煤矿井下热害分析与风流温度预测

针对矿井热害问题,在统计国内外矿井产生热害原因的基础之上,分析得到风流与围岩热交换及风流压缩放热是大多数矿井产生高温的主要因素.通过对巷道围岩温度场的解析和干燥巷道风温的预测,进一步指出了井下风流温度的分布规律,从而为制定矿井降温措施提供可靠的理论依据及必要的基础资料.     

深部矿井季节性通风风流与围岩换热特性

 针对矿井通风入口风流季节性差别大的现象,对不同季节通风巷道风流温变规律进行现场测试,建立巷道围岩-风流换热的数学物理模型,数值模拟通风风流与围岩的换热特性。研究结果表明,风流在煤巷中流动过程中不断与围岩进行热交换,进而导致风流温度不断升高,但在工作面段风流升温缓慢,数值计算结果与实测结果相吻合。不同季节通风巷道内风流升温效果差别明显,入口风流温度越低,风流在巷道内流动相同距离时,温度越低,但温升越大。     

掘进巷道风流温度场分布规律的研究

从质量，能量和动量守恒原理出发，导出了描述掘进巷道风流紊流流动和温度分布的微分方程，通过理论分析和现场实测，系统地开展矿内掘进巷道风流流场和风流温度场的分布规律及其耦合作用机理的理论分析研究，并采用SIMPLE算法，利用PHOEENICS程序进行数值模拟，初步得步了掘进巷道风流温度随风速提高呈负幂函数规律降低，随入风流温度升高而线性升高的变化规律，对矿井掘进工作面高温治理具有一定的指导意义和使用价值。     

矿井通风系统环境温度计算与分析

针对随着煤炭开采向深部延伸,围岩温度越来越高.矿井热环境带来越来越严重的矿山热害,在深部矿井开采中矿井热害问题成为制约其发展的重要因素.在深入研究矿井通风仿真技术和网络解算的基础上,计算和分析了所用通风巷道风流温度.首先分类分析影响风流温度的不同热源,推算不同热源的计算公式;然后划分矿井不同类型巷道的属性,对属性不同的巷道分别进行分析,综合了巷道总热量的计算方法.结合纳林河二号矿井实际情况,分析和计算矿井内风流温度参数,为高温矿井的系统计划和盘区开拓、规划总体通风系统和设计降温系统提供了参考依据.     

矿井热害治理协同地热开采相似模拟实验研究

基于相似理论,应用方程分析法推导出矿井热害治理协同地热开采相似模拟所需满足的相似准则,得出缩尺模型与原模型之间各参数相似比尺。利用COMSOL数值软件建立2种尺寸模型分别求解,验证建立的相似准则准确性。按1:100的几何缩尺比例搭建相似模拟实验系统,该系统包括巷道通风系统、地热开采系统和监测系统,用于研究矿井岩层地热开采过程中采热流体流动传热规律以及地热开采对通风巷道热环境的作用机制。研究结果表明：岩层注水采热过程中逐渐降低巷道围岩温度,减小巷道内风流升温幅度。当岩层注水54 min时,巷道内风流升温幅度比不注水时降低1.5℃。采热井负压抽水采热促进岩层内热传递,使岩层降温区域加速扩大。注入井注水采热对巷道风流温度的影响可以分为通风换热、围岩快速冷却、风流温度稳定3个阶段。     

深埋巷道围岩温度场的数值模拟分析

为了研究深埋巷道围岩温度场的分布规律．基于传热学和渗流理论建立了深埋巷道围岩的热扩散数学模型．结合边界条件采用MATLAB对其进行了数值求解,获得了在风流和渗流耦合作用下围岩的温度场和温度矢量分布。研究结果表明,无渗流状态下温度场和温度矢量呈对称分布,风流速度对温度分布有明显的影响,但不改变其对称分布的状态。渗流改变了温度场和温度矢量原有的对称分布的状态,热交换平衡区随着渗流速度的增加,将向顺渗流的方向移动。     

井巷围岩与风流的不稳定换热

通过对矿内风流与巷壁换热过程的理论分析，得出了围岩与不稳定以流换热系数的解析式、理论解和实用式，导出了风流温度变化和围岩调热圈的计算方法。通过兖州东滩矿4306运顺掘进巷道风流与围岩换热的进行现场实测和分析计算，得出了掘进围岩调热圈与掘进时间呈平方跟关系变化、不稳定换热系数随掘进时间呈负幂指数变化的规律。     

梯形巷道围岩散热有限体积法分析

为研究梯形巷道围岩散热的特点,依据能量守恒定律,建立二维非稳态导热积分方程,运用有限体积法分别建立内部节点和边界节点的热平衡方程,采用VB语言编写围岩温度场及散热量数值计算程序,并通过一个实例进行数值分析.研究结果表明:初始暴露的巷道围岩,围岩壁面温差大,温度梯度大,即围岩散热量也比较大;随着通风时间的延长,围岩浅部区域的温度逐渐接近于风流温度,散热量逐渐衰减,并且衰减幅度逐渐的减小.     

联络巷对采空区氧化升温带影响的多场耦合模拟研究

在U+L型通风条件下,联络巷的存在对采空区遗煤自燃有重要的影响.为保证矿井安全生产,并为预防遗煤自燃提供依据,根据煤体低温氧化的反应机理,使用UDF将煤氧反应的机理编入FLUENT,对联络巷存在时采空区氧化升温带的分布规律进行多场耦合数值模拟研究.结果表明：联络巷的存在使采空区内风流场、氧浓度场及温度场都发生变化,氧化升温带不仅向回风侧偏移,而且向采空区深部移动且变宽;联络巷与工作面的距离影响氧化升温带的宽度,联络巷距工作面20 m时氧化升温带宽度最大约为25 m;反应进行10 d后,U+L型通风下采空区高温点的升温速率可达1.24 K·d-1,是U型通风的1.5倍,但联络巷相对工作面的位置对高温点几乎没有影响;与U型通风时相比,U+L通风时回风侧的温度场中联络巷口温度最高,而且比U型通风时相同坐标位置的温度平均每天高出4 K,随着联络巷与工作面距离的不断增加,联络巷口升温速率由0.1K·d-1可升至0.9K·d-1,这在整体温度场中虽然不属于高温区域,但具有很好的升温潜质.     

回采工作面超前矿压显现特征及控制分析

针对谢一矿4222(3)采煤工作面的上、下风巷和辅助上山受采动影响情况,对三条巷道的矿压显现进行了现场测试。分析了回采工作面上、下风巷内单体支柱工作阻力及巷道围岩变形等变化规律,提出了受采动影响巷道的支护措施,合理的控制了巷道围岩变形,保证采煤工作面的安全回采。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the