SmMn2Ge2和GdMn2Ge2中的自发磁相变和场诱导的磁相变

在 1 0～ 80 0K的温度范围内用X射线衍射方法测量了SmMn2 Ge2 和GdMn2 Ge2 的晶格常数与温度的变化关系 .实验结果表明 :在各种类型的自发磁相变温度处观察到晶格常数的磁弹性异常现象 ;Mn Mn间的交换相互作用能不仅与晶格常数a有关 ,而且与晶格常数c有关 .此外 ,在 2 7T的脉冲强磁场中测量了SmMn2 Ge2 及GdMn2 Ge2 的磁致伸缩 ,在这 2种化合物中观察到了场诱导的一级磁相变 .     

TbFe10.5-xMnxMo1.5化合物的结构和磁性

用X射线和磁性测量研究了Mn替代Fe对TbFe10.5-xMnxMo1.5型金属间化合物的结构和磁性的影响。X射线衍射表明：TbFe10.5-xMnxMo1.5(x=1．5，2．0，3．0，4．0，5．0)化合物均为TnMn12型四方结构，晶格常数和单胞体积均随Mn含量增加而增大。磁性测量表明：TbFe10.5-xMnxMo1.5（x=1．5，2．0，3．0，4．0，5．0)化合物的居里温度和过渡金属次晶格磁矩随Mn含量的增加而逐渐降低；x=3．0化合物的热磁曲线上出现一个非零磁矩的类似补偿点；在4．5K温度下，化合物的饱和磁矩随Mn含量的增加而缓慢减小；x=3．0时达到最小值，然后又随Mn含量的增加而迅速增大。     

金属间化合物ErFe12-xMnx的结构和磁性

研究了Mn对金属间化合物ErFe12-xMnx的结构和磁性的影响。2．0≤x≤5．0成分范围内的ErFe12-xMnx化合物具有单相ThMn12型结构。晶格常数α和c及单胞体积V随Mn成分的增加而增大。ErFe10Mn2和ErFe9Mn3化合物的热磁曲线上出现了自旋重取向转变,ErFe8Mn4化合物的热磁曲线上出现了补偿点。随着Mn成分增加,居里温度TC单调降低,过渡金属次晶格磁矩μT单调减小。     

金属间化合物ErFe11-xMnxTi的结构和磁性

研究了Mn部分替代ErFe11Ti中的Fe对化合物结构和磁性的影响，利用真空电弧熔炼和真空热处理制备了ErFe11-xMnxTi（x=1.5,2.0,3.0.4.0,5.0,6.0)化合物样品，室温粉末样品的X射线衍射和热磁曲线测量表明：2．0≤x≤5.0成分范围内的ErFe11-xMnxTi化合物具有ThMn12型结构，且具有良好的单相性，随着Mn含量的增加，晶格常数以及单胞体积增大，在ErFe3Mn2Ti化合物的热磁曲线上观察到了自旋重取向转变，随着Mn含量的增加，居里温度单调降低，过液金属次晶格磁矩单调减小，化合物在4．4K温度下的饱和磁矩随Mn含量的增加而逐渐减小，在x=3.0附近的某一成分点为零，而后随Mn含量的继续增加而增大。     

Cl掺杂对Mn-Fe-P-Si化合物结构、磁性和磁热性能的影响

使用机械合金化和固相烧结法制备出Mn_(1.1)Fe_(0.8)P_(0.55-x)Si_(0.45)Cl_x(x=0,0.003,0.009,0.015)系列化合物,研究了其结构、磁性及磁热性能。XRD结果表明,该化合物结晶后的结构为空间群为P-62m的Fe_2P型六角结构,可观察到明显的(Mn, Fe)_3Si杂相,且含量随着Cl元素含量的增加而增加。随着Cl元素含量的增加,其晶格常数a减小、c增大。热滞逐渐从Cl元素含量为0时的24K增加到含量为0.015时的41K。化合物的居里温度和等温磁熵变随着Cl元素的增加而逐渐降低,但对其相对制冷能力影响较小。Cl元素含量为0时的化合物磁熵变最大,在0-3T的外磁场变化下的磁熵变为25.9J/kg·K~(-1)。     

SmMn2Ge2和GdMn2Ge2中的自发磁相变和场诱导的磁相变

在10～800K的温度范围内用X射线衍射方法测量了SmMn2和GdMn2Ge2的晶格常数与温度的变化关系．实验结果表明在各种类型的自发磁相变温度处观察到晶格常数的磁弹性异常现象;Mn-Mn间的交换相互作用能不仅与晶格常数a有关,而且与晶格常数c有关．此外,在27T的脉冲强磁场中测量了SmMn2Ge2及GdMn2Ge2的磁致伸缩,在这2种化合物中观察到了场诱导的一级磁相变．     

制备工艺对(Mn,Fe)_2(P,X)(X=Ge,Si,B)化合物磁性和磁热效应的影响

研究不同制备工艺对Fe_2P-型(MnFe)_2(P,X)(X=Ge, Si, B)系列化合物的晶体结构、磁性和磁热效应的影响。利用传统固相烧结结合外磁场加热、不同的热处理温度和时间、淬火和缓慢冷却处理等方法制备了(Mn, Fe)_2(P,X)(X=Ge, Si, B)系列化合物。粉末X射线衍射(XRD)实验结果表明,该系列化合物均形成了Fe_2P型六角结构。采用磁性测量表征居里温度和热滞,并计算等温磁熵变。结果表明,磁场热处理(1 000℃,1.1 T真空)使Mn_(1.1)Fe_(0.85)P_(0.5)Si_(0.5)和Mn_(1.1)Fe_(0.9)P_(0.75)Ge_(0.25)化合物的铁磁-顺磁相变温区变宽,导致在其居里温度处的磁热效应减小。另发现Mn_1Fe_(0.95)P_(0.587)Si_(0.34)B_(0.073)化合物的磁相变与烧结和淬火温度的敏感关系。随着淬火温度的升高,相变宽度减小,导致磁熵变增大,但热滞先减小再增大。由此获得磁热性能最佳的化合物:当淬火温度为1 100℃时,其居里温度在室温附近,热滞小于3 K,并且在0～1 T的外加磁场变化下的最大等温磁熵变高达11 J/(kg·K),显示了该材料巨大的磁制冷潜力。     

ErFe_(11-x)Cr_xTi化合物结构和居里温度研究

通过X射线衍射和磁测量手段研究ErFe11-xCrxTi(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0)化合物的晶体结构与居里温度.结果表明:ErFe11-xCrxTi化合物均为ThMn12型结构.Cr对Fe的替代导致单胞体积和晶格参数c的单调减小以及晶格参数a的复杂变化,这可能与Cr的择优占位有关;同时,随着Cr替代量x的增加,ErFe11-xCrxTi化合物的居里温度单调下降,这可能是Cr的替代引起3d次晶格中铁磁交换作用削弱和Cr择优占位共同作用的结果.     

MnFe_(1-x)Z_xP_(0.77)Ge_(0.23)(Z=Co,Ni)系列化合物的结构与磁性

利用高能球磨法和粉末烧结法制备了MnFe_(1-x)Z_xP_(0.77)Ge_(0.23)(Z=Co,Ni)系列化合物,研究了样品的物相结构、磁热效应及电子状态.X射线衍射结果表明,该系列化合物均形成Fe2P型六角结构,空间群为P62m.用Co和Ni分别替代Fe,随着Co和Ni含量的增加,晶格常数a逐渐减小,c逐渐增加.磁性测量结果表明,MnFeP_(0.77)Ge_(0.23)化合物的居里温度为360K,用Co和Ni分别替代Fe后,随着Co和Ni含量的增加,化合物的居里温度、热滞和等温磁熵变均降低.FeL_3边XANES分析结果表明,用Co和Ni分别替代Fe后,Fe的+3价态减弱,Fe的+2价态增强.     

Mn_5Ge_(3-x)Sb_x(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)化合物的晶体结构和磁性

测量了不同温度下系列化合物Mn_5Ge-(3-x)Sb_x(x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3)的磁性。这种化合物具有Mn_5Si_3型D8_8晶体结构,空间群为P6_3/mcm。随着元素Sb含量的增加,居里温度T_c随之增加,而Mn原子的平均磁矩和有效磁矩随之减少。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the