盐度对大獭蛤胚胎发育的影响

在广西海洋研究所古城海水养殖实验基地进行人工养殖大獭蛤(Lutraria maxima Jonas)的实验。实验把大獭蛤精、卵置于盐度为21．3‰、24．0‰、26．6‰、29．3‰、31．9‰、34．6‰、37．3‰的海水中静水受精及孵化,从人工受精开始到D型幼虫期连续观察盐度对胚胎发育情况。每个海水盐度设3个重复,海水温度保持恒温(28．7℃)。实验结果表明,大獭蛤的受精过程和受精卵发育过程都受到海水盐度的影响,大獭蛤能正常受精的适宜盐度为29．3‰～31．9‰,大獭蛤受精卵正常发育的适宜盐度为26．6‰～31．9‰。     

大獭蛤苗种池塘中间培育试验

2002年9月至2003年4月,在广西海洋研究所古城基地进行大獭蛤（LutmriamaximaJonas）苗种池塘中间培育试验。试验在铺沙的池塘里进行,放养的大獭蛤苗种规格为壳长0．2～0．8mm,大獭蛤稚贝饵料为施肥繁殖的浮游藻类,以大部分大獭蛤稚贝壳长达到2cm为出苗标准。结果表明,在水温为20～30℃、盐度为zo％。以上,放苗量为375万粒／公顷的条件下,大獭蛤稚贝经过45～60d即可以培育成壳长为2cm左右的大规格苗种。     

团头鲂的胚胎发育与观察方法优化

通过人工繁殖获得团头鲂受精卵,在体视显微镜下对其胚胎和早期仔鱼发育过程进行了连续观察、拍照与测量.结果显示,团头鲂受精卵呈圆球形,具黏性,卵径(1.18±0.09)mm;在水温(21±1)℃条件下,团头鲂胚胎发育从受精到孵化历时39h10min,经历了胚盘形成、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期7个发育阶段;初孵仔鱼体长(3.44±0.29)mm,出膜后第4d仔鱼鳔完全充气,卵黄囊消失;观察时,受精卵至尾鳍出现期胚胎置0.7%生理盐水中,肌肉效应期和后面各时期的胚胎经4%多聚甲醛固定后置3%甲基纤维素中拍照可获得良好效果.该工作为研究团头鲂胚胎早期发育过程提供了实时和动态的图像资料,并为鱼类胚胎发育观察提供了基本技术参考.     

淡水驯化后大鳞鲃胚胎发育观察

通过人工授精获得大鳞鲃(Barbus capito)受精卵,并在23℃~26℃的孵化条件下,详细观察了大鳞鲃胚胎发育及未受精卵的特征.结果显示,大鳞鲃受精卵为漂流性卵(半浮性卵),卵径为(1.55±0.1)mm,吸水后卵膜膨大,卵径达到(4.3±0.2)mm.在水温23℃~26℃的条件下,胚胎发育总历时为47 h 29 min,胚胎发育过程所需总积温为1 081℃~1 222℃.大鳞鲃受精卵卵裂方式与其他鲤科鱼类一样,属于盘状卵裂.根据胚胎发育各阶段的形态特征,将其划分为胚盘隆起、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚期至尾芽期和胚动期至孵化期等6个连续发育阶段,22个时期.未受精卵入水后吸水膨胀,由原生质集中形成"胚盘",但无如两细胞卵裂的现象;未受精卵的突起或分裂球陆续脱离胚盘会形成类似受精卵囊胚末期时的"假囊胚".研究结果有助于提高大鳞鲃人工繁育效率及对孵化条件及时调控处理,有助于大鳞鲃亲鱼受精率计算方法的掌握.     

澳洲宝石斑鱼的胚胎发育

采用体视解剖镜、显微镜对澳洲宝石斑鱼的胚胎发育进行观察,描述了各个发育时期的主要形态特征.结果显示:(1)宝石斑鱼的卵和受精卵较小,受精卵径平均1.5mm;(2)受精卵吸水后呈圆形,为浮性卵;(3)胚胎卵黄囊表面有一个大的圆形脂肪球;(4)在水温23-29℃条件下,受精卵历时24 h脱膜孵出仔鱼,再经3.5 d开口摄食,转入混合营养时期;(5)胚胎发育主要经历卵裂期、囊胚至原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵出期5个主要时期.     

鮸状黄姑鱼与大黄鱼人工杂交子代的胚胎发育

以Mian状黄姑鱼为母本、大黄鱼为父本的人工杂交试验表明：在温度17－20℃、盐度29．9－30．8的条件下，杂交卵经39.9h孵出，受精率为58．9％，孵化率为1．4％，仔鱼存活18d。对照组Mian状黄姑鱼受精率95％，受精卵孵化率56％。杂交组受精卵的胚胎发育与母本Mian状黄姑鱼的胚胎发育主要差别为：杂交卵在进入原肠期时，多数胚胎发育速度明显变慢，囊胚不能正常下包，胚胎畸形率较高。     

大獭蛤工厂化育苗技术研究

于2002年秋季在广西海洋研究所古城育苗基地和海滨公园育苗场进行大獭蛤（Lutraria（Psammophila）mascima Jonas）工厂化育苗研究。在育苗过程中采用成串的塑料片作为稚贝附着基立体附苗,使单位水体出苗量得到极大的提高。大獭蛤壳顶后期浮游苗至稚贝平均变态率为23．5％,小苗（大于8×10^4粒／500g）的平均单位面积出苗量为5．16×10^4粒／米^2,大苗（小于或等于8×10^4粒／500g）的平均单位面积出苗量为1．42×10^4粒／米^2,平均单位面积出苗量为3．29×10^4粒／米^2。     

日本沼虾受精卵的离体培养及其胚胎发育的初步观察

本文报道了日本沼虾的受精卵离体培养实验，并初步描述了其胚胎发育的特征。结果表明：日本沼虾受精卵以及各期胚胎（即卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、无节幼体期、后无节幼体期、前蚤状幼体期的胚胎）分别离体培养，均可孵化出蚤状Ｉ期幼体；并且离体受精卵及各发育时期胚胎与亲虾所抱受精卵和相同时期胚胎发育同步。日本沼虾的卵裂方式属于完全卵裂和表面卵裂之间的过渡类型     

耳萝卜螺胚胎发育的初步观察

采用定时取样 ,间断观察的方法 ,对耳萝卜螺胚胎发育的形态特征进行了观察。发现耳萝卜螺的胚胎发育过程分 7个时期 :卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、担轮幼虫期、面盘幼虫期、幼螺形成期和孵化期。对各期的外部形态特征进行了描述 ,并绘制了各期形态图 ,记录了各期发育所经历的时间     

豫北地区大鳞副泥鳅胚胎发育的观察

目前泥鳅和大鳞副泥鳅的养殖热潮正在全国范围内兴起,优良新品种的培育早已经为养殖者所期待.胚胎发育过程特征的研究是进行新品种培育的基础工作.对产自豫北地区的大鳞副泥鳅的胚胎发育过程进行了连续观察,对其各个胚胎时期的发育特征和持续时间进行了记录.结果表明从受精卵到出膜共划分为6个阶段和卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、神经胚期、肌节期、尾芽期、胚动期、出膜前期、孵出期、眼黑色素期等10个连续的典型时期,在23℃时胚胎发育历时共24 h 20 min.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.