广西桂平锰矿区土壤重金属含量及形态分析

选取Mn、Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Cd 6种重金属指标,对广西桂平锰矿不同区域土壤的重金属含量及形态分布进行分析。结果表明,该矿区土壤中的6种重金属元素含量均超过了广西的土壤背景值,主要污染物是Mn和Cd。Mn元素以铁锰氧化物结合态为主,占总量的73.11%~92.67%;Pb元素主要为可交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态,分别占总量的28.96%~46.59%、15.74%~38.62%和18.72%~36.94%;Zn和Cu的形态分布相似,以残渣态为主,分别占总量的61.75%~80.01%和62.75%~85.67%,其次以铁锰氧化物结合态存在,分别占总量的7.34%~18.68%和8.17%~22.93%;Cr元素以残渣态为主,占总量的74.89%~85.87%;Cd元素形态分布相对较均匀,其中可交换态所占比例最大,占总量的28.24%~36.00%。综合土壤中重金属含量和形态分析结果可知,Mn、Cd元素对该锰矿区生态系统的潜在影响较大。     

忻州市忻府区灌区土壤重金属形态分析及生态风险评价

通过野外采样调查和实验分析,对忻州市忻府区灌区土壤中Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb的含量和化学形态进行了分析,并对灌区土壤重金属污染进行了风险评价。结果表明:忻府区灌区土壤中Zn、Cr、Ni、Pb的含量高于土壤环境背景值,但低于国家二级标准,Cu的含量低于土壤环境背景值;灌区土壤中Zn、Cr、Ni主要以残余态为主,Cu有机结合态所占比例最高,Pb铁锰氧化物结合态所占比例最高;忻府区灌区生态风险等级为B级,生态风险性较轻,土壤Pb的潜在生态危害性较高,应作为忻府区灌区土壤中优先控制的重金属。     

芜湖市工业区土壤重金属形态分布特征

通过野外调查和实验分析,对芜湖市工业区土壤重金属的形态、含量和分布进行了研究. 结果表明:在四褐山工业区和马塘工业区,土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd含量明显高于土壤元素背景值.重金属的矿物态在总量中所占比例较高,交换态、有机结合态含量较少;统计分析表明:Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn在土壤中的形态分布与土壤pH值、有机质含量等因素密切相关.     

皖北砂姜黑土Cu、Cd、Zn形态分布特征

采用小麦农田取样,对土壤中的重金属运用连续提取方法,研究了皖北砂姜黑土中Cu、Cd、Zn的化学形态、含量及分布特征.结果表明:在砂姜黑土中,重金属Cu、Cd、Zn含量的平均值高于该土地土壤的背景值.土壤中Cu、Cd、Zn的残留态在总量中所占比例比较高,交换态、有机态、碳酸盐结合态含量明显低于残留态.在三种元素中,Zn的化学形态变化趋势最为一致,表现为残留态＞碳酸盐结合态＞铁锰氧化物结合态＞有机态＞交换态;统计分析表明:Cu、Cd、Zn在砂姜黑土中的形态分布与土壤PH值、有机质含量等因素相关;该土壤受到了一定程度的污染.     

污泥农用对碱性土壤重金属元素形态分布的影响

采用一种新的连续浸提方法,研究污泥长期(8 a)施用对碱性土壤中Zn、Cu、Ni、Cd和Pb元素的总量及元素形态分布的影响。结果表明:污泥农用显著增加了土壤中Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb元素的总量,而对Ni元素的总量无显著影响;土壤中Zn、Ni、Cd和Pb元素的主要存在形态为残渣态(61%~84%),其次为乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)提取态,而Cu元素主要为EDTA提取态(42%);污泥农用对土壤中Ni和Pb元素的形态分布无显著影响,但提高了Zn、Cu和Cd元素的EDTA提取态、Zn和Cu元素的有机质结合态以及Cd元素的残渣态比例,而且减小了Zn元素的残渣态、Zn和Cu元素的晶体铁铝氧化物结合态、Cu元素的醋酸-醋酸钠提取态以及Cd元素的可交换态比例;土壤重金属总量、p H和有机质含量是影响重金属元素形态分布的主要因素。     

密云水库沉积物中重金属元素分布及形态研究

主要研究了北京市密云水库沉积物中重金属的总量以及形态分布特征,采用风险评价准则法(RAC)和Tucker3模型探讨沉积物中重金属的潜在危害性.结果表明,各重金属元素的平均含量都超过北京市土壤背景值,重金属元素有一定的富集.Cu有机结合态约占总量的3%～68%;Mn可交换态、碳酸盐结合态约占总量的1%～18%、7%～31%;Pb、Zn的铁锰氧化物结合态分别占总量的12%～53%、4%～27%;其它重金属均以铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态为主,平均含量占总量的80%以上.根据RAC法得出,Mn(除采样点18)处于中等风险甚至高风险等级;Pb、Zn、Cu属从低风险到中等风险级;Ni、V、Cr、Ti的潜在生态风险较低.该结论将为北京市密云水库保护、人体健康安全保护措施的制定提供科学依据.     

海泡石与菌根对污染土壤中Pb、Cd、Zn形态的影响

为修复重金属复合污染的土壤,采用连续提取法,通过盆栽实验研究了海泡石与菌根对土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Zn形态的影响。结果表明:海泡石可使Pb、Cd的可交换态转化成其他4种形态,使Zn的可交换态转化成碳酸盐结合态、有机物结合态和残渣态;菌根能显著增加可交换态的Pb、Cd、Zn浓度,降低了Pb的碳酸盐结合态、Cd的铁锰氧化态、Zn的有机物结合态的浓度。海泡石和菌根联合处理同单施海泡石的结果相似,说明联合修复中对重金属形态的影响海泡石起主导作用。该研究证实了海泡石可以调节重金属Pb、Cd、Zn的形态,从而降低污染土壤中重金属的生物有效性。     

不同剂量外源重金属注入对土壤重金属形态分布的影响

以塿土为研究对象,在添加不同剂量重金属盐的条件下,采用改进后的Tessier法测定了土壤重金属的形态,研究了不同剂量重金属盐注入后土壤重金属形态分布的变化规律。结果表明:外源重金属注入剂量的高低对塿土中Pb、Cd形态、分布影响较大,对Zn影响较小。低剂量处理后Pb形态分布为:残渣态有机结合态≈铁锰氧化物结合态交换态碳酸盐结合态;较低剂量、中剂量及较高剂量处理后形态分布为:残渣态铁锰氧化物结合态有机结合态碳酸盐结合态交换态,而高剂量处理后形态分布变为:铁锰氧化物结合态碳酸盐结合态残渣态有机结合态交换态。Cd盐处理后,低剂量和较低剂量注入后其形态分布为:残渣态铁锰氧化物结合态≈交换态有机结合态碳酸盐结合态,其他剂量注入后各形态分布呈无规律变化。不同剂量Zn盐处理后土壤中Zn形态分布始终为:残渣态铁锰氧化物结合态有机结合态碳酸盐结合态交换态。     

不同比例羟基磷灰石对沉积物中重金属形态影响的比较

通过考察模拟污染沉积物中重金属的形态分布规律,研究不同比例的羟基磷灰石对污染沉积物中不同重金属的固定化效果.结果表明:羟基磷灰石掺杂后重金属残渣态的质量分数变化不大,但随掺杂比例的加大,Pb,Cd,Zn由可交换态向其他结合态转化的质量分数增加,Cu由碳酸盐结合态向其他结合态转化的质量分数增加.羟基磷灰石的掺杂导致可交换态和碳酸盐结合态Pb的质量分数之和下降,当掺杂物质的量比为6时,质量分数为25.5%～36.1%的可交换态和碳酸盐结合态的Pb转化为其他较稳定的结合态,但对Cd,Cu,Zn的影响较Pb小.     

连续提取法对电镀废水污染土壤重金属形态研究

采用五级化学连续提取法测定电镀废水污染的土壤中Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb及Mn等重金属的五种形态(可交换态,碳酸盐结合态,Fe-Mn氧化物结合态,有机结合态,残留态),分析金属元素和土壤固相组分的结合形态.结果显示,电镀废水污染的土壤中Cu、Cr和Mn的有效态含量较高,而Ni和Pb则主要以残留态为主;在有效态中,Cu、Cr和Ni主要以有机结合态存在,分别占有效态含量的54.1%,73.5%和39.1%,而Mn和Pb则以可交换态含量最高,分别占有效态含量的38.9%和39.6%;大部分Cr来源于电镀废水污染;电镀废水污染的土壤中Mn对植物的影响最为直接.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.