基于多通道时频相干的诱发电位单次提取

针对信噪比低、频带宽的诱发电位信号单次提取问题，提出了一种在时间—频率域中的多通道相干成分分离算法．本算法采用头皮电板进行多通道同步观测和记录，在各通道的观测数据中诱发电位信号具有较高的相干性，而其他干扰信号的相干性较低，因此根据其相干性将诱发电位信号与其他信号分离，实现诱发电位的提取．为实现相干成分的分离，本算法首先应用于小波包分解将信号在时频域展开，然后通过计算相干系数确定相干的诱发电位信号在时频域中的分布区，并据此去除噪声的能量分布而得到诱发电位的时频域分布，再通过小波包重构就可以分别提取出各通道中高信噪比的诱发电位信号．本算法可以有效地提取各类宽频带信号，能够极大地提高低信噪比信号的辨识能力，具有良好的非重复信号捕捉性能，应用此算法已成功地实现了视觉诱发电位的单次提取．     

基于改进小波包去噪与梅尔倒谱系数的低信噪比交通环境声音识别

随着自动驾驶汽车研究的不断深入,对其环境感知系统提出了更高的要求。为了使自动驾驶汽车适应更复杂的交通环境,本文研究了低信噪比声学环境感知技术,提出改进的小波包去噪方法;采用经验模态分解(EMD)的方法改进梅尔频率倒谱系数(MFCC)的提取;采用支持向量机(SVM)识别模型完成低信噪比交通环境声音识别。实验结果表明,本文提取的去噪方法提高声音事件信噪比的同时保持声音特征,且对噪声有自适应性;改进的MFCC提取方法一定程度上提高了特征参数的抗噪性能。通过对低信噪比交通环境声音去噪和特征参数优化后,其平均识别率比优化前提高了33.34%,并改变了识别率骤降的趋势。     

用于周期分解语音活动检测的基频提取方法研究

介绍了基于语音信号周期分解的语音活动检测算法.传统语音活动检测算法在动态低信噪比背景噪声环境下的效果很不理想,这主要是因为传统方法中提取的能量与过零率等检测特征针对的是平稳噪声,对信噪比的变化很敏感.而本文介绍的周期分解语音活动检测方法能较好地解决这个问题,因为语音信号中浊音段的周期性是区别一般噪声信号的重要特征,并且该特征受背景噪声类型和信噪比变化的影响小.在周期分解语音活动检测方法中,基频提取的准确性对最终检测性能有很大影响.针对此情况,提出了自相关、循环均值幅度差分和YIN三种基频提取算法相融合的方法.实验结果表明,在背景噪声为白噪声、汽车噪声、嘈杂人声以及信噪比0dB,5dB,10dB的情况下,该方法相对单一基频提取算法,可以有效提升基频提取与周期分解语音活动检测的准确性.     

基于奇异值分解的连续小波消噪方法

针对小波软阈值消噪的缺点,提出了一种基于奇异值分解的连续小波消噪方法.通过对小波变换的系数矩阵进行奇异值分解,将其中的信号特征成分和噪声分解到不同的正交子空间中,在子空间中选取集成信号特征成分的奇异值矢量进行重构,从而提取出淹没在噪声中的信号成分.通过仿真数据的对比分析和工程测试信号的应用,表明该方法适用于冲击成分信号的提取,与软阈值消噪法相比,它提取出的信号特征成分更完整,信噪比更高.     

基于经验模态分解的水下目标回波提取

为在噪声中有效提取水下目标回波,提出一种基于经验模态分解的目标回波提取方法,分别对目标回波与噪声进行经验模态分解,得到二者各阶的固有模态信号分量;计算二者各阶的固有模态分量的能量,求取对应各阶的能量差,并与门限相比较,选取大于门限的固有模态分量重构目标回波信号.分析了经验模态分解阶数和选择门限等因素对重构信号精度的影响.仿真结果表明,该方法可精确提取目标回波.采用该方法提取信号的均方误差均低于自适应滤波方法,尤其在低信噪比时.     

基于小波包和独立分量分析的微弱多源故障声发射信号分离

针对旋转机械设备中同时存在的裂纹、摩擦等多故障源信号难以检测和分离的问题,提出了一种基于小波包分析(WPA)与独立分量分析(ICA)的多源故障信号提取方法,即首先用WPA对含噪线性混合信号降噪预处理,由db2小波基函数进行5层分解后保留62.5~187.5kHz频段信号,然后采用ICA中的FastICA算法对降噪后的混合信号分离,最后对各通道分离出的信号用收缩函数进行频段内去噪处理.对不同输入信噪比的含噪微弱裂纹和摩擦信号进行提取和分析的结果表明,该方法能有效提取出输入信噪比大于-15dB的裂纹和摩擦信号.当混合信号信噪比为-15dB时,裂纹和摩擦信号的输出信噪比分别为-1.31和-1.36dB,相关系数分别为0.62和0.63,提取效果好于结合小波包和FastICA分离方法(信噪比分别为-1.74和-2.06dB,相关系数分别为0.59和0.59)以及单独采用FastICA算法(信噪比分别为-4.57和-4.31dB,相关系数分别为0.17和0.19).因此,所提出的综合WPA和ICA的方法是一种较好的多源微弱信号提取方法.     

经验模态分解在EGG信号慢波提取中的应用

对临床检测到的胃电图(electrogastrogram,EGG)信号先进行经验模态分解(empirical modedecomposition,EMD),然后再选择相应的内在模分量重构,有效地提取出EGG信号中的慢波成分,提高了信号的信噪比.     

小波变换在视觉诱发电位信号提取中的应用

在基于视觉诱发电位脑机接口研究中，需要在强噪声背景下迅速准确地提取出微弱的视觉诱发电位信号。对信号进行小波分解，分析诱发电位信号及噪声在不同尺度上的分布特点，选择诱发电位信号能量相对集中且能较好反映信号主要特征的频带设计了小波时频滤波器。小波时频滤波器结合少量次累加平均，可提高信噪比，提取出视觉诱发电位信号。实验表明，平均刺激9-20次就能提取出信号。本方法能准确快速地提取出有明显特征的诱发电位信号，有利于提高脑机接口通信速度及正确率。     

矢量水听器微弱信号调理电路设计

矢量水听器用于检测水下声音信号,但其输出信号微弱,易被复杂的海洋环境噪声干扰,不能直接用于后续采集电路,为了实现对矢量水听器检测到的水下声音信号进行有效提取,针对水听器输出信号的特点,设计了一种相应的调理电路,使得后续采集电路可以得到较高信噪比的信号,通过对其进行仿真和实际测试,验证了该调理电路的可行性及有效性。     

基于鲁棒主成分分析的低频水声信号降噪方法

由于海洋环境噪声的复杂性,接收到的信号往往具有较低的信噪比,导致水声信号处理难度大等问题.针对此问题,采用基于鲁棒主成分分析的降噪方法,建立将含噪信号表示为低秩、稀疏和噪声的分解模型,研究了对低频水声信号的降噪问题.首先通过Godec算法将含噪信号表示为低秩、稀疏和噪声3部分,然后运用非负矩阵分解算法对低秩部分进行分解,得到噪声字典,最后根据得到的噪声字典从含噪信号中提取出初始水声信号.通过对不同海况下即不同信噪比的仿真信号进行降噪处理,结果表明该方法在水声信噪分离中具有较好的降噪效果.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。