三缸内燃式水泵的动力性仿真

针对传统的活塞式内燃机-柱塞泵系统的缺点,研制了三缸内燃式水泵(ICWP).阐述了三缸ICWP的工作原理,建立了系统的运动学、动力学模型,并对其动力性进行了仿真.与活塞式内燃机-柱塞泵系统相比,三缸ICWP输出压力全工况改善20.67%～87.67%,输出流量在全工况基本没有变化,有效功率全工况改善20.67%～87.67%.     

PFI汽油机油气混合过程三维瞬态数值模拟

以KIVA程序作为三维瞬态模拟软件,对进气道喷油式汽油机(PFI汽油机)采用闭阀喷射模式在3 500 r/min全负荷工况以及800 r/min怠速工况下单个工作循环内的油气混合过程进行了计算研究.计算表明两工况有着相似的燃油蒸气浓度分布状况,并且点火前时刻两工况下缸内的混合气浓度分布都比较均匀,空燃比的变化范围不大.计算还表明,800 r/min怠速工况下的燃油蒸发状况明显劣于3 500 r/min全负荷工况,该工况下气道内不仅存在附壁油膜,而且部分油膜不能在本循环完全蒸发,致使点火时刻缸内的燃油蒸气浓度明显低于3 500 r/min工况下的燃油蒸气浓度.     

共轨压力对柴油机噪声及声品质的影响

以某493型柴油机为例研究共轨压力的提高对发动机噪声及声品质的影响机理。对发动机转速1 600 r/min和2 600 r/min全负荷工况下不同共轨压力的发动机噪声和缸内压力进行试验测量,对比不同轨压下的发动机噪声和声品质客观评价指标,并通过燃烧噪声的分析对其影响机理进行研究。最后,从发动机结构衰减和燃烧噪声方面对降噪提出方案。研究结果表明:提高轨压后,发动机整机噪声增大,高频范围更加明显;噪声响度、粗糙度和尖锐度升高;主要原因是轨压的提升使滞燃期内产生更多的可燃混合气,使得缸内压力、高频振荡幅值、压力升高率和放热率增大,燃烧更剧烈,导致燃烧噪声变大,主要体现在高频范围。     

高压直喷天然气发动机外特性燃烧及NO_x排放

以六缸增压中冷发动机为研究对象,采集不同工况下示功图并对NOx排放进行了测试,分析了外特性燃烧特性及排放随转速的变化规律.试验结果表明:在外特性整个转速范围内,瞬时放热率呈先急后缓的趋势,转速越高,瞬时放热率峰值越低;由于低速时滞燃期较长,因此天然气预混燃烧比例较大,各燃烧阶段分界较明显,转速升高到1 100r/min时,滞燃期明显缩短,天然气预混燃烧比例减小,扩散燃烧成为天然气主导的燃烧模式;转速小于900r/min时,NOx排放随转速升高而增加;转速在900~1 600r/min之间时,随转速升高而降低;转速高于1 600r/min时,NOx排放没有明显变化.     

汽油直喷发动机燃烧特性分析

通过试验研究了2.0 L汽油直喷(GDI)发动机在中、低转速和部分负荷下的燃烧特性,并与进气道喷射(PFI)发动机的燃烧特性进行了对比,同时分析了滚流比对GDI燃烧特性的影响.结果表明:在转速为2 000 r/min、平均有效压力为0.2 MPa的工况下,GDI发动机的燃烧速度要低于PFI发动机的;发动机在中、低转速工况下,提高气道滚流比可以增强缸内气流运动强度,提高混合气的燃烧速度;当发动机转速达到3 000 r/min时,高滚流比会引起燃烧过程恶化.进气道翻板的应用可以提高低转速发动机的气流运动速度,加快缸内混合气的燃烧,改善低转速发动机的热效率.在转速为2 000 r/min、平均有效压力为0.2 MPa工况下的计算流体力学分析结果显示,进气道翻板的关闭会增强缸内气流运动强度,提高可燃混合气分布的均匀性.     

柴油机燃用小桐子油喷油及性能分析

通过发动机台架试验,在一台ZH11l5直喷式柴油机上直接燃用小桐子油,进行了喷油、燃烧以及排放试验.主要测量在标定转速为2 200r·min-1和最大转矩转速为1 760 r·min-1下的不同负荷的缸内燃烧压力、油管泵端压力以及NOx排放和烟度排放,并与燃用柴油时进行了对比分析.结果表明:小桐子油与柴油相比,相同工况...     

均质二甲醚/乙醇喷雾压燃的燃烧和排放特性

在改装的2-135柴油发动机上对进气道喷射二甲醚(DME)引燃直喷乙醇的燃烧特性进行研究,分析了燃料预混合率和负荷对缸内压力、放热率、压力升高率和排放等的影响.结果表明:在发动机转速1000 r/min,平均有效压力pBME=0.27、0.41 MPa的工况下,缸内燃烧过程包括DME的均质充量压燃和乙醇喷雾燃烧2部分,随着预混合率增加,DME冷焰反应后的燃烧相位不断提前,燃烧过程由2个阶段发展到4个阶段,而后变为3个阶段;与此同时,缸内压力增大,循环变动减小;排放物中NOx的体积分数随预混合率的变化趋势与负荷有关,在pBME≤0.33 MPa时,NOx的体积分数随预混合率的降低而减小,但pBME=0.41 MPa时,情况则正好相反.     

柴油机曲轴瞬时扭矩的仿真计算与试验验证

为监测多缸柴油机不同缸内的燃烧情况和活塞连杆组质量对柴油机曲轴输出扭矩的影响,采用Matlab/Simulink建立一个基于缸内压力的多缸柴油机瞬时扭矩的动态非线性模型;并在装有自行开发的应变片式非接触扭矩传感器的6-135柴油机上建立瞬时扭矩测量台架,对仿真模型进行验证.对6-135柴油机在额定工况和一缸失火工况下的缸内压力和曲轴瞬时扭矩进行测量,并与仿真计算结果进行比较,计算结果与试验结果较为一致.     

醇类汽油混合燃料发动机燃烧特性试验研究

在不改变汽油机参数的情况下,对汽油机燃用纯汽油和不同比例醇类汽油混合燃料的动力性、经济性和燃烧特性进行了对比试验研究.结果表明:与纯汽油相比,E10、M10的外特性输出功率和扭矩下降2%,M25下降7%;1800 r/min负荷特性下,E10、M10和M25的能耗率分别平均降低了3%、2.5%和5%;同一负荷工况下,E10、M10和M25的着火延迟期和燃烧持续期延长;同一负荷工况下,E10、M10和M25的缸内压力及其峰值降低且峰值推迟,E10和M25的缸内压力升高率降低,但M10的在低负荷时降低、中负荷时升高;同一负荷工况下,E10、M10和M25的缸内放热量及其峰值、瞬时缸内放热率峰值降低;同一负荷工况下,E10、M10和M25的燃烧循环变动程度增加.     

异常低水头下水泵水轮机压力脉动特性分析

为了研究水泵水轮机在异常低水头下内部流动的压力脉动特性,以某抽水蓄能电站模型水泵水轮机为研究对象,基于大涡模拟方法,对模型机组进行全流道非定常数值计算.结合试验数据,分析异常低水头下流道内不同位置处压力脉动特征和流态特征,讨论流量变化对机组压力脉动特性的影响.结果表明:异常低水头下,压力脉动主要由"导叶-转轮-尾水管"之间的两级动静干涉以及肘管段结构弯曲引起水流撞击等因素共同引起;流量变化对导叶后转轮前压力脉动的频率和幅值影响不大,仅在小流量区有所区别;尾水管内压力脉动的低频值和幅值受流量变化的影响较大,而高频值则在各种流量状况下均未出现.与正常运行工况相比,水泵水轮机在异常低水头工况下的压力脉动特性明显增强,对机组的稳定性和安全性造成了十分不利的影响.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.