人工林伐区索道集材对土壤理化性状的影响

研究了马尾松与杉木混交人工林伐区索道集材作业前后林地土壤理化性质的变化，结果表明：集材作业后除土壤体积质量和结构体破坏率指标增大外，其余土壤理化性质指标均下降，而且表层土壤(0~20 cm)所受影响较底层土壤(20~40 cm)大；集材作业导致表层土壤体积质量增大0.02 g/cm，土壤结构体破坏率提高617%，最大持水量下降3.65%，总孔隙度减小1.98%；同时表层土壤的有机质、全N、水解性N、全P、速效P、全K、速效K等指标的含量分别下降1.34 g/kg、0.04 g/kg、6.46 mg/kg、0.01 g/kg、0.04 mg/kg、1.01 g/kg和11.00 mg/kg。分析了集材作业造成土壤理化性质变化的原因，并从森林生态采运角度出发，提出减少索道集材作业对林地土壤破坏的技术措施。     

高速公路沿线土壤黑碳含量特征

随着高速公路的建设和机动车辆的持续增长,高速公路对周边环境的影响越来越大 。以南京禄口机场高速公路沿线为研究对象,调查分析了距公路不同距离林地和荒地土壤的黑碳含量。结果表明:黑碳的集中扩散范围主要在高 速公路沿线50m内;林地和荒地土壤黑碳含量都表现为表层(0～10cm)的值高于表下层(10～30cm)的值,土壤黑碳主要集中在0～10cm的表层土中; 在10m处林地土壤的黑碳含量高于荒地的值,20、50m处土壤黑碳含量都是荒地的高于林地的值,林带对黑碳的扩散有一定的屏蔽吸收效果,可以减 少汽车尾气排放的黑碳对周围环境的影响范围。     

成都经济区土壤及经济植物硒含量特征

对四川省成都经济区内3种代表性土壤生长的水稻、小麦、玉米及其根系土进行了硒含量的采样分析.根据成土母质的不同,布置45个不同类型土壤的垂直剖面,采集不同深度(0～200 cm)的土壤样品267件.对土壤样品和农作物样品分别以原子荧光法和等离子体质谱法进行了全硒质量分数分析.结果表明:根系土(0～20 cm)硒的质量分数为(0.055～19.76)×10-6,平均值为0.34×10-6,高于全国表层土壤硒的质量分数平均值(0.246×10-6).各种土壤类型中硒均有在表层(0～20 cm)土壤中富集的特征.由于成土母质的不同,表层土壤硒质量分数有较大差异:黄壤分布区各类作物根系土硒质量分数平均值最高,其次是水稻土,紫色土最低.根据谭见安等硒生态景观界限值的划分,研究区内主要粮食作物的根系土样品中49.7%属于硒含量适中的,富硒土壤占20.7%;硒不足或者潜在不足的土壤占29.4%.农作物籽实样品中的硒质量分数分析表明:大米样品中有19.9%属于富硒大米,小麦样品中有29.8%属于富硒小麦;但同时存在硒缺乏或潜在缺乏的样品,玉米样品中90%以上缺硒或潜在缺硒.     

汽车运材对人工林伐区林地土壤的影响

对杉阔混交人工林伐区汽车运材作业前后林地土壤理化性质变化进行了试验研究和定量分析。结果表明:运材后除土壤体积质量和结构体破坏率指标增大外,其余土壤理化性质指标均下降,而且表层土壤(0～20cm)所受影响较底层土壤(20～40cm)大;运材导致表层土壤体积质量增大050g/cm3,土壤结构体破坏率提高1882%,最大持水量下降1578%,总孔隙度减小670%;同时表层土壤有机质、全N、水解性N、全P、速效P、全K、速效K等指标含量分别下降2354g/kg、053g/kg、2652mg/kg、050g/kg、1176mg/kg、057g/kg和1319mg/kg. 此外,对运材作业造成土壤理化性质变化的原因进行了分析,并从森林生态采运角度出发,提出减少运材作业对林地土壤破坏的技术措施。     

木材在滑道水平曲线段的运动规律研究

探讨木材在滑道水平曲线段的运动规律以及滑道模断面布置形式。为林区集材滑道的设计和架设选线提供了理论依据。     

鸟王茶产地土壤微量元素有效态特征及影响因素研究

本文研究了贵州省鸟王茶产地土壤微量元素有效态含量及其影响因素.结果表明:该地区野生茶园土壤有效态锌、铜、锰、铁含量显著或极显著高于人工茶园.表层(0～20cm)与其下层(20～40cm)土壤微量元素有效含量在0.01水平下差异性达到极显著.土壤pH与土壤有效态锌、铜、铁呈负相关性,表明土壤pH影响土壤微量元素有效含量;...     

不同林地清理方式下生物炭和氮添加对桉树红锥混交林土壤养分的影响

【目的】阐明不同林地清理方式下(火烧清理和人工清理)生物炭和氮添加对桉树红锥混交林土壤养分的影响,为人工林的经营管理提供参考。【方法】在火烧清理和人工清理林地的桉树红锥混交林中,设置生物炭和氮添加的控制实验,研究生物炭和氮添加对土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、全钾(TK)、有效磷(AP)和有效钾(AK)含量的影响。【结果】不同林地清理方式下,生物炭和氮添加对林地土壤养分的影响存在差异:与对照相比,人工清理林地时,添加生物炭显著增加了20～40cm土层的AP含量;氮添加极显著增加了0～10cm土层的SOC、TP、AP含量和C∶N;10～20cm土层的SOC、AK含量,20～40cm土层的AP和AK含量也显著增加;而0～10cm土层的N∶P则极显著降低。林地清理方式为火烧清理时,生物炭添加极显著增加0～10cm土层的TP含量,而0～10cm、10～20cm土层的SOC和AK含量,0～10cm土层的C∶N,10～20cm的AP∶TP、C∶P以及0～10cm、10～20cm、20～40cm土层的AK∶TK显著降低,0～10cm土层的AP含量、AP∶TP、C∶P和N∶P更是极显著降低。氮添加显著降低10～20cm土层的N∶P以及0～10cm土层的AP∶TP,0～10cm土层的AP含量以及10～20cm的TN含量下降达到极显著水平。【结论】人工清理林地条件下,实施生物炭和氮添加有利于提高桉树红锥混交林的土壤养分。     

川西北高寒草甸土壤养分和微生物群落功能多样性对模拟增温的响应

采用开顶式气室法(OTCs)进行模拟增温,利用常规实验室分析方法和Biolog-ECO生态板法对增温后不同土层(0～10 cm和10～20 cm)高寒草甸土壤养分以及微生物功能多样性进行分析,结果表明:1)增温后0～10 cm土层土壤有机质(SOM)和速效氮(AN)含量减少,速效磷(AP)与速效钾(AK)含量增加,10～20 cm土层的有机质和全氮(TN)含量增加; 2)模拟增温降低了土壤微生物Shannon-Weiner指数与Pielou指数; 3) AWCD值表明模拟增温后土壤微生物总体活性高于对照,且0～10 cm 10～20 cm; 4)主成分分析表明碳水化合物(CAR)是土壤微生物选择利用的主要碳源类型之一; 5)土壤养分与6类碳源的相关性分析表明碳水化合物、羧酸(CAA)、酚酸(PHA)类碳源与土壤养分均存在显著或极显著相关性.     

秸秆还田配施化肥对硝态氮垂直迁移的影响

采用室内模拟原状土柱的方法,研究秸秆还田配施化肥对土壤硝态氮的淋溶迁移的影响。结果表明,硝态氮易淋洗到80 cm土层以下,在表层0～20 cm迁移强烈,主要累积在50～80 cm土层。秸秆还田＋优化施肥氮磷钾均减20％（SDF）处理对硝态氮淋溶的影响不明显,秸秆还田＋优化施肥（S F ）处理对硝态氮向土壤下层迁移具有一定的抑制作用。     

高寒草甸阳坡-阴坡梯度上环境因子特征及其与地上生物量和物种丰富度的关系

以甘南高寒草甸为对象,研究了坡向梯度上环境因子的变化特点及其与地上生物量和物种丰富度的关系.结果表明:0～20 cm与20～40 cm的土壤含水量均是自阳坡到阴坡呈递增的变化趋势,且20～40 cm土壤的含水量高于0～20 cm的;两层土壤的全磷质量分数和w(C):w(N)与含水量的变化相同,土壤全氮、有机质、速效磷及速效氮质量分数的变化均呈先减小后增大的趋势,偏阳坡最小.土壤养分质量分数均是0～20 cm的大于20～40 cm的,表现出表层土壤养分富集的现象,土壤pH值沿阳坡到阴坡呈递减趋势.地上生物量和物种丰富度的变化特点均为阴坡>偏阴坡>偏阳坡>阳坡,且地上生物量与物种丰富度显著正相关.同归分析表明:土壤含水量与土壤全磷,有机质质量分数是影响地上生物量和物种丰富度的主要因子,其中土壤含水量是关键限制性因子.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。