Sn／Pt[111]修饰电极对甲醇氧化的电催化

将Ｐｔ「１１１」电极分别浸在ＳｎＳＯ４、Ｓｎ（ＳＯ４）２、ＳｎＣＬ４溶液中，形成的Ｓｎ／Ｐｔ「１１１」修饰电极对甲醇氧化的催化效果不一样，当浸渍溶液为Ｓｎ（ＳＯ４）２ａ或ＳｎＣｌ４时，在较高电势（０．８Ｖ以上），Ｓｎ有提高Ｐｔ「１１１」电极的电催化活性，当浸渍溶液为ＳｎＳＯ４时，Ｓｎ却表现出阻碍作用，研究中还发现，吸附了Ｓｎ的Ｐｔ「１１１」电极灼烧后表现出的催化活性超过浸渍形成的Ｓｎ／Ｐｔ「１１１     

氰基桥联铬（Ⅲ）—镍（Ⅱ）和铬（Ⅲ）—铜（Ⅱ）多核配合物的？…

合成了配合物「ＭＬ」３「Ｃｒ（ＣＮ）６」２．ｘＨ２Ｏ（Ｍ＝Ｎｉ,Ｌ＝三（２－胺基乙基）胺（ｔｒｅｎ）,ｘ＝０;Ｍ＝Ｃｕ,Ｌ＝ｆｇ ｇｍｗ ｏｑｄ ｄｇ ｅｐｖ （ｄｐｔ）ｘ＝８）和「Ｍ（ｔｎ）２」２「Ｃｒ（ＣＮ）６」ＣｌＯ４．ＸＨ２Ｏ（ｔｎ＝１,３－丙二胺,Ｍ－Ｎｉ,ｘ＝０;Ｍ＝Ｃｕ,ｘ＝２）。用元素分析、ＩＣＰ分析、ＩＲ光谱等对配合物进行了表征,测定了它们的磁性质,变产化率研究表明：「Ｃｕ（ｄｐ     

FeNiCrAl合金的显微组织和力学性能

对ＦｅＮｉＣｒＡｌ合金量微组织和力学性能的研究表明，「Ｎｉ」／「Ｃｒ」≥０．９（摩乐兹）的合金以γ相为基体，「Ｎｉ」／「Ｃｒ」（摩尔比）＝０．６－０．８和≤０．６的合金分别以γ＋α双相和α相为基体，合金在不同温度热处理后，由于相的析出或溶解，显示出不同的力学性能。     

直接激光气化形成氧化钙团簇及团簇的质子…

用直接激光气化和飞行时间质谱探测方法研究了ＣａＯ，ＣａＣＯ３，Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２等不同固体样品形成团簇的动力过程，结果发现：除了「Ｃａ（ＣａＯ２）ｎ」和「（ＣａＯ）ｎ」团簇之外，还出现了强丰度的「Ｈ（ＣａＯ）ｎ」及显著的「Ｈ（ＣａＯ）ｎ（Ｈ２Ｏ）ｍ」团簇系列，质谱丰度分布公及氧化钙族质化和溶剂化反应的明显特征表明，氧化钙团簇的形成过程应采取ＮａＣｌ型立方结构的增长途径。     

两种15—冠—5配合物的合成和物性表征

用凝胶法合成了「Ｎａ（１５Ｃ５）」２「Ｃｏ（ＮＣＳ）４（Ｈ２Ｏ）２」和「Ｎａ（１５Ｃ５）」２「Ｃｒ（ＮＣＳ）４（ＯＨ）（Ｈ２Ｏ）」两种配合物的单昌体，对它们进行了熔点测定，元素分析，红外光谱分析和热分析，对分析结果进行了讨论。     

含氧和氮的四氯化钛络合物催化双环戊二烯开环移位聚合 …

报道了ＴｉＣｌ４．２「Ｃ６Ｈ８Ｏ」（１）;ＴｉＣｌ４．２「Ｃ８Ｈ１１Ｎ」（２）;ＴｉＣｌ４．２「Ｏ（ＣＨ２）４ＣＨ２」（３）．ＴｉＣｌ４．２「Ｃ６Ｈ７Ｎ」（４）ＴｉＣｌ４．２「Ｃ５Ｈ５Ｎ」（５）;ＴｉＣｌ４．２「Ｃ４Ｈ８９Ｏ２」（６）催化双环戊二烯开环移位聚合反应并对６个影响因素进行了讨论,由此得到优化的反应条件。     

连铸生产焊接气瓶钢中夹杂物

对转炉－ＲＨ真空处理－连铸生产焊接气瓶钢各个工艺阶段钢中非金属夹杂物的形貌、尺寸,组成及来源等进行了系统的研究,结果发现钢包渣与钢液作用而生成的夹杂物在烧注过程中可以从钢液中上浮去除,尺寸小于４０μｍ的角状和蔟群状的Ａｌ２Ｏ３夹杂物则难以完全从钢液中排出而滞留在钢中,从而构成铸坯中非金属夹杂物的主要来源,铸坯中Ｔ「Ｏ」（１４－１６）ｘ１０＾－６之间,非金属夹杂物含量为０．０９－０．１５ｍｇ／ｋｇ,表明所生产的铸坯具有较高的洁净度。     

Lurie型鲁棒控制系统的绝对稳定性

在实数Ｒ上一切闭区间组成的集合和区间矩阵的集中中引进了代数运算，讨论了Ｌｕｒｉｅ型直接鲁棒控制系统ｘ＝Ｇ「Ｂ，Ｃ」ｘ＋Ｇ「Ｒ，Ｓ」ｆ（σ）；σ＝ｃ＾Ｔｘ，ｆ（．）∈Ｋ「０，∞」和间接鲁棒控制系统ｘ＝Ｇ「Ｂ，Ｃ」ｘ＋Ｇ「Ｒ，Ｓ」ｆ（σ）；σ＝ｃ＾Ｔｘ－．ｆ（．）∈Ｋ「０，∞」display structure     

银杏叶中黄酮糖苷化合物的分离鉴定

利用常规的聚酰胺柱层析、ＴＬＣ和ＨＰＬＣ的方法从银杏叶中分离得到５个黄酮糖苷化合物，经ＵＶ、ＨＰＬＣ、ＨＮＭＲ分析鉴定为：芦丁（１），莰菲醇－３－Ｏ（２－Ｏ）－（６－Ｏ－「对－（β－Ｄ－葡萄糖）－Ｏ－反式肉桂酰」－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖）－α－Ｌ０鼠李糖）（２），莰菲醇－３－Ｏ（β－Ｄ－葡萄糖）（３），槲皮素－３－Ｏ－（２－Ｏ－「６－Ｏ－（对－竣工在－反式肉桂酰）－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖」－ａ－Ｌ－鼠李糖），（４     

0℃时SmI3—（CH2）6N4.HI—H2O体系的相平衡研究

合成出ＳｍＩ３．９Ｈ２Ｏ和（ＣＨ２）６Ｎ４．ＨＩ,并测定了０℃时ＳｍＩ３－（ＣＨ２）６Ｎ４．ＨＩ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系的相平衡数据,作出该体系的相图、发现了新的配合物Ｓｍｉ３．「（ＣＨ２）６Ｎ４．ＨＩ」．１４Ｈ２Ｏ。     

Coordinated control of carbon and oxygen for ultra-low-carbon interstitial-free steel in a smelting process

Low residual-free-oxygen before final de-oxidation was beneficial to improving the cleanness of ultra-low-carbon steel. For ul-tra-low-carbon steel production, the coordinated control of carbon and oxygen is a precondition for achieving low residual oxygen during the Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) decarburization process. In this work, we studied the coordinated control of carbon and oxygen for ultra-low-carbon steel during the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) endpoint and RH process using data statistics, multiple linear regressions, and thermodynamics computations. The results showed that the aluminum yield decreased linearly with increasing residual oxygen in liquid steel. When the mass ratio of free oxygen and carbon ([O]/[C]) in liquid steel before RH decarburization was maintained between 1.5 and 2.0 and the carbon range was from 0.030wt%to 0.040wt%, the residual oxygen after RH natural decarburization was low and easily controlled. To satisfy the re-quirement for RH decarburization, the carbon and free oxygen at the BOF endpoint should be controlled to be between 297 × 10?6 and 400 × 10?6 and between 574 × 10?6 and 775 × 10?6, respectively, with a temperature of 1695 to 1715°C and a furnace campaign of 1000 to 5000 heats.     

侧底复吹RH真空精炼脱碳过程研究

基于RH内流场,结合冶金反应热力学及动力学,通过建立数学模型研究了侧底复吹RH真空脱碳过程.数值结果表明计算结果与试验结果符合良好.在总吹气量相同条件下,侧底复吹RH前20 min的脱碳速率高于传统RH的脱碳速率.对于传统RH脱碳,前3 s以熔池内CO本体脱碳为主,3~1 000 s以氩气泡表面脱碳为主;对于侧底复吹RH脱碳,前1 000s以氩气泡表面脱碳为主,并且氩气泡表面脱碳速率约为熔池内CO本体脱碳速率的两倍;提高RH处理后期的脱碳速率可提高超低碳钢生产效率.     

RH冶炼超低碳钢内部脱碳机理及控制工艺

为了研究RH真空处理过程脱碳反应速率及其影响因素,并有效地控制超低碳钢在RH真空处理过程中碳含量的变化,根据热力学、动力学原理建立了RH真空处理脱碳数学模型,通过RH真空处理脱碳数学模型研究了内部脱碳反应深度和脱碳速率之间的关系.模型计算结果表明,反应深度的变化和内部脱碳的反应速率是相对应的,采取预真空操作,提升了反应深度,淡化了前期脱碳转折点的影响,加速了前期的脱碳反应,并在RH处理后期找到了内部脱碳向表面脱碳转变的时间临界点.     

RH脱碳过程中极低氧钢水的碳氧反应机理

BOF+LF+RH+CC工艺路线生产IF钢,在RH脱碳前,钢水经脱氧和LF精炼后,钢中自由氧达到极低水平.根据表观脱碳速率常数的不同,这种极低氧钢水的RH脱碳可以划分为四个阶段.与传统三个阶段的RH脱碳不同的是在低速脱碳阶段和快速脱碳阶段存在一个脱碳速率介于两者之间的过渡阶段.在正规溶液模型的基础上,建立了能够准确预报钢液氧含量及顶渣FeO含量的RH脱碳模型.结果表明:在RH吹氧前,极低氧含量的钢液与顶渣之间基本不传氧;吹氧之后,钢液氧含量呈线性增加,当钢液氧势大于顶渣氧势后,钢液向顶渣传氧,渣中FeO含量上升;RH处理结束FeO含量较处理初始有所回升,但是仍处于极低水平,能够有效降低顶渣对钢液的二次氧化.     

Cleanliness of Ti-bearing Al-killed ultra-low-carbon steel during different heating processes

During the production of Ti-bearing Al-killed ultra-low-carbon (ULC) steel, two different heating processes were used when the converter tapping temperature or the molten steel temperature in the Ruhrstahl-Heraeus (RH) process was low:heating by Al addition during the RH decarburization process and final deoxidation at the end of the RH decarburization process (process-I), and increasing the oxygen content at the end of RH decarburization, heating and final deoxidation by one-time Al addition (process-Ⅱ). Temperature increases of 10℃ by different processes were studied; the results showed that the two heating processes could achieve the same heating effect. The T.[O] content in the slab and the refining process was better controlled by process-I than by process-Ⅱ. Statistical analysis of inclusions showed that the numbers of inclusions in the slab obtained by process-I were substantially less than those in the slab obtained by process-Ⅱ. For process-I, the Al₂O₃ inclusions produced by Al added to induce heating were substantially removed at the end of decarburization. The amounts of inclusions were substantially greater for process-Ⅱ than for process-I at different refining stages because of the higher dissolved oxygen concentration in process-Ⅱ. Industrial test results showed that process-I was more beneficial for improving the cleanliness of molten steel.     

A process model for BOF process based on bath mixing degree

The process model for BOF process can be applied to predict the liquid steel composition and bath temperature during the whole steelmaking process. On the basis of the traditional three-stage decarburization theory, the concept of mixing degree was put forward, which was used to indicate the effect of oxygen jet on decarburization. Furthermore, a more practical process model for BOF steelmaking was developed by analyzing the effect of silicon, manganese, oxygen injection rate, oxygen lance height, and bath temperature on decarburization. Process verification and end-point verification for the process model have been carried out, and the verification results show that the prediction accuracy of carbon content reaches 82.6% (the range of carbon content at the end-point is less than 0.1wt%) and 85.7% (the range of carbon content at end-point is 0.1wt%–0.7wt%) when the absolute error is less than 0.02wt% and 0.05wt%, respectively.     

超低碳铝镇静钢冶炼过程氮含量的控制

针对企业冶炼超低碳铝镇静钢过程中增氮量高、波动大及控制不稳定的问题,采用工艺数据统计和现场取样的手段,系统梳理了冶炼过程钢液脱氮和增氮的主要环节和影响因素.转炉脱碳期和真空处理是脱氮的主要环节,碳氧期的总脱碳量高则终点氮含量低;转炉底吹N2/Ar切换点在吹炼70%以前对终点氮含量影响不大;VD在无氧条件下脱氮有利,RH则在有氧条件下脱氮有利.控制钢中溶解氧>200×10-6则出钢过程增氮可控制在5×10-6以下;炉料的氮带入是真空精炼环节增氮的重要因素,最高达11×10-6;采用密封垫+吹Ar的保护方式,增氮量最低为1×10-6.     

Decarburization rate of RH refining for ultra low carbon steel

The decarburization behaviors of ultra low carbon steel in a 210-t RH vacuum degasser were investigated under practical operating conditions. According to the apparent decarburization rate constant (K_C) calculated by the carbon content in the samples taken from the hot melt in a ladle at an interval of 1–2 min, it is observed that the total decarburization reaction period in RH can be divided into the quick decarburization period and the stagnant decarburization period, which is quite different from the traditional one with three stages. In this study, the average apparent decarburization rate constant during the quick decarburization period is 0.306 min-1, and that of the stagnant period is 0.072 min-1. Increasing the initial carbon content and enhancing the exhausting capacity can increase the apparent decarburization rate constant in the quick decarburization period. The decarburization reaction comes into the stagnant decarburization period when the carbon content in molten steel is less than 14×10-6 after 10 min of decarburization.     

AOD在线脱碳模型的研究与实践

根据氩氧脱碳原理建立动力学脱碳模型,不断计算脱碳速率和实时所需的氧气量,从而实现气体的连续配比控制。通过结构化编程语言实现脱碳模型,不论是冶炼时间,耗气量和还原合金都得到了节省,脱碳效率CRE得到了提高。     

超低碳钢RH冶炼脱碳过程的数学模型

在充分考虑RH平衡碳氧浓度的前提下，建立脱碳反应数学模型．以210t超低碳钢RH冶炼工艺为背景，详细给出数学模型的建立原则与过程．将模拟结果与实际测量数据进行对比发现，数学模型与实际测量数据有很好的吻合度．碳元素在钢液内存在一定的不均匀性，真空室自由液面下降管上方碳元素质量分数最小，钢渣界面处上升管右侧碳元素质量分数最大，循环20min后，二者相差0．0025％左右．