基于强化学习的指定性能轨迹跟踪最优控制

为保证无人船对期望轨迹的高动态精确跟踪,针对带有输入饱和限制的无人船轨迹跟踪系统,提出一种基于强化学习的指定性能轨迹跟踪最优控制策略.采用双曲正切函数逼近饱和函数,并利用指定性能控制技术将无人船跟踪误差进行误差转换,使跟踪动态误差约束在期望的指定范围内以保证轨迹跟踪系统的高动态性能.在此基础上,采用最优控制理论与强化学习中基于神经网络的Ac-tor-Critic 控制框架设计无人船轨迹跟踪最优控制方法,同时解决了控制输入饱和限制的问题.基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,证明了本文控制策略下无人船轨迹跟踪系统的稳定性,保证了跟踪误差均在指定的范围内.仿真实验也验证了本文策略的有效性与优越性.     

基于状态估计的无人车前轮转角与横摆稳定协调控制

针对无人车轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种基于状态估计的无人车前轮转角和横摆稳定协调控制策略.建立了车辆轨迹跟踪模型,利用模型预测控制算法设计了轨迹跟踪控制器,得到实时跟踪参考轨迹所需的前轮转角.根据车辆模型设计了一种基于未知输入观测器的前轮转角估计方法,并将估计结果作为前轮转角跟踪控制的输入量.基于非奇异终端滑模控制设计了前轮转角跟踪方法,通过转向电机扭矩来控制车辆转向以实现轨迹跟踪.同时,设计了车辆横摆稳定控制器,通过控制横摆角速度跟踪误差确保车辆横摆稳定.建立了CarSim-Simulink联合仿真模型并进行仿真实测试.结果表明,未知输入观测器具有较好的前轮转角估计效果,从而为车辆协调控制提供可靠信息源,协调控制策略能够在保证车辆横摆稳定性的同时完成车辆轨迹跟踪.      

欠驱动水面船舶的轨迹跟踪模型预测控制器

针对在风、浪、流时变干扰下欠驱动水面船舶的轨迹跟踪控制问题,设计了一种基于模型预测控制的轨迹跟踪控制器.考虑到欠驱动船舶在没有横向驱动力情况下控制船舶纵向、横向和艏摇角3个自由度的运动,建立了仅有2个控制输入量且存在风、浪、流干扰下的非线性状态空间模型,在对模型近似线性化后应用线性模型预测控制方法设计出了一种考虑控制量极限约束、控制增量约束以及输出量约束的轨迹跟踪控制器.最后,在仿真环境下测试了系统对圆形轨迹的跟踪性能,并对约束进行了误差分析.结果表明,所设计的控制器能较好地满足跟踪性能,并能抵抗一定程度的环境干扰.     

车体振动弹药传输机械臂的有界轨迹跟踪控制

针对传统PID控制器未能考虑车体振动带来的不确定性外部摄动的影响,且存在控制性能依赖高控制输入、驱动容易饱和的缺点,基于计算力矩法与一种基于隐式Lyapunov函数的控制律,提出一种新的弹药传输机械臂轨迹跟踪控制方法.控制器的增益是系统误差变量的可微函数,随着实际轨迹逐渐趋向于期望轨迹,该增益逐渐趋向于无穷大,但是控制输入始终满足给定的约束.数值求解系统的动力学方程中采用牛顿迭代法与龙格库塔法交叉迭代.结果显示,所设计的控制器可以有效抑制车体振动的影响,实现了弹药传输机械臂的渐进轨迹跟踪控制,具有良好的鲁棒性.      

基于综合导向的车式移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

分析了具有不确定性和非完整约束的车式移动机器人系统的轨迹跟踪问题.基于运动学模型分析,提出一种自适应的轨迹跟踪控制方法.通过引入状态微分反馈实现系统的镇定.同时引入人工场,使其和位姿误差一起作用于控制系统,从而改善了对车式移动机器人的导航控制.运用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了控制器的稳定性.直线和圆周两种轨迹跟踪的仿真实验表明,该控制方法能够使四轮车式移动机器人在导航中具有理想的跟踪轨迹.     

无模型坐标补偿积分滑模约束的自动驾驶汽车轨迹跟踪控制

为了解决四轮自动驾驶汽车轨迹跟踪的复杂控制问题，提出一种新的全格式无模型自适应坐标补偿积分滑模约束控制方案。控制方案只需要自动驾驶车辆轨迹跟踪的I/O数据，不涉及车辆模型信息，即前轮转角输入数据和车辆横摆角输出数据。因此，该方案对于不同车型均能实现轨迹跟踪控制。在轨迹跟踪过程中只针对车辆横摆角进行控制易造成跟踪轨迹偏差，本文在全格式无模型自适应控制的基础上加入坐标补偿算法；为了提高系统在运行过程中的鲁棒性，加入积分滑模控制；为了应对在滑模控制过程中系统运行在饱和区域，设计了动态补偿，使轨迹跟踪系统运行在滑模控制的线性区域。最后，对无模型自适应积分滑模约束控制方案、原型无模型自适应控制算法和PID算法进行仿真比较。仿真结果表明，所提算法比传统控制方法具有更好的控制性能，跟踪波动误差在0.09%以内，稳定时间在0.5 s以内，跟踪曲线平滑。     

基于约束跟随理论的消防无人机水枪喷嘴跟踪控制

利用无人机（Unmanned Aerial Vehicle，UAV）参与灭火是解决城市高层建筑消防问题的一种有效手段.针对无人机云台运动的控制问题，提出一种基于约束跟随理论的云台水枪喷嘴跟踪控制策略.根据高层建筑实际灭火需求，设计了云台水枪喷嘴两自由度驱动结构，采用Denavit-Hartenberg（D-H）方法对云台系统进行建模并由此完成云台运动学方程的建立.根据拉格朗日方程构建云台无约束动力学模型，把云台水枪喷嘴的期望轨迹作为约束，在不引入诸如拉格朗日乘数等任何变量或伪变量的情况下，基于Udwadia-Kalaba方程得到可以满足约束跟随需要的驱动转矩解析式，实现状态连续反馈控制，以达到水枪喷嘴轨迹跟踪的目的.为了减小跟踪误差，采用 Baumgarte 约束违约法进行稳定性处理，并在MATLAB/Simulink环境下对其轨迹跟踪控制进行仿真. 搭建以数字信号处理器（Digital Signal Processor， DSP）为控制核心的实验平台进行轨迹跟踪控制实验.仿真和实验结果表明，基于约束跟随理论的轨迹跟踪控制算法能够有效地完成跟踪任务并实现对期望轨迹的高精度跟踪.     

挖掘机器人模糊鲁棒控制的研究

为了实现挖掘机器人的轨迹跟踪控制,建立了挖掘机器人工作装置的四自由度拉格朗日动力学模型,设计了一个鲁棒控制器.控制律包括等效控制和辅助控制.等效控制保证闭环系统的控制输入基于期望的动力学模型,辅助控制保证动力学建模误差和不确定性存在时控制系统的鲁棒性以及跟踪误差趋于零.为了削弱控制输入的高频振荡,模糊控制被应用.将所设计的模糊鲁棒控制器用于仿真试验,给出了其轨迹跟踪效果及控制输入.     

基于综合导向的轮式移动机器人自适应轨迹跟踪控制

分析了不确定的具有非完整约束轮式移动机器人系统的轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种自适应的轨迹跟踪控制方法,该方法在运动学模型的基础上通过引入状态微分反馈实现.同时,该控制方法提出在对轮式移动机器人进行导航时引入人工场,使其和位姿误差一起作用完成导航控制.基于轮式移动机器人的仿真实验,以及实际轮式移动机器人的控制实验表明,该方法可以对不确定的轮式移动机器人轨迹跟踪进行有效控制,而且在导航中使轮式移动机器人具有更理想的轨迹.     

基于预设性能的自适应神经网络船舶轨迹跟踪

针对存在模型参数摄动与外界未知海洋环境干扰的船舶轨迹跟踪问题,提出一种具有规定性能要求约束的船舶轨迹跟踪控制策略.该控制策略通过引入具有约束作用的性能函数进行控制器的设计.先将有不等式约束的船舶轨迹跟踪误差转换为等价的无约束的误差,然后将转换得到的误差与滑模控制相结合设计控制器,保证船舶轨迹跟踪控制的快速性与高精度,同...     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.