辐射供冷空调系统下的人体热舒适性研究

为了深入研究辐射供冷空调系统下的人体热舒适性,对辐射供冷空调系统的传热机理进行了分析,合理简化了人体热平衡方程,获得了人体显热散热量、辐射对流散热量比与热舒适性的关系。实验及数值模拟结果表明:在辐射供冷空调系统下,人体热舒适性指标(PMV)与人体显热散热量之间具有较好的线性关系,利用该线性关系,可从人体热平衡的角度直接对人体热舒适性进行评价;人体辐射对流散热量比与热舒适性指标之间没有明显的相关关系,即人体辐射对流散热量比对热舒适性没有影响。因此,在保证人体热舒适性的基础上,可以通过提高人体辐射对流散热量比,即使辐射供冷空调系统具有较大的辐射末端面积、较低的辐射末端温度或较高的送风温度,从而达到建筑节能的效果。此项研究可为辐射供冷空调系统的热舒适性评价及系统设计提供参考。     

人体脚部着鞋袜条件下热湿舒适性测试

基于自行研制的人体脚部热湿舒适性测试仪器,测试分析了人体在静止、运动条件下的鞋内脚的各部位相对湿度和温度以及其变化规律,并对穿着不同材料的袜子对鞋内脚部热湿舒适性的影响进行了对比研究。研究结果表明,所研制的测试装置能够满足人体脚部热湿舒适性的测试评价;人体在穿着鞋袜后,无论是休息静止还是运动,鞋内脚部的相对湿度和温度均会按指数规律发生变化,而且鞋内脚部的热湿舒适性受袜子原材料的影响。     

热湿环境工位辐射空调加桌面风扇热舒适实验研究

为了研究热湿环境中工位辐射空调加桌面风扇供冷方式下的人体热舒适情况,采用环境测量和主观问卷相结合的方式,在环境背景温度分别为26℃,28℃和30℃(相对湿度80%)的人工环境实验室内测试了24名受试者的整体热感觉、热舒适、热可接受度和热期望.结果表明,热湿环境中,工位辐射空调加桌面风扇供冷方式能显著改善处于热湿环境中的受试者的热舒适情况,但在26℃时,其效果并不明显.虽然背景环境参数超出了舒适范围,在工位辐射空调加桌面风扇供冷方式下,受试者的热感觉随着时间的增加逐渐趋于中性,且室内环境温度达到30℃(相对湿度80%)时,仍有超过80%受试者表示可接受其所处环境.因此,工位辐射空调加桌面风扇的供冷方式有效地扩展了夏季室内舒适温度范围.工位辐射空调加桌面风扇供冷方式的研究为非中性环境中维持人体热舒适和降低建筑能耗提供了新的途径.     

人体舒适度与室内热环境

通过对自然通风环境、实际空调环境、实验空调环境与人体舒适度的关系的分析,发现在自然通风条件下人体热感觉随着温度变化是最小的,仅为0.0949(TSV)/℃,而在实际空调环境下,热感觉与温度关系最大,变化率为0.3245(TSV)/℃.说明在自然通风条件下,影响人体突然感觉的其他因素比实际空调环境以及实验空调环境的要多;本文对三种热环境下热不可接受率与实测不舒适度进行比较,发现实测不舒适度远高于热不可接受率,说明热感觉并不等同于热舒适;在自然通风环境下,高温高湿(28℃,80%以上)条件下,空气焓值大小对实测不舒适度的影响比温度、相对湿度更为明显.     

动态辐射热环境对人体生理与热反应的影响

为了探索辐射空调形式下温度突变对人体热舒适的影响,给控制调节辐射空调系统提供一定的参考,通过人工气候室营造偏凉-中性温度突变环境,开展了对流、辐射地板与辐射吊顶三种不同空调形式下,20名受试者的整体-局部主观热感觉、热舒适投票以及皮肤温度等生理参数随时间的变化研究 . 根据生理参数测量结果显示,突变到中性温度的辐射热环境中皮肤温度存在滞后现象且动态辐射热环境下人体交感神经表现得更为活跃;由主观问卷分析得出,动态辐射热环境下受试者舒适感及热愉悦感更佳,主观热感觉出现心理超前现象,其中动态辐射地板的优势更为突出;背部、小腿、足部对于瞬态热刺激最敏感,可用于热感觉预测. 最后,根据人体平均皮肤温度随时间变化规律,建立了基于修正的Knothe时间函数相关预测模型,量化了三种工况下人体生理调节的响应特性;根据人体平均皮肤温度及其变化率与平均热感觉的变化规律,建立了三种工况下的热感觉预测模型,简化了动态环境下人体热感觉预测的求解过程.     

不同散热末端下直膨式热泵供暖系统热舒适性的实验与模拟研究

采用实验和模拟的方法,对不同散热末端下直膨式空气源热泵供暖系统的热舒适性进行研究。通过实验对比研究采用新型热虹吸散热末端的直膨式空气源热泵(direct expansion air-source heat pump using thermosiphon radiator,DE-HP-T)与传统热风空调散热末端时,直膨式空气源热泵供暖系统的室内空气温度分布特征,重点分析系统启动阶段的动态热环境变化差异;在验证模型的可靠性后,通过数值模拟的方法对直膨式空气源热泵耦合不同末端供暖时,室内的非均匀稳态热环境进行研究分析,并采用等效温度指标对人体局部及整体的热舒适性进行评价。结果表明,DE-HP-T系统在启动阶段室内空气温升速度较快,可达到10.8℃/h,略小于传统热风空调系统的13.8℃/h;但与传统热风空调系统相比,DE-HP-T系统可以避免人体头脚温差过大以及"冷辐射"所造成的热舒适问题,有效提高人体小腿及脚部的热舒适性,具有更加舒适的整体热感觉。     

家用热泵空调送风方式对热舒适性的影响

为研究家用热泵空调送风方式对热舒适性的影响,在人工环境实验室内测试了中送风、下送风和分布式送风的环境参数,并对15名受试者的热感觉和热舒适进行了问卷调查.实验结果表明:初始背景温度为0℃时,分布式送风可快速、均匀地提升人体各部位的空气温度,受试者的整体热感觉以及整体热舒适上升最快,受试者的热舒适性可得到显著改善;室内热环境稳定后,分布式送风温度均匀度最小为1.9℃,在送风区域内的受试者各部位感觉较暖,局部热感觉差异最小,且其他位置的受试者都不觉得冷;稳态局部热感觉与整体热舒适的拟合结果表明,足部热感觉对整体热舒适影响显著,下送风与分布式送风垂直温差小于3℃,在送风区域内,可以明显提升人体足部的热感觉,约75％的受试者对热环境表示满意.综合环境参数测试及问卷调查的结果,分布式送风热舒适性的综合效果最好.     

顶板辐射供冷下不同姿态人体的热舒适性

为了探究辐射供冷环境下人体姿态对热舒适的影响,本文采用主观调查问卷与生理指标测试的方法对夏季顶板辐射供冷下坐姿人体和卧姿人体的热舒适性进行了实验研究。结果表明：人体卧姿状态与坐姿状态皮肤温度的分布有一定差异,两种姿态下热感觉在-0.5—0.5范围内时,卧姿人体所需要的操作温度比坐姿人体高0.5℃左右;最佳热舒适点的操作温度,卧姿状态比坐姿状态高0.7℃。     

室内空气环境对人体热舒适性影响分析

从室内空气环境的影响因素出发,结合一些主要的热舒适性指标,分析了影响热舒适的因素,指出了在暖通空调设计时必须从人体的热舒适角度考虑其设计方案.     

环境色彩对着装温度舒适性的影响

环境、服装、人体是一个统一系统，环境中温湿度以及其他物理指标的变化对人体着装舒适性产生显著影响。讨论环境色彩的改变对人体着装温度舒适性的影响，从而为舒适的环境色彩设计提供理论依据。采用试验方法，在人工气候室内进行人体主观评价和客观生理量测试，并对所获得的数据进行统计分析。通过数据分析认为环境色彩的改变对着装温度舒适性产生影响，并引起皮肤温度的波动从而影响着装温度舒适性，同时环境色彩的变化刺激人体神经系统从而影响舒适感觉，但在正常环境下这个影响因素为非主要影响因子，因此，在正常环境中可以通过调节环境色彩来改变和提高人体着装温度舒适性。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.