天津滨海新区塘沽2013年供暖期前后大气污染物特征分析

为了解天津滨海新区塘沽供暖期前后大气污染物浓度水平的变化特征,利用2013年10月1日~12月29日NO2、SO2、PM2.5、PM10的连续在线监测数据,以供暖前10月1日~11月14日及供暖期11月15日~12月29日2个时间段来分析各污染物的变化特征。结果表明,滨海新区塘沽供暖期比供暖前PM10、PM2.5、NO2及SO2的日均浓度分别上升了46.7%、8.9%、60.5%和117.9%;4种大气污染物的日均浓度最高值均出现在供暖期;供暖期PM10、PM2.5、NO2及SO2的日均超标平均倍数较供暖前均有所上升;供暖期PM10、NO2及SO2的超标率均比供暖前上升,而PM2.5的超标率则下降。     

2000-2004年山东中西部五城市大气污染变化特征

以2000-2004年山东省中西部五城市(济南、济宁、德州、淄博、泰安)的主要大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10的浓度资料为依据,分析了2000-2004年五城市主要大气污染物的季节变化特征以及年际变化趋势.根据2004年五城市主要大气污染物SO2、NO2、PM10的日均浓度值,分析了2004年五城市的空气质量现状.结果显示:2004年五城市的空气质量,济南市最差,其次是淄博、德州、济宁,泰安市最好.大气污染物浓度呈明显的季节变化特征,冬季污染最严重,夏季空气质量最好;总体来说,2000-2004年大气污染物SO2、PM10浓度呈逐年下降趋势,NO2浓度没有明显的变化趋势,到2004年,PM10污染浓度依然较高,是最主要的大气污染物.同时分析了引起大气污染物浓度变化的原因,表明大气污染物浓度的变化是地形、污染源和气象条件等因素共同作用的结果.     

天津滨海新区塘沽2013年供暖期前后大气污染物特征分析

为了解天津滨海新区塘沽供暖期前后大气污染物浓度水平的变化特征,利用2013年10月1日~12月29日NO2、SO2、PM2.5、PM10的连续在线监测数据,以供暖前10月1日~11月14日及供暖期11月15日~12月29日2个时间段来分析各污染物的变化特征。结果表明,滨海新区塘沽供暖期比供暖前PM10、PM2.5、NO2及SO2的日均浓度分别上升了46.7%、8.9%、60.5%和117.9%;4种大气污染物的日均浓度最高值均出现在供暖期;供暖期PM10、PM2.5、NO2及SO2的日均超标平均倍数较供暖前均有所上升;供暖期PM10、NO2及SO2的超标率均比供暖前上升,而PM2.5的超标率则下降。     

河北省主要城市空气污染时空分布特征分析

文章以河北省邢台、保定、石家庄、邯郸、衡水、唐山、廊坊和沧州8个城市的空气质量为研究对象,以PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO、O3作为空气污染因子,分析河北省2014-2016年的空气污染时空分布特征。分析结果表明,8个城市2014-2016年AQI、PM10、PM2.5、SO2浓度呈下降趋势,整体空气质量好转,而沧州和衡水NO2年均浓度以及衡水和唐山O3年均值变化呈逐年上升趋势。8个城市颗粒物年均浓度均超标,超标倍数最高达2.3,除2014年沧州外,其余城市各年NO2年均值均超标。季节变化分析结果表明,除O3外,8个城市的其余空气污染因子和AQI季节变化趋势基本一致,夏、秋季的空气质量优于春、冬季,冬季最差,O3恰好相反。PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2、CO浓度高值主要分布在1月和12月,低值分布在6-9月。8个城市之间的空气污染比较显示,廊坊和沧州空气质量优良天数占比超过50%,空气质量较好,邢台、保定、唐山、石家庄空气质量较差,这与地理位置和产业布局有一定的关系。     

南通市大气污染物浓度变化特征及其与气象因素的关系

为了厘清南通市大气污染浓度的变化情况以及与气象因素之间存在的关系,分析南通市大气污染物潜在的输送来源。文章利用南通市2018年全年大气污染物资料和同期气象观测要素资料,对SO2、NO2、CO、O3、PM10、PM2.5污染物的时、日、月、季浓度变化规律及其与气象因素之间的关系进行分析,并结合南通市2次重污染天气过程,使用后向轨迹模式HYSPLIT4分析南通市大气污染物的主要来源。结果表明：SO2、NO2、CO、PM10和PM2.5浓度均呈现夏季最低,其次是秋季,冬、春季浓度最高,O3浓度呈现明显春、夏季高于秋、冬季。SO2、NO2、CO、O3年平均排放量均较低。一天当中不同时间段,气象因素影响情况不同导致污染物的浓度不同。O3浓度变化跟NO2浓度变化呈明显负相关性。O3污染最高的天气,一般是气压较低,能见度较好的晴朗天气。而研究发现,PM2.5在气温较低、湿度高、气压高、日降水量较小、能见度低且风速较小的气象条件下,污染浓度更容易升高。NO2在低温高湿,气压高且风速较小的气象条件下时跟容易堆积。NO2、CO、O3与6种常规气象要素均存在显著相关性。O3跟气象要素之间相关性关系正好与其他5种污染物相反(湿度除外)。通过两次重污染天气过程的后向轨迹分析,南通市大气污染物来源既有西北和偏北气流的长距离输送,也有偏西和偏南气流的区域性源。     

南宁市灰霾天气与空气污染物关系分析

根据2010年6月1日至2011年5月31日南宁市的环境监测数据和气象数据,分析南宁市灰霾天气特征,然后通过SPSS软件分析灰霾天气与能见度、颗粒物(PM2.5、PM10)浓度、气态污染物浓度和空气污染指数的关系,探讨南宁市灰霾天气与空气污染物的关系。结果发现,南宁市灰霾天气主要分布在秋、冬两季,PM2.5是直接造成南宁市灰霾天气的主要因子,PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3对灰霾天气的发生也有一定影响。PM2.5与PM10相关性最显著,与SO2、NO2相关性较显著,与CO相关性显著,与O3相关性不显著。     

郑州市城区环境空气污染特征分析

以2000-2002年郑州大气污染的主要监测指标为依据,分析了郑州市大气污染的现状、特征及原因。并根据近五年的监测数据对大气污染趋势进行分析,结论是市区首要污染物为PM10(TSP)。其季节变化规律为春>冬>秋>夏。主要污染物SO2、NO2、PM10年平均值,近五年间均有下降趋势。     

环境空气质量标准修订后城市空气质量变化趋势及污染特征分析 ——以济南市为例

2012年环境空气质量标准修订后,大气污染物监测指标与频次发生变化,在一定程度上影响了城市空气质量评价及污染特征判定。为进一步促进城市空气质量改善,为地方环境管理与决策提供科学支撑,通过运用统计分析、趋势检验及相关分析等方法研究了济南市执行新环境空气质量标准后,各时段城市空气质量及6项污染物浓度变化趋势,在此基础上识别了空气污染特征。结果表明：自2013年起,PM10、PM2.5浓度不断下降,SO2、CO持续达标,近3年间全市无污染天数占50%左右;从季节变化来看,冬季大气污染最为严重,夏秋两季空气环境质量较好;PM10、PM2.5与NO2长期处于超标水平,O3污染愈加严重。可见济南市环境空气质量虽日趋改善,但以PM10、PM2.5和O3污染为代表的复合型大气污染特征已经形成。     

一次冷空气前后广州大气污染研究

以冷空气过境前后的广州市污染物数据为基础,运用Shapiro-Wilk检验、Pearson积矩和Spearman秩等方法,探讨PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、O3、CO的污染特征及变化规律.结果表明,PM2.5、PM10高浓度出现在8—9时和17—18时,低浓度出现在12—13时和0—1时.PM2.5和PM10相关性显著,PM2.5/PM10=0.62⁰.83,冷空气对PM2.5和PM10都有较好的清除作用.SO2浓度在7—8时出现峰值,3时出现谷值,良好的气象条件对SO2有明显的清除作用.NO2、CO高浓度出现在9时和19时,低浓度出现在15时和3时.冷空气对NO2有一定的清除作用,对于CO浓度增大的异常情况,推断与广州以北地区燃烧生物质有关.O3浓度日变化呈现单峰特征,15时浓度最高,5时浓度最低,冷空气在夜间过境对O3浓度影响较小.O3与CO、NO2存在显著的负相关,在光化学反应时间段O3/CO=0.060.83,冷空气对PM2.5和PM10都有较好的清除作用.SO2浓度在7—8时出现峰值,3时出现谷值,良好的气象条件对SO2有明显的清除作用.NO2、CO高浓度出现在9时和19时,低浓度出现在15时和3时.冷空气对NO2有一定的清除作用,对于CO浓度增大的异常情况,推断与广州以北地区燃烧生物质有关.O3浓度日变化呈现单峰特征,15时浓度最高,5时浓度最低,冷空气在夜间过境对O3浓度影响较小.O3与CO、NO2存在显著的负相关,在光化学反应时间段O3/CO=0.06⁰.12,O3/NO2=10.12,O3/NO2=1².     

影响银川市城区环境空气质量因素分析

通过对2014年银川市环境空气质量自动监测站监测结果分析,根据频度、首要污染物分布、空气质量单项指数等判断,确定4项污染物PM10、PM2.5、SO2和NO2为研究目标,对他们浓度变化趋势分析得出:银川市环境空气质量综合指数1~6月呈下降趋势9~12月呈上升趋势,环境空气主要污染物浓度随季节变化特征明显,影响银川市环境空气质量的主要因素与自然条件、地理环境有很大关系。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.