典型的叠合盆地特征,存在当阳复向斜等中新生代多旋回沉积埋藏区和京山地区等多期持续抬升区。在前一类地区,镜质体反射率记录、磷灰石裂变径迹和锆石裂变径迹等综合反映,该区具有"多段式"热历史,至少发生过2次地质事件,分别对应于侏罗纪-早白垩世后以及古近纪后的大规模构造抬升-地层剥蚀事件;在第二类地区,磷灰石裂变径迹、磷灰石和锆石(U-Th)/He测龄、裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He热史反演等综合反映,该区志留系在早白垩世以来先后经历了快-慢-较快的抬升冷却过程,分别对应于晚侏罗世末期-早白垩世地层大幅度抬升冷却、早白垩世-古近纪盆地拉张沉降和古近纪中期盆地内隆起抬升剥蚀事件。不同类型低温热年代学测龄指标可以有效反映沉积埋藏区地层沉降-古地温演化历史,再现多期持续剥蚀区地层冷却和构造抬升-剥蚀过程。     

西藏南部岩体裂变径迹年龄与高原隆升

对西藏南部拉萨和山南地区4个花岗岩岩体的磷灰石和锆石的裂变径迹年龄测定表明,磷灰石的裂变径迹年龄都集中于3.2～8.3 Ma,该段时间内岩体的隆升速率为0.12～0.20 mm@a-1,隆升的高度仅为580 m,青藏高原南部隆升速率小,没有发生大规模隆升.拉萨岩体锆石的裂变径迹年龄为(25.9±1.7)Ma和(32.7±2.8)Ma,在约26～33 Ma期间隆升速率为0.08 mm@a-1.综合分析表明,西藏南部在印度与欧亚大陆发生碰撞开始到3 Ma期间的平均隆升速率都比较低,高原隆升应是不等速、阶段性的.     

准噶尔南缘磷灰石裂变径迹定年及其构造意义

目的 确定准噶尔南缘伊林哈比尔尕山的隆升时限.方法 测定磷灰石样品的裂变径迹年龄,并进行热史模拟.结果 磷灰石的裂变径迹中心年龄变化于78～51 Ma之间,记录了构造隆升活动的时间.结论 伊连哈比尔尕山自白垩纪以来经历了3期冷却剥露,分别是晚白垩世(97.1～68.8 Ma),视隆升速率为0.062 mm·a-1;新生代早中期(59～30 Ma),视隆升速率为0.023 mm·a1;新生代晚期(13～5 Ma)为山体隆升的峰期,其隆升速率为0.127 mm·a1.白垩纪以来的北天山变形作用与亚洲南缘多期的地体碰撞增生有关.     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷中、新生代沉降特征探讨

应用回剥分析方法(Backstripping analalysis)选取有代表性的四条剖面地层,计算了库车盆地中、新生代地层的沉降速率和沉积速率,其中构造沉降在早三叠世、早白垩世、上新世分别达到32.45 m/Ma、37.35 m/Ma和59.82 m/Ma的高峰,沉积速率曲线也清楚的揭示了库车盆地在演化过程中沉降速率起伏变化的特点.结合地震剖面上的构造证据以及岩相古地理、古生物化石证据,分析了库车盆地在中生代以来的构造演化过程,认为库车盆地自中生代以来的构造活动经历了挤压,应力松弛,构造伸展,挤压,应力松弛,再挤压等六个构造活动阶段,说明了盆地演化过程中构造活动的阶段性.由盆地的沉降特点、构造的活动性质,分析认为库车盆地是由三叠纪早期的前陆盆地经历了中生代应力松弛、盆地伸展以及晚白垩世的挤压隆升和剥蚀,经过早第三世的海侵,在新生代再次复活,是再生的前陆盆地.     

内蒙古艾力格庙地区二叠纪火山‒沉积岩系的层序、时代及其构造意义

为了查明兴蒙造山带西段二连?满都拉裂陷盆地的充填过程以及其中火山?沉积岩系的时空分布, 对西里庙组开展地层层序和同位素年代学研究, 探讨盆地形成的构造背景。实测剖面查明, 二叠纪西里庙组地层可分为3段, 上段和下段为晶屑凝灰岩及流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩, 中段为暗色沉积岩, 构成独特的火山?沉积岩系。上段流纹质凝灰岩的锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为282±2 Ma, 代表形成年龄; 中段碎屑岩的两组锆石年龄峰值分别为304 Ma和450 Ma, 另有1颗锆石的年龄为870 Ma, 分别代表最大沉积年龄、早古生代造山带的形成时代和晚元古代基底的年龄。中段碎屑岩的年代学测试结果表明, 西里庙组火山?沉积岩系的形成时代为304~282 Ma, 其层位应置于哲斯组之下。西里庙组中段沉积地层碎屑锆石的物源分析结果为从中古生代构造挤压过程向晚古生代构造伸展过程转化的沉积响应提供了证据。     

欧龙布鲁克微地块下奥陶统复理石物源和构造背景研究

利用地球化学测试资料,依据大地构造学理论,对大煤沟剖面石灰沟组碎屑岩物源区性质及构造属性进行研究。结果表明:石灰沟组砂岩具有中等风化、快速堆积的特点,碎屑物质来源于上地壳酸性岩类,形成于活动大陆边缘构造背景;早奥陶世晚期,碎屑物质来自南侧滩间山陆-弧碰撞带的复理石向北的远端超覆,造成欧龙布鲁克微地块南缘大煤沟-城墙沟一带发生沉积岩、沉积相类型乃至沉积体系的转换;研究区不晚于488~471 Ma进入陆-弧碰撞阶段,寒武纪-早奥陶世,欧龙布鲁克海盆处于弧后位置,并非是被动大陆边缘盆地,而是与洋陆俯冲陆-弧碰撞有关的弧后盆地。     

Late Cenozoic high-resolution magnetostratigraphy in the Kunlun Pass Basin and its implications for the uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau

The Kunlun Pass Basin, located in the middle of the eastern Kunlun Mountains, received relatively continuous late Cenozoic sediments from the surrounding mountains, archiving great information to understand the deformation and uplift histories of the northern Tibetan Plateau. The Kunlun-Yellow River Movement, identified from the tectonomorphologic and sedimentary evolution of the Kunlun Pass Basin by Cui Zhijiu et al. （1997, 1998）, is roughly coincident with many important global and Plateau climatic and environmental events, becoming a crucial time interval to understand tectonic-climatic interactions. However, the ages used to constrict the events remain great uncertainty. Here, we present the results of detailed magnetostratigraphy of the late Cenozoic sediments in the Kunlun Pass Basin, which show the basin sediments were formed between about 3.6 Ma and 0.5 Ma and the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement occurred at 1.2 to ～0.78 Ma. The lithology, sedimentary facies and lithofacies associations divide the basin into five stages of tectonosedimentary evolution, indicating the northern Tibetan Plateau having experienced five episodes of tectonic uplifts at ～3.6, 2.69-2.58, 1.77, 1.2, 0.87 and ～0.78 Ma since the Pliocene.     

Detrital zircon U-Pb ages of Late Cenozoic sediments from the Yangtze delta: Implication for the evolution of the Yangtze River

Detrital zircon grains of Late Cenozoic sediments dated back to ca.3.6 Ma from core DY03 in the Yangtze delta were dated by LA-ICP-MS,in order to investigate the sedimentary provenance and to find some clue for the evolution of the Yangtze River.Most of the detrital zircon U-Pb ages are distributed at 100 300 Ma,350 550 Ma,600 1000 Ma,1400 2000 Ma and 2200 2800 Ma,which correspond well with the main tectonic and magmatic events in the Yangtze drainage.The detrital zircon age patterns show distinct differenc...     

Isotope chronological trace of granite gravel in Hefei Basin

The discovery of granite gravel in Hefei Jurassic backland basin, which came from the Dabie Shan or North Huaiyang, has a great significance for probing into uplift and exhumation of the Dabie orogenic belt. Lithochemical and isotope chronological analyses on the granite gravel in the Sanjianpu Formation and the Fenghuangtai Formation in Jinzhai County prove that post-orogenic granite was developed in the major provenance of the Hefei Basin; that is, Dabie Shan or North Huaiyang. Discordant lower intersection point age of zircon U-Pb of granite gravel is about 214 Ma, and⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar age of muscovite about 196 Ma, K-Ar age of K-spar about 181 Ma. The former is the diagenetic age of the sample, and the latter two represent the sealed ages of muscovite and K-spar respectively. The age of sedimentary rocks in which a lot of granite gravels appear in the sedimentary section may represent the newest age of the exhumation of the granite body, so we assume that the age is 166 Ma. Therefore, we calculated the uplift rates of the granite body from Late Triassic to early Middle Jurassic; that is about 0.08 km/Ma and 0.4–0.3 km/Ma in the early slowly uplifting stage and later fast uplifting stage respectively, after the formation of the body at 214 Ma. These results are basically identical to the uplifting ages of the Dabie ultrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) belt and the North Huaiyang thrust belt.     

Apatite fission track dating evidence for tectonic movement of Yarlung Zangbo Thrust Zone

Fission track geological chronology is an effective method of study on tectonic movement of fault zone. Apatite fission track (AFT) dating analyses of 9-apatite and 4-zircon samples collected from Lhasa to Langkazi, ~70-km-long in SN provide an understanding of the age and the uplifting of both sides of the Yarlung Zangbo Thrust Zone (YZTZ) in this work. The AFT ages range from ~37 to 14 Ma, indicating the time of major tectono-thermal events, i.e. the continent-continent collision along the YZTZ. Based on the relationship between the AFT ages and the sample elevations, there were two tectonic active periods: ~37—20 Ma and 20—14 Ma. In the first period the tectonic event did not bring on differential uplifting. Rapid differential uplifting with rapid cooling, resulting from thrusting, took place in the second period. The vertical displacement was ~1020 m and total ~2.9 km of overburden has been removed from the present-day surface since cooling below ~110℃ began. The maximum cooling and denudation occurred at a rate of ~7℃/Ma and ~207 m/Ma respectively since ~14 Ma. The zircon fission track analysis demonstrates that the temperature of tectono-thermal events did not exceed 310℃.     

南堡凹陷北部始新世米兰科维奇记录及其对沉积响应的指示意义

古近纪时期的板块运动造就了渤海湾盆地洼隆相间的构造格局,需要从地质年代学角度研究单一湖盆的层序地层格架及其内部的沉积响应。以南堡凹陷高柳地区始新统为例,利用标准井预处理的自然伽马曲线,利用频谱分析、连续小波变换和滑动频谱分析等方法识别蕴藏的米兰科维奇旋回,基于绝对地质年代锚点,建立天文年代标尺,估算沉积速率,重建古湖平面变化和古沉积物供给能力,从区域沉积体系演化的角度讨论米兰科维奇记录对沉积响应的指示意义。结果表明：(1)始新统沉积序列受控于长偏心率、短偏心率、斜率和岁差周期,共识别出20个长偏心率周期,85个短偏心率周期,累计约8.1 Ma;(2)Es₃¹、Es₂、Es₁^x和Es₁^z亚段顶界面绝对地质年代分别为33.3、31.9、30.5、29.5 Ma,平均沉积速率约124.2 m/Ma;(3)湖平面于36.6～33.3 Ma大规模上升,于33.3～30.5 Ma持续下降,于30.5～28.5 Ma再次小幅回升,而36.6～28....     

柴达木东北部晚石炭世盆山格局研究

根据地球化学、碎屑锆石测试资料和大地构造学理论,对石灰沟剖面克鲁克组碎屑岩物源区性质及构造属性进行研究。结果表明:柴达木东北部地区晚石炭世盆地类型为被动大陆边缘盆地,物源区岩石组合以中酸性岩浆岩为主,缺少基性物质的加入,也不存在明显的沉积再旋回;克鲁克组碎屑岩物源区主要由古老基底组成,但包含一定加里东期物质,柴北缘构造带依旧是碎屑物质来源之一;晚石炭世海侵及盆地沉降受北侧宗务隆晚古生代裂陷海槽控制,碎屑物质来源于南侧柴北缘加里东造山带,呈"南山-北海"的盆山格局,盆地内部充填海相沉积建造;柴北缘古生代造山带剥蚀开始于约430 Ma前,存在时间下限不晚于晚石炭世,早期主要发生岛弧岩浆岩的剥蚀,晚期则主要发生古老基底的剥蚀。     

Evolution of the South China Sea and monsoon history revealed in deep-sea records

As the third summary report of ODP Leg 184 to the South China Sea (SCS), this paper discusses the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and the SCS basin. A multi-proxy approach, involving geochemistry, micropale-ontology, pollen and other analyses, was adopted for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the East Asian monsoon, which was characterized by a series of paleo-climate events especially at 8, 3.2, 2.2 and 0.4 Ma. The new record indicates similar stages in the development of the East and South Asian monsoons, with an enhanced winter monsoon over East Asia being the major difference. The rich spectrums of monsoon variability from the southern SCS also reveal other characteristic features of the low latitude ocean. Evidence for the evolution of the SCS includes the hemipelagic Oligocene sediments, implying the existence of deep water environments during the early seafloor spreading stage of the SCS basin. The four major unconformities and some remarkabl ediagenetic features in upper Oligocene deposits indicate the strongest tectonic events in the region. From a careful comparison of lithologies and sedimentation rates, we conclude that the prominent differences in sedimentary environments between the southern and northern SCS were established only by ～3 Ma.