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1.
The photo-reactions between metabolic products of human sweat and dyestuffs on garments may produce many toxic substances which could directly contact skin and threaten human health. In order to investigate the impact of the perspiration on photo-fading of reactive dyes on cellulose, nine commercial reactive dyes belonging to three types of chromophores (azo, Cu-complex azo and anthraquinone) respectively were chosen and their perspiration-light stability on cotton fabric was studied following ATTS test standard. It is found that the impact of the artificial perspiration on dyes varies with different chromophores: anthraquinone reactive dyes always show the best photo-stability, whereas Cu-complex azo reactive dyes appear to be the most sensitive under exposure to light and perspiration. The pH value of perspiration also greatly influences the fading of dyes with different reactive groups: the fading rate of most chlorotriazinyl reactive dyes in acidic perspiration (pH = 3. 5) is higher than in alkaline perspiration (pH= 8.0), while the reverse is true for most vinylsulphonyl dyes. Furthermore, the study of the contribution of individual component of the artificial perspiration discloses that L- Histidine monohydrochloride monohydrate, DL-Aspartic acid and lactic acid play the major roles on the photo-fading of those selected dyestuffs and inorganic salts including d'isodium hydrogen phosphate and sodium chloride usually decelerate photo-fading.  相似文献   

2.
There is a powerful market-need for superfast disperse dyes in special use, e.g. for automotivefabrics. The photochemical fading reactions of dyes are often very complicated, and no singlphotodegradation pathway can be involved for all kinds of dyes. To enhance the photostability of the commonly used disperse dyes, a series of tests on the ef-fect of variable stabilizers on the photodegradation rate of nine representative disperse dyes werecarried out both in ethyl acetate solution and on cellulose acetate film. A moderate light sourceemitting above 300 nm was adopted in this study to simulate the photofading under practical appli-cations. The results show that, in solution, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine is the most effectivegeneral stabilizer for all the tested dyes, but on cellulose film, nickel diethyl-dithiocarbamateshows the greatest general protecting effect, and a synergistic effect is observed for special combina-tions of stabilizers.  相似文献   

3.
Two azo dyes,C.I.Reactive Red 195(RR195)and C.I.Acid Black 234(AB234)were degraded by photocatalysis of Fe(Ⅲ)-oxalate complexes/H2O2 in aqueous non-ionic surfactant,Triton X-100(TX-100)solution.Some factors affecting the dye degradation such as TX-100 concentration,irradiation intensity,and sodium chloride were investigated.The interaction and competition between dye and TX-100 during the degradation were also examined using spectrophotometry and maximum bubble pressure method,respectively.The results indicated that TX-100 showed a significant reduction effect on degradation of two azo dyes,but which was largely confined to TX-100 concentration below the Critical Micellar Concentration(CMC).And the reduction was considerably decreased above the CMC,especially in the case of AB234.Moreover,the reducing effect of TX-100 on dye degradation almost did not vary with irradiation intensity.And the impact of sodium chloride on dye degradation was limited by the addition of TX-100.  相似文献   

4.
For a better understanding of the feasibility of supercritieal fluid dyeing (SFD) and more available information for the process development, the experiments of dyeing PET textile with C.I. disperse red 60 (anthraquinone type) and C. I. disperse orange 25 (azo type) in supercritieal CO2 were carried out with a high-pressure dyeing apparatus at temperatures from 80 to 130℃ and pressure up to 31 MPa. The effect of operating conditions on color yield (K/S) was investigated in SFD experiment, and the optimum operating conditions for the above two disperse dyes were obtained as follows: the temperature 120℃, the pressure 25 MPa and the dyeing time 100 min. As compared with SFD, the conventional water dyeing (CWD) was carried out with the same dyes and textile. The results show that the better fastness, levelness and apparent color can be achieved in SFD and the SFD process has many significant advantages over the CWD process.  相似文献   

5.
Seventeen disperse dyes including anthraquinone, azo, methine, nitro, and quinoline dyes were applied to dye the Polylactic Acid (PLA) yarns at different conditions, and the dyebath exhaustion was determined. The result shows that C.I. disperse red 167, C.I. disperse orange 30, and C.I. disperse blue 284 have dye-uptakes greater than 80%. Therefore, they can be used as the three principal dyes for PLA yams. The experiment discovered that the dyes, because of their Monoazo and ester group contents, have a higher dye-uptake for the PLA fiber. The research on the optimization of dyeing techniques suggests that PLA yarn can obtain a high level of dyeing effectiveness at the following conditions: pH 4- 5, dyeing temperture 110℃ for 30- 40 min. Color fastness to perspiration, and waterwashing fastness increased 1 - 1.5 by the addition of the abstergent FB during the reduction clearing.  相似文献   

6.
Azo dyes have been used in many industries (textile mill, printing and dyeing mill, paper and pulp mill) and have caused great environmental pollution due to complicated constitution and high chemical stability. The construction of azo dyes can be destroyed by ozonization, but not thoroughly when the ozone dosage is controlled to a certain extent and the operating cost is higher. Ozonization decomposed ability with ultrasonic enhancement on azo dyes has been demonstrated in the study. The conclusion derived from this investigation may be summarized as follows: (1) The decoloration rate of arsenazoⅠsolutions during sonozone treatment is more rapid than the rate obtained with ozone alone because the complicated constitution has been destroyed by the O free radical from ozone decomposition. (2) The destructing pathway of arsenazoⅠby ozone with ultrasound is identical with that of by ozone alone: the breakdown of —N== N— bonds, the conversion of benzene ring to carboxylic acid, and —HSO3 bonds to H2SO4. So, pH value of the arsenazo Ⅰ solution continuously drops down to 3.2.  相似文献   

7.
Because of the potential carcinogenic effects and difficult degradation of azo dyes, their degradation has been a longstanding problem. The degradation of azo dye Direct Blue 6 (DB6) using ball-milled (BM) high-entropy alloy (HEA) powders was characterized in this work. Newly designed AlFeMnTiM (M=Cr, Co, Ni) HEAs synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) showed excellent performance in the degradation of azo dye DB6. The degradation efficiency of AlFeMnTiCr is approximately 19 times greater than that of the widely used commercial Fe-Si-B amorphous alloy ribbons and more than 100 times greater than that of the widely used commercial zero-valent iron (ZVI) powders. The galvanic-cell effect and the unique crystal structure are responsible for the good degradation performance of the BM HEAs. This study indicates that BM HEAs are attractive, valuable, and promising environmental catalysts for wastewater contaminated by azo dyes.  相似文献   

8.
Because of the potential carcinogenic effects and difficult degradation of azo dyes, their degradation has been a longstanding problem. The degradation of azo dye Direct Blue 6(DB6) using ball-milled(BM) high-entropy alloy(HEA) powders was characterized in this work. Newly designed AlFeMnTiM(M = Cr, Co, Ni) HEAs synthesized by mechanical alloying(MA) showed excellent performance in the degradation of azo dye DB6. The degradation efficiency of AlFeMnTiCr is approximately 19 times greater than that of the widely used commercial Fe–Si–B amorphous alloy ribbons and more than 100 times greater than that of the widely used commercial zero-valent iron(ZVI) powders. The galvanic-cell effect and the unique crystal structure are responsible for the good degradation performance of the BM HEAs. This study indicates that BM HEAs are attractive, valuable, and promising environmental catalysts for wastewater contaminated by azo dyes.  相似文献   

9.
In recent years, many researches indicate that whiterot fungus is a promising microbe in wastewater ireatmentThe basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium in whiterot fungi is the most extensively studied and discussed.The extracellular ligninolytic enzymes of white rot fungihave the ability to degrade a wide spectrum of recalcitrantorgano-pollutants such as chlorinated phenols and varioustypes of synthetic dyes because of their nonspecific char-acteristicst. And some significant mineralization (20%--48%) was observed during degradation of azo dyes.  相似文献   

10.
In this study,twenty disazo reactive red dyes with J acid as coupling components were selected,and their ground state geometry were studied with BLYP functional and TZVP basis set. The UV-vis absorption spectra were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory(TDDFT) employing B3 LYP and PBE0 hybrid functionals and TZVP basis set,and the absolute mean errors are 0.094 e V and 0.133 e V for B3 LYP and PBE0,respectively. From the comparison of the calculated λ_(max) of the three conformations of disazo reactive red dye,cis-,trans-,and azo,with that of experimental one,we find out that conformation plays an important role on UV-Vis absorption. Dyes 6 and 8 exist in azo conformation rather than in cis-conformation. "Hole-electron" distribution analysis reveals that although these λ_(max) arises from different electron transitions,these electron excitations have the same character of local excitation(LE).  相似文献   

11.
共固定化醌还原菌群与蒽醌促进偶氮染料生物脱色   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
水溶性氧化还原介体可加速偶氮染料厌氧生物脱色,但会随出水而流失,造成二次污染.将醌还原菌群与非水溶性介体——蒽醌共固定化,考察了其对偶氮染料生物脱色的影响.克隆和RIS片段测序结果表明,醌还原菌群主要包括乳杆菌科(Lactobacillaceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)和拟杆菌科(Bacteroidaceae);共固定化醌还原菌群与蒽醌对10种不同结构偶氮染料的生物脱色速率提高1.3~2.1倍;共固定化菌球经10次循环使用后,对活性艳红KE-3B脱色率仍保持在85%以上.  相似文献   

12.
几种含二茂铁基染料的合成   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
设计合成了5个含二茂铁基的萘酰亚胺类、蒽醌类、偶氮类染料,通过核磁共振氢谱、质谱、元素分析对其结构进行了表征,并对合成进行了讨论。  相似文献   

13.
超细纤维用分散染料   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
从超细纤维的特点出发,分析了超细纤维在染色时出现的问题,从染料分子设计出发,介绍了可用于超细纤维染色的典型分散染料结构,并从偶氮、蒽酯以及杂环类洒料结构的特点。讨论了改进超细纤维用染料的途径。  相似文献   

14.
分散染料溶解度参数的计算及应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用Small、Hoy、Krevelen和Fedors基团增量法,对50只蒽醌、偶氮分散染料的溶解度参数进行了计算,并作了比较。对Small法中—NH_2、—NO_2、—NH—、—N—基团的吸引力常数作了补充。确认用于计算分散染料及涤纶纤维溶解度参数的较好方法是Hoy法。且发现:①当染料的溶解度参数与涤纶的溶解度参数接近时,染料的耐升华牢度可达4—5级;②分散染料摩尔体积与其匀染性几乎呈反比关系,当摩尔体积为210—340cm~3/mol时,匀染性能可达3—4级;③分散染料的扩散系数随着其摩尔体积的增大而减小,其减小趋势逐渐变缓。  相似文献   

15.
溴氨酸降解菌对磺酸化偶氮染料脱色研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
考察了溴氨酸降解菌——鞘氨醇单胞菌QYY菌株对磺酸化偶氮染料的脱色特性及溴氨酸作为氧化还原介体对其脱色的影响.研究表明,磺酸化偶氮染料酸性大红3R厌氧脱色的适宜条件是:pH 8.0,温度30℃,外加碳源葡萄糖和乙酸钠各为4 g.L-1.当外加溴氨酸浓度为19.1~152.8 mg.L-1时,QYY菌株对酸性大红3R的脱色速率可提高0.3~1.9倍.并且溴氨酸能够促进其他磺酸化偶氮染料的脱色.连续5次向培养基中补加120 mg.L-1酸性大红3R,溴氨酸都能够促使菌株QYY快速有效地将其脱色,并且每次酸性大红3R脱色后,菌株QYY都能将溴氨酸在24 h内好氧降解.  相似文献   

16.
通过对所成合的34个1,3.4-及 1,2.4-噻哒唑系杂环偶氮染料和17个苯系偶氮染料测定的光谱数据的讨论及对部分噻哒唑系染料进行的PPP-MO法计算.研究了噻哒唑系杂环偶氮染料分子结构与颜色之间的关系,并确定了一组有关PPP-MO法计算的参数。计算结果与实验结果吻合,且可用于解释噻哒唑杂环结构对颜色灼影响。  相似文献   

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