液晶仿生材料与骨髓间充质干细胞体外培养的实验

目的:研究骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)与液晶仿生材料复合后体外培养的生长、增殖、形态等变化,探讨液晶仿生材料与BMSCs的生物相容性.方法:从仿生学的角度,合成在生理温度下呈现胆甾醇液晶态的羟丙基纤维素衍生物液晶材料,利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜和表面静态水接触角等对改变性质后的液晶的物化性质进行表征,与BMSCs复合后在光学显微及电镜下观察培养3 d、6 d的细胞生长、增殖、形态学改变,流式细胞仪检测其表面抗原CD29、CD31、CD44、CD45表达情况.结果:BMSCs在液晶材料中生长、增殖良好,在整个过程都保持存活,表面抗原正常表达.结论:液晶仿生材料与BMSCs生物相容性良好,是可选的干细胞复合载体.     

骨髓间充质干细胞三维培养--构建工程组织

骨髓间充质干细胞因其可获得性、可扩增性和可多向分化性,是理想的组织工程种子细胞,用于构建工程组织。实现这一目标的主要障碍在于如何在体外模拟生理环境培养骨髓间充质干细胞,因此,研究并改进骨髓间充质干细胞体外三维培养至关重要。对近年来骨髓间充质干细胞作为组织工程种子细胞的培养方式、培养系统以及培养中的环境因素加以评述。     

骨髓间充质干细胞衰老的不良影响及其分子机制

随着老龄人口数量迅速增长，老龄化问题日益严重。临床科研工作者愈发重视衰老性疾病的诊治，提高老年人的生活质量。在这一过程中，基于细胞的治疗手段显示出其独有的优势和广阔的应用前景。骨髓间充质干细胞是组织工程和再生医学领域中主要的候选细胞，具有独特的自我更新和分化潜能，以及显著的免疫调节活性。骨髓间充质干细胞发生复制性衰老，可引起包括骨质疏松在内的与年龄相关的退行性疾病，其中端粒缩短、氧化应激损伤和表观遗传学改变是导致骨髓间充质干细胞衰老的重要因素。以“bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, BMSCs, senescence, aging”为英文检索词，以“骨髓间充质干细胞、衰老”为中文检索词，分别检索PubMed和中国知网数据库收录的相关文献，综述骨髓间充质干细胞衰老的研究进展，以期为相关衰老性疾病的诊治提供新的依据。     

多孔CPC材料复合转染VEGF的骨髓间充质干细胞修复大鼠颅骨缺损的实验研究

为研究转染血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因的骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)复合多孔CPC构建的组织工程化骨对骨缺损的修复作用,用脂质体介导质粒pIRES2-EGFP/VEGF165转染大鼠BMSCs,与多孔CPC复合体外构建组织工程化骨,植入大鼠颅骨缺损模型,未转染VEGF165的组织工程化骨作对照。分别在4周、12周取材,以组织学组织形态学分析骨缺损修复情况.比较两组的骨形成差异。结果转染VEGF组骨缺损的修复效果明显好于未转染组。组织形态计量学分析显示,4周时,转染组材料内新生骨面积为31.9%,未转染组为19.7%。12周时,转染组材料内新生骨面积为75.9%,未转染组仅为49.7%。差异具有统计学意义(P<0.000 1)。转染组的骨形成速率明显快于未转染组,两者分别为分别为6.18±1.62μm/d和3.56±0.93μm/d。说明VEGF转染细胞组较对照组血供加强,骨缺损修复加速。     

红景天苷对BMSC生物学特性影响

目的：研究红景天苷对骨髓间充质干细胞（Bonemesenchymalstemcells,BMSCs）生物学活性影响。方法：采用贴壁法分离培养BMSCs,检测细胞表面分子表达对所获干细胞进行鉴定。以终浓度为10¨g／mL红景天苷与BMSCs共培养,通过形态学观察和MTT法分析研究其对BMSCs生物学特性影响。结果：成功培养出BMSCs,免疫荧光染色显示,培养的第3代BMSCs表达CD29、CD44干细胞标志。10μg／mL红景天苷与BMSCs共培养后,较对照组细胞生长更为旺盛,更为规整,形成典型的“鱼群状”。生长曲线显示,实验组细胞较对照组生长稳定,增殖能力活跃。结论：10μg／mL红景天苷可促进BMSCs增殖分化,又不影响细胞增殖分化等生物学特性。     

改性羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸复合材料制备及其生物相容性评价

针对聚乳酸(PLLA)和羟基磷灰石(HA)两者复合时界面相容性差的问题,采用硅烷偶联剂十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS)对HA颗粒进行了表面改性,通过热诱导相分离法制备了OTS-HA/PL-LA多孔复合材料.扫描电镜结果表明,OTS-HA/PLLA多孔复合材料中改性HA颗粒的分布较均匀,PLLA和改性HA颗粒之间的界面相容性得到了改善.孔隙率测试表明,OTS-HA/PLLA多孔复合材料的孔隙率均大于90%,适合骨修复材料对孔隙率的要求.细胞培养结果表明,复合材料对骨髓间充质干细胞的生长无抑制作用,细胞在材料表面能正常黏附、生长、增殖,具有良好的细胞附着形态和细胞增殖率,表现出了良好的生物相容性.     

骨髓间充质干细胞体内分布及其分子机制

骨髓间充质干细胞是一类具有高度自我更新和多向分化潜能的成体干细胞，在组织修复和基因治疗上有广泛的应用前景。近来研究认为进入循环中的骨髓间充质干细胞可以迁延到广泛的组织，当组织损伤时，还可以特异性迁延到靶组织参与修复。影响骨髓间充质干细胞迁延的机制是近年研究的热点。本文就骨髓间充质干细胞体内分布及其相关分子机制的研究予以综述。     

模拟微重力抑制间充质干细胞增殖机制的研究

研究微重力对间充质干细胞增殖影响的潜在机制.用随机定位仪模拟微重力(SMG),培养小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs),检测SMG对BMSCs增殖,细胞骨架,以及对细胞的黏附和增殖重要信号分子表达的影响.结果显示,在SMG下,BMSCs增殖受到抑制;细胞微丝结构和分布异常;细胞形态改变;黏着斑激酶(FAK)表达下降;细胞生长信号分子ERK1/2和Akt的磷酸化水平以及p85β表达下降.结果表明,模拟微重力条件下的细胞骨架改变、细胞黏附性降低和细胞增殖的信号通路相互作用,导致对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖的抑制作用.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞的分离培养及生物性状研究

分离培养人骨髓间充质干细胞，研究其在体外生长增殖的生物特性。冲洗手术弃骨骨髓，获取骨髓间充质干细胞进行培养，倒置相差显微镜观察细胞生长情况，绘制生长曲线，免疫细胞化学法鉴定细胞表面抗原，进行染色体核型分析。冷冻保存细胞复苏后的生长状况观察。结果显示，原代和传代培养的细胞呈现梭形外观，具有较强的生长增殖能力；细胞CD44，CD54抗原表达阳性，CD34表达阴性。染色体核型分析表明是正常的人二倍体细胞。复苏细胞生物学特性无明显改变。     

胶原修饰快速成形PLGA/TCP人工骨支架体外生物相容性研究

探讨经Ⅰ型胶原修饰的快速成型(RP)聚乳酸-羟基乙酸/磷酸三钙(PLGA/TCP)支架的生物相容性,为进一步体内实验提供研究基础.以经Ⅰ型胶原修饰改性的PLGA/TCP支架作为实验组,未经胶原修饰的原始支架作为对照组,检测两组支架材料的亲水性.BMSCs接种两组支架,分别测定细胞黏附率、细胞增殖率.扫描电镜(SEM)观察细胞黏附形态,以检验支架材料的细胞相容性.结果表明胶原改性支架具有较高的亲水性,实验组细胞黏附率在接种4、8和12 h者,明显优于对照组(P<0.05).实验组在培养2、4、6和8 d的细胞增殖率也明显高于对照组(P<0.05).扫描电镜可见骨髓基质细胞在实验组支架上的增殖数量多于对照组.说明Ⅰ型胶原改性的PLGA/TCP支架具有良好的细胞生物相容性,可作为骨组织工程支架应用于骨缺损的修复研究.     

成骨细胞诱导骨髓基质细胞体外成骨的初步研究

目的:探讨在不使用细胞因子或化学药物的情况下,成骨细胞(Osteoblast,OB)与骨髓基质细胞(Bone Marrow Stromal Cells,BMSCs)混合培养时,成骨细胞提供的成骨微环境能否在体外诱导BMSCs向成骨细胞分化,并复合支架形成成熟的骨组织.研究成骨细胞诱导BMSCs有效成骨的最小比值(指成骨细胞与骨髓基质干细胞数量的比值).方法:SY别培养SD乳鼠的成骨细胞与SD大鼠的BMSCs,将成骨细胞和BMSCs以1:9、2:8、3:7、1:0的不同比例进行混合培养,通过测定第3、6、9天培养液上清中的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的含量,研究成骨细胞促BMSCs有效成骨的最小比值.将两种细胞以该最小浓度比混匀接种于涂附Ⅰ型胶原壳聚糖材料支架上(直径9 mm,高3mm)作为混合培养组,相同终浓度的单纯成骨细胞和单纯BMSCs分别接种于相同支架作为阳性对照及阴性对照.另设置低比值成骨细胞对照组(仅含有共培养组中相同的成骨细胞数,但不含有共培养组中的BMSCs).全部标本均于体外培养8周后取材,通过大体观察、组织学及免疫组织化学等相关检测对新生骨进行评价.结果:成骨细胞和BMSCs以3:7的比例进行混合培养时已可实现有效成骨.3:7比例的混合培养组及阳性对照组(成骨细胞组)体外培养8周后大体观察和苏木素-伊红染色(HE)、ALP染色基本相同,均表达骨特异性细胞外基质Ⅰ型胶原,形成了较成熟的骨组织.阴性对照组(单纯BMSCs组)和低比值成骨细胞组,原细胞支架复合物变小、变形.低比值成骨细胞组在局部形成了少量的骨组织,阴性对照组(单纯BMSCs组)未能发现骨样组织形成.结论:在不使用细胞因子或化学药物的情况下,成骨细胞提供的成骨微环境能够在体外诱导BMSCs向成骨细胞分化并形成成熟的骨组织.混合细胞中成骨细胞与BMSCs的比例为3:7时是有效成骨的最小比值.     

Electrospun Nanofibers of Hydroxyapatite/Collagen/Chitosan Promote Osteogenic Differentiation of BMSCs

Bone tissue engineering, aiming at developing bone substitutes for repair and regeneration of bone defects instead of using autologous bone grafts, has attracted wide attention in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Developing biomimetic biomaterial scaffolds able to regulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells could be a promising strategy to improve the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, clectrospun composite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/collagen/chitosan （ HAp/Col/CTS ） resembling the fibrous nanostructure and constituents of the hierarchically organized natural bone, were prepared to investigate their capacity for promoting bone mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs） to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage in the absence and presence of the osteogenlc supplementation, respectively. Call morphology, proliferation and quantified specific osteogenic protein expression on the electrospun HAp/Coi/CTS scaffolds were evaluated in comparison with different controls including dectrospun nanofibrous CTS, HAp/CTS and tissue culture plate. Our remits showed that the nanofibrous HAp/Col/CTS scaffolds supported better spreading and proliferation of the BMSCs than other substrates （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Expressions of osteogenesis protein markers, alkaline phosphatase （ALP） and Col, were significantly upregulated on the HAp/Col/CTS than those on the CTS （P 〈0.01） and HAp/ CTS （P 〈 0. 05 ） scaffolds in the absence of the osteogeulc supplementation. Moreover, presence of osteogeulc supplementation also proved to enhance osteogeule differentiation of BMSCs on HAp/ Col/CTS scaffolds, indicative of a synergistic effect. This study highlights the potential of BMSCs/HAp/Col/CTS cell-scaffold system for functional bone repair and regeneration applications.     

BMSCs 过表达 BMP-4 复合同种异体骨修复软骨缺损

摘要:目的针对关节软骨损伤后修复困难,采用腺病毒( Ad)载体介导骨形态发生蛋白( BMP-4)修饰骨髓间充质干细胞( BMSCs) ,并复合同种异体骨软骨柱支架,以期实现关节软骨有效再生。方法制备同种异体骨软骨柱,BMSCs过表达BMP-4复合同种异体骨修复关节软骨损伤,膝关节标本取材大体观察及分析,HE、番红固绿、Masson及免疫组化检软骨再生情况。结果HE、番红固绿、Masson及免疫组化均提示实验组能显著促进缺损再生,并提高新生组织软骨含量。结论过表达BMP-4复合同种异体骨支架能显著促进软骨缺损再生,修复软骨损伤。     

Advances in tissue engineering

Tissue engineering is a newly developed specialty involved in the construction of tissues and organs either in vitro or in vivo. Tremendous progress has been achieved over the past decade in tisse construction as well as in other related areas, such as bone marrow stromal cells, embryonic stem cells and tissue progenitor cells. In our laboratory, tissues of full-thickness skin, bone, cartilage and tendon have been successfully engineered, and the engineered tissues have repaired full-thickness skin wound, cranial bone defects, articular cartilage defects and tendon defects in animals. In basic research areas, bone marrow stromal cells have been induced and transformed into osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro. Mouse embryo stem cell lines we established have differentiated into neuron precursor, cardiac muscle cells and epithelial cells. Genetic modifications of seed cells for promoting cell proliferation, delaying cell aging and inducing immune tolerance have also been investigated.     

Nanofibrous Scaffold Containing Osteoblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix for the Proliferation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Extracellular matrix( ECM) plays a prominent role in establishing and maintaining an appropriate microenvironment for tissue regeneration. The aims of this study were to construct a tissue engineered scaffold by reconstituting osteoblast cell-derived ECM( O-ECM) on the electrospun nanofibrous scaffold,and further to evaluate its subsequent application for promoting the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs). To engineer a biomimetic scaffold, calvarial osteoblasts and electrospun poly-llactic acid( PLLA) nanofibers were prepared and subjected to decellularize for O-ECM deposition. To evaluate and characterize the O-ECM/PLLA scaffold, the morphology was examined and several specific mark proteins of osteoblasts matrix were evaluated.Furthermore,the cell counting kit-8( CCK-8) assay was used to detect the proliferation of the BMSCs cultivated on the O-ECM/PLLA scaffold. The results indicated O-ECM/PLLA scaffold was loaded with Collagen I, Fibronectin, and Laminin, as the composition of the marrow ECM. After decellularization,O-ECM deposition was observed in O-ECM/PLLA scaffold. Moreover,the O-ECM/PLLA scaffold could significantly enhance the proliferation of BMSCs,suggesting better cytocompatibility compared to the other groups tested. Taken together,a biomimetic scaffold based on the joint use of O-ECM and PLLA biomaterials,which represents a promising approach to bone tissue engineering, facilitates the expansion of BMSCs in vitro.     

Strontium Substituted Nanohydroxyapatite Incorporated 3D Printing Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

The customized implants which are composed of polycaprolactone( PCL) and strontium substituted nanohydroxyapatite( SrHA) were fabricated successfully by using fused deposition modeling( FDM),which is a simple 3 D printing technology for fabricating personalized products. The physical and chemical properties of composite scaffolds were characterized by transmission electron microscopy( TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR), X-Ray diffraction( XRD) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy( ICPAES). The results suggested that strontium element was successfully doped into nanohydroxyapatite and all scaffolds showed the homogeneous network structure. Furthermore, the in vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated by cell counting kit-8( CCK-8) assay. The data indicated that the prepared scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells( BMSCs). Besides,strontium element can be released from PCL-SrHA scaffolds in a sustained manner. Therefore,the 3 D printing PCL-SrHA scaffolds hold great potential for bone tissue engineering.     

Dexamethasone-Loaded PLGA Microspheres Incorporated PLLA/PLGA/PCL Composite Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

The combination of micro-carriers and polymer scaffolds as promising bone grafts have attracted considerable interest in recent decades.The poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polycaprolactone(PLLA/PLGA/PCL)composite scaffold with porous structure was fabricated by thermally induced phase separation(TIPS).Dexamethasone(DEX)was incorporated into PLGA microspheres and then loaded on the PLLA/PLGA/PCL scaffoldtopreparethedesiredcompositescaffold.The physicochemical properties of the prepared composite scaffold were characterized.The morphology of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)grown on scaffolds was observed using scanning electron microscope(SEM)and fluorescence microscope.The resultsshowedthatthePLLA/PLGA/PCLscaffoldhad interconnected macropores and biomimetic nanofibrous structure.In addition,DEX can be released from scaffold in a sustained manner.More importantly,DEX loaded composite scaffold can effectively support the proliferation of BMSCs as indicated by fluorescence observation and cell proliferation assay.The results suggested that the prepared PLLA/PLGA/PCL composite scaffold incorporating drug-loaded PLGA microspheres could hold great potential for bone tissue engineering applications.     

生物力学作用对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖和成骨分化影响研究进展

骨髓间充质干细胞在体内所处的力学环境比较复杂,为了探索生物力学与骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化之间的关系,对近年来生物力学微环境对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖分化影响的研究现状和最新进展进行了综述。认为牵张力与流体剪切力对骨髓间充质干细胞产生的刺激大部分会使其向成骨方向分化,而较大的压缩力和静水压力对骨髓间充质干细胞产生的刺激大部分会使其偏向软骨方向分化,小部分向成骨方向分化,每种分化方向都有其最适的分化条件。通过综述生物力学对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖及成骨分化的影响,为骨髓间充质干细胞的骨组织工程与再生医学研究及更好地应用于临床治疗提供思路和参考依据。     

仿生增强制备聚乳酸基骨组织工程复合材料

依据仿生原理制备了纳米羟基磷灰石聚乳酸(nHA-PLA)复合的骨框架材料.此复合材料中的主要成分是纳米羟基磷灰石,纳米相的羟基磷灰石就是天然骨中主要的无机相.在保持高孔隙率(90%)的同时,复合材料的抗压性能达到2.07 MPa,高于单纯的聚乳酸框架材料(为0.89 MPa).分离成骨细胞并在三维框架材料上培养,用扫描电镜进行观察,复合材料具有很好的细胞贴附性能.仿生制备的三维纳米羟基磷灰石聚乳酸复合骨框架材料,无论从结构还是性能上,都是骨组织工程中的优选材料之一.     

BMSCs分化为NCs的拉曼光谱研究

分离培养大鼠BMSCs并诱导分化为NCs,应用拉曼光谱仪测定两种细胞的光谱,分析细胞内部蛋白质、核酸、脂类等含量、构象和构型变化.结果发现,骨髓间充质干细胞的拉曼光谱与神经细胞之间存在较大的差异.表现为：646 cm-1处和719 cm-1处的拉曼峰在神经细胞内消失;神经细胞在1 603 cm-1处出现新的拉曼峰,归属为苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸的C—C弯曲振动;1 738 cm-1处拉曼峰在神经元样细胞中频移到1 746 cm-1处.试验表明拉曼光谱有望成为鉴别BMSCs与NCs的一种有效新方法.