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1.
Al and Y modified silicide coatings on the Nb-15Si-22Ti-(2,14)Cr-2Al-2Hf-2V alloys(where the alloy with 2 at%Cr or 14 at%Cr is hereafter referred to as 2Cr and 14 Cr alloy,respectively) was prepared by pack cementation.The microstructural evolution and the oxidation behaviours of the coating 2Cr and 14 Cr samples at 1250 ℃ were studied.The 2Cr alloy consists of Nb solid solution(Nb_(SS)) and α-Nb_5Si_3 silicide,while the Laves C15-Cr_2Nb phase arised in the 14 Cr alloy.The coating structure of the coating 2Cr sample contained the outer(Nb,X)Si_2+(Nb,X)_5Si_3 layer,the middle(Nb,X)_5Si_3 layer and the inner undeveloped intermetallic(Nb,Ti)_3(Al,X) layer,the structure of the coating 14 Cr sample consisted of the outer single(Nb,X)Si_2 layer,the middle(Nb,X)_5Si_3 layer,the transition(Nb,Ti)(Cr,Al) layer and the inner(Cr,Al)_2(Nb,Ti) layer.The coating 14 Cr sample exhibited better oxidation resistance than the coating 2Cr sample.With an outer single(Nb,X)Si_2 layer,a compact oxide scale consisting of SiO_2 and TiO_2 formed on the coating14 Cr sample,which can efficiently prevent the substrate from oxidising.For the coating 2Cr sample with an outer(Nb,X)Si_2 +(Nb,X)_5Si_3 layer,the oxide scale of the SiO_2,TiO_2,Nb_2O_5 and CrNbO_4 mixture generated,and the scale spalled out from the surface of the sample,resulting in disastrous failure.  相似文献   

2.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2021,28(12):1957-1965
To investigate the oxidation behavior of a nickel-based superalloy with high hafnium content (1.34wt%), this study performed isothermal oxidation tests at 900, 1000, and 1100°C for up to 200 h. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were applied to study the oxidation behavior. The weight gain of the high Hf nickel-based superalloy exhibited a parabola-like curve, and no spallation of the oxide scale was observed during the oxidation tests. The alloy presented excellent oxidation resistance, and no HfO2 was observed in the oxide scale at 900°C. With the increase of the oxidation temperature to 1000°C, HfO2 particles formed in the spinel phases of the scale, and “peg-like” HfO2 was observed within and beneath the inner layer of Al2O3 after 200 h. As the oxidation temperature rose to 1100°C, “peg-like” HfO2 was observed at the early stage of the oxidation test (within 25 h). The formation mechanism of HfO2 and its impact on oxidation resistance were investigated based on the analysis of the oxidation test results at different temperatures.  相似文献   

3.
<正>To explore and study the Fe-Al system alloy presenting exceptional oxidation resistance at high temperature,the Fe-36Al-0.09C-0.09B-0.04Zr alloy was designed and developed.The microstructure and hardness of the backing at 1250℃were analyzed and measured.Thermodynamics and kinetics of the oxidation behavior were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques.The results show that the microstructure of the Fe-36Al-0.09C-0.09B-0.04Zr alloy is FeAl phase at ambient temperature and is stable at 1250℃.It displays the excellent property of oxidation resistance because the oxide film has only the Al_2O_3 layer,and its oxidation kinetics curve obeys the parabolic law at 1250℃.The oxidation mechanism at 1250℃is presumed that in the early oxidation period,the alloy oxidizes to form a large number of Al_2O_3 and a little Fe_2O_3,then,the enrichment of Al caused by Fe oxidization combines with O to form Al_2O_3.  相似文献   

4.
The oxidation behavior of a nickel-based superalloy at 1000℃ in air was investigated through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. A series of oxides, including external oxide scales (Cr2O3, (TiO2 + MnCr2O4)) and internal oxides (Al2O3,TiN), were formed on the surface or sub-surface of the substrate at 1000℃ in experimental still air. The oxidation resistance of the alloy was dependent on the stability of the surface oxide layer. The continuity and density of the protective Cr2O3 scale were affected by minor alloying elements such as Ti and Mn. The outermost oxide scale was composed of TiO2 rutile and MnCr2O4 spinel, and the growth of TiO2 particles was controlled by the outer diffusion of Ti ions through the pre-existing oxide layer. Severe internal oxidation occurred beneath the external oxide scale, consuming Al and Ti of the strength phase γ' (Ni3(Al,Ti)) and thereby severely deteriorating the surface mechanical properties. The depth of the internal oxidation region was approximately 35 μm after exposure to experimental air at 1000℃ for 80 h.  相似文献   

5.
To improve the oxidation properties of ferritic heat-resistant steels,an Al-bearing 9Cr-5Si-3Al ferritic heat-resistant steel was designed.We then conducted cyclic oxidation tests to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behavior of 9Cr-5Si and 9Cr-5Si-3Al ferritic heat-resistant steels at 900 and 1000℃.The characteristics of the oxide layer were analyzed by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results show that the oxidation kinetics curves of the two tested steels follow the parabolic law,with the parabolic rate constant k_p of 9Cr-5Si-3Al steel being much lower than that of 9Cr-5Si steel at both 900 and 1000℃.The oxide film on the surface of the 9Cr-5Si alloy exhibits Cr_2MnO_4 and Cr_2O_3 phases in the outer layer after oxidation at 900 and 1000℃.However,at oxidation temperatures of 900 and 1000℃,the oxide film of the 9Cr-5Si-3Al alloy consists only of Al_2O_3 and its oxide layer is thinner than that of the 9Cr-5Si alloy.These results indicate that the addition of Al to the 9Cr-5Si steel can improve its high-temperature oxidation resistance,which can be attributed to the formation of a continuous and compact Al_2O_3 film on the surface of the steel.  相似文献   

6.
《矿物冶金与材料学报》2020,27(9):1244-1250
To improve the oxidation properties of ferritic heat-resistant steels, an Al-bearing 9Cr?5Si?3Al ferritic heat-resistant steel was designed. We then conducted cyclic oxidation tests to investigate the high-temperature oxidation behavior of 9Cr?5Si and 9Cr?5Si?3Al ferritic heat-resistant steels at 900 and 1000°C. The characteristics of the oxide layer were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the oxidation kinetics curves of the two tested steels follow the parabolic law, with the parabolic rate constant kp of 9Cr?5Si?3Al steel being much lower than that of 9Cr?5Si steel at both 900 and 1000°C. The oxide film on the surface of the 9Cr?5Si alloy exhibits Cr2MnO4 and Cr2O3 phases in the outer layer after oxidation at 900 and 1000°C. However, at oxidation temperatures of 900 and 1000°C, the oxide film of the 9Cr?5Si?3Al alloy consists only of Al2O3 and its oxide layer is thinner than that of the 9Cr?5Si alloy. These results indicate that the addition of Al to the 9Cr?5Si steel can improve its high-temperature oxidation resistance, which can be attributed to the formation of a continuous and compact Al2O3 film on the surface of the steel.  相似文献   

7.
B–Y modified silicide coatings were prepared on Nb–Si based alloy by pack cementation at 1300 ℃ for 10 h. The effect of Y_2O_3 content in the pack mixtures on microstructure and oxidation resistance of the coatings was investigated. The results show that the four coatings have similar structures, which possess a(Nb,X)Si_2 outer layer and a(Nb,X)_5Si_3 transitional layer. Y_2O_3 content in the pack mixtures has an obvious effect on the Si content in the coating. The mass gains of the coatings prepared with 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 wt% Y_2O_3 in pack mixtures are 2.33, 1.96, 2.05 and 2.86 mg/cm~2 after oxidation at 1250 ℃ for 100 h, respectively. The coating prepared with 1 wt% Y_2O_3 exhibits the best oxidation resistance due to the formation of a dense glass-like borosilicate scale.  相似文献   

8.
This work addresses the alloying of titanium aluminides used in aircraft engine applications and automobiles. The oxidation resistance behavior of two titanium aluminides of α2 + γ(Ti3Al + TiAl) and orthorhombic Ti2NbAl, recognized as candidates for high-temperature applications, was investigated by exposure of the alloys for 100 h in air. Thus, oxidation resistance was expressed as the mass gain rate, whereas surface aspects were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and the type of oxidation products was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The orthorhombic Ti2NbAl alloy was embrittled, and pores and microcracks were formed as a result of oxygen diffusion through the external oxide layer formed during thermal oxidation for 100 h.  相似文献   

9.
In order to comprehensively understand the forming mechanism of abnormal phases solidified in a nickel-base cast superalloy with additives of tungsten and molybdenum, the coupling effects of W and Mo on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the precipitation of primary α-(W, Mo) phase depended tremendously on the amount of W and Mo addition. When the total amount of W and Mo was greater than 5.79 at%, α-(W, Mo) phase became easily precipitated in the alloy.With increasing of Mo/W ratio, the dendrite-like α-(W, Mo) phases were apt to convert into small bars or blockylike phases at the vicinities of γ′/γ eutectic. The morphological changes of α-(W, Mo) phase can be interpreted as the non-equilibrium solidification of W and Mo in the alloy. Since the large sized α-(W, Mo) phase has detrimental effects on stress-rupture properties in as-cast conditions, secondary cracks may mainly initiate at and then propagate along the interfaces of brittle phases and soft matrix. During exposing at 1100 ℃ for 1000 h, the α-(W, Mo) phases transformed gradually into bigger and harder M_6C carbide, which results in decreasing of stress-rupture properties of the alloy. Finally, the alloy with an addition of 14W-1Mo(wt%) maintained the longest stress lives at high temperatures and therefore it revealed the best microstructure stability after 1100 ℃/1000 h thermal exposure.  相似文献   

10.
b-NiAlDy cast alloys containing varying aluminum content were prepared by arcmelting. The microstructures and cyclic oxidation behavior of the alloys at 1200 1C were investigated. Grain refinement was achieved by increasing aluminum content in the alloy, which is beneficial to selective oxidation. The Ni–55Al–0.1Dy alloy showed excellent cyclic oxidation resistance due to the formation of a continuous, dense and slow-growing oxide scale. In contrast to this, severe internal oxidation as well as large void formation at the scale/alloy interface occurred in the Ni–45Al–0.1Dy alloy. The aluminum content dependence of the reactive element effects in b- NiAlDy was established that Dy doping strengthened the scale/alloy interface by pegging mechanism in high-aluminum alloys but accelerated internal oxidation in low-aluminum alloys during high-temperature exposure.  相似文献   

11.
固体酸催化剂和载体上芳烃的选择性硝化   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
硝化研究的重要意义之一是探索更具选择性的方法。该文讨论了应用同体酸催化剂和载体,在醋酐存在下,采用硝酸盐和载体硝酸盐硝化甲苯和氯苯的选择性.8种金属硝酸盐中,硝酸铜表现好的硝化特性。层状粘士较沸石分子筛、杂多酸盐等是颇具前景的芳烃选择性硝化催化剂和载体.四氯化碳和甲苯为较好的溶剂介质.阻此条件,甲苯和氯苯的划邻硝化产物比例分为1.2和5.6,较之硝硫混酸的结果(甲苯0.6,氯苯1.8).其对位硝化能力显著提高。  相似文献   

12.
采用模拟过度训练大鼠模型,观察了大鼠心肌线粒体的MDA、巯基(-SH)、还原型谷胱苷肽(GSH)、磷脂A2(PLA2)、游离钙(Fca2+)等指标,结果表明:过度训练组大鼠心肌线粒体与对照组相比,-SH含量和GSH含量显著降低(P〈0.01),PLA2活性显著增加(P〈0.01);MDA、Fca2+含量明显升高(P〈0.01).本文根据以上结果探讨了运动时机体产生的活性氧的氧化过程与过度训练后心肌线粒体膜结构变化以及游离钙之间的关系,提出过度训练后PLA2活性增加可能是其发生机制的关键指标,通过对这一指标的进一步观察能更好地了解过度训练发生的分子机制。  相似文献   

13.
标准化视角下智慧城市建设面临的问题及发展路径   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
城市化不可逆转背景下,智慧城市作为城市发展的未来受到广泛关注和大力推进.在此过程中出现了众多因"智有余而慧不足"所造成的技术堆积、以作用代需求、资源浪费和重复建设、城市运转内耗等问题.文章在剖析智慧城市本质及核心要义的基础上,提出智慧城市建设思路,强调尊重城市资源禀赋、关注互联互通及协调共享、基于公众感知定义智慧城市发展方向,并对借助标准化的力量推动智慧城市进程给出了建议.  相似文献   

14.
从《奥兰多》看伍尔夫的“双性共体”观   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫富有创意的幻想小说<奥兰多>(1928)一度引起后世女权主义者的重视.在身兼两性的主人公奥兰多身上,寄托了伍尔夫对于性别的思考:在那些比较敏感的艺术型人物身上,男性气质和女性气质交织在一起,两性的相融才是创造出优秀作品的重要原因.本文通过奥兰多性别转变的象征意义、转变后在两性间的摇摆以及转变前后的异同三个角度,剖析伍尔夫是如何通过奥兰多的心理嬗变来形象地表现她的双性共体思想的.  相似文献   

15.
人脸的活体检测是人脸识别系统的安全性保证,传统交互式活体状态识别中通常先进行关键点检测,再进行人脸活体状态判断,无法利用活体属性之间关联性同时进行多种活体属性检测。基于多任务卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN),提出了一种直接从输入人脸中同时判断人脸的眼睛睁闭状态、嘴巴的张闭状态、头部点头状态和摇头中左右侧脸状态四个任务的活体检测方法。该方法利用多层CNN强大的特征提取能力、多任务的并行能力和四个任务中的关联性,直接提取人脸照片中的特征信息,判断人脸多个活体属性。实际应用结果表明,这种基于多任务CNN方法的准确率在四个任务中均可达95%以上,甚至达到98%以上,无论检测的准确率还是同时检测多个任务的能力均明显优于传统的人脸活体属性检测方法。  相似文献   

16.
为实现超小光学元件(直径小于φ15 mm)光谱参数的检测,在现有商用分光光度计的基础上,对设备进行了改进完善,通过在测试光路和参考光路增加衰减比相匹配的缩束小孔,成功实现了检测光束的缩束。实验结果表明:改进后的设备基线平直度不大于!0.001 A,标准元件检测结果与标定值偏差不超过0.05%。  相似文献   

17.
本文从原文语体风格的处理、原文理解和词汇概念表达上的准确性以及句章翻译的灵活性及其衔接与连贯三个方面对唐代著名散文《师说》的两种英译本做了对比研究 ,并提出杨宪益夫妇的译文要比谢百魁的更地道、更能为读者所接受  相似文献   

18.
以不透水面占比作为城市化强度(UI)的定量指标, 采用全球哺乳动物丰富度网格数据集, 结合气候因素和生境特点, 研究我国长三角城市群哺乳动物丰富度沿城乡梯度的空间分布格局。通过对比长三角城市群及其所处自然地理区(华东)哺乳动物丰富度的分布格局和驱动因素, 分析城市化和背景气候的贡献。结果表明: 1) 哺乳动物丰富度沿城乡梯度均呈水平“S”型分布; 2) 在背景自然地理区域, 气候因素(如年平均降水和最冷月最低温等)对丰富度分布起主导作用(R2=88.2%); 3) UI在华东地区与丰富度负相关, 在长三角城市群则弱正相关(P<0.001), 林地对丰富度存在正面影响, 耕地存在负面影响。因此, 城市化对哺乳动物丰富度影响在城市群尺度更为明显, 应更多关注如何区分城市化和背景气候对生物多样性的影响。  相似文献   

19.
系统地研究黄河下游春秋两季水样和沉积物中50种PFASs的分布特征和生态风险。结果表明, PFASs在春秋两季水样中检出的总浓度范围分别为29.83~54.44和16.18~57.81 ng/L, 春秋两季沉积物中PFASs的含量范围分别为18.12~36.16和13.01~36.78 ng/g。在春秋两季占比最高的3类物质在水相和沉积物中均为全氟烷基羧酸(PFCAs)、全氟烷基磺酸(PFSAs)和n:2氟调聚磺酸(n:2 FTSs)。作为新型PFASs, n:2 FTSs在水相和沉积物中均有较高的检出水平。全氟辛酸(PFOA)在水相和沉积物中的主要替代物为短链PFCAs, 六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸(HFPO-DA)则在沉积物中对PFOA有更高的替代趋势; 全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)在水相和沉积物中的主要替代物为6:2 FTS。风险熵值法分析结果表明, 水体中各PFASs目标物均未达到环境生态风险水平。  相似文献   

20.
Riser VIV and its Numerical Simulation   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
This paper summarizes some of the typical riser vortex-induced vibration (VIV) problems in subsea oil and gas developments,and presents the corresponding computational fluid dynamics (CFD) time domain simulation results to address these problems. First,the CFD time domain simulation approach was applied to analyze the wake field behind a stationary cylinder and a vibrating cylinder. Then a vertical riser VIV response under uniform current was studied. The VIV response time histories revealed some valuable clues that could lead to explanation of the higher harmonics. After that,a vertical riser VIV response under shear current was investigated. A 3 000 ft (1 ft=0.304 8 m) water depth top tensioned riser was sized,and its VIV responses under uniform and shear current were studied. Then this paper continues to discuss one catenary flexible riser VIV response during normal lay. Last,the time domain simulation approach was applied to a partially submerged flexible jumper,to study the jumper VIV behavior,and dynamic motion envelopes. It was demonstrated that the time domain simulation approach is able to disclose details of the flow field,vortex shedding pattern,and riser dynamic behavior,and han-dle different types of risers under different type of currents.  相似文献   

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