原太阳吸积盘的结构

计算了粘滞演化阶段不同的吸积率下原太阳吸积盘的结构．应用标准α模型估算盘中的粘滞，粘滞参数α取０．０１．盘由粘滞扩散加热，通过对流和辐射散热．对温度敏感的不透明度是决定盘结构的重要因素     

MHD吸积盘上两种能量转移机制的比较

MHD张力在黑洞吸积盘模型的角动量转移上扮演重要的角色，大尺度上的MHD力矩促进吸积盘垂直向的角动量转移，并出现与吸积相关的各种流的普遍现象，而且能够影响吸积盘的辐射谱。在标准吸积盘辐射模型的基础上，考虑坡印廷流主导（Poynting-fluxdominated）和物质流主导（Mass—fluxdominated）（质量吸积率随吸积盘的半径而变化），对吸积盘辐射产生的变化。理论表明两种主导因素对标准吸积盘的辐射能够产生很好的修正。同时两种主导模型之间也存在着一定的差别。坡印廷流主导的盘产生的辐射峰值频率比物质流主导的要高。物质流主导的吸积盘产生的辐射谱型在低频部分要比坡印廷流主导的要平坦。     

含径向对流吸积盘的径向—环向不稳定性研究

从流体力学方程组出发,用微扰法得出含烃向对流吸积盘的径向。－环向不稳定性的色散方程,并根据盘的不同结构研究了四种模的不稳定性质,着重研究了径向粘滞力对含径向对流吸积的径向－环不稳定性的影响。结果表明：径向粘滞力对声模有较大的影响,但不改变粘滞模和热模的稳定性质,这一模型有利于解释银河系中黑洞候选体的ＱＰＯ现象。     

热吸积流研究的新进展

简要回顾了吸积盘理论发展的有关情况，着重反映热吸积流研究领域所取得的一些最新进展。     

黑洞磁化薄吸积盘的热稳定性

首先回顾了吸积盘理论产生的背景和研究概况.自从1991年Balbus和Hawley揭示了磁转动不稳定性(MRI)在较差转动流体系统中的重要性之后,磁场逐渐成为吸积盘理论研究所不可回避的成分.因此在标准薄盘模型的框架下,引入了环向磁场.假设在热扰动发生的时标内局部环向磁通量守恒,具体分析了当环向磁场参与到吸积盘垂向流体静力学平衡以及粘滞产热等过程之后,对盘的热稳定性所产生的影响.结果显示:当磁压在总压强中所占比例高于24%时,对任意的吸积率吸积盘都将呈现出热稳定性.这一结果有别于传统薄盘在辐射压主导情况下是热不稳定的结论,可以用于解释部分高光度X射线双星系统中缺少相应光变的观测事实,以及有助于理解近年来磁化吸积盘数值模拟中的一些结果.     

吸积盘中心黑洞的熵变与B—Z过程

分别在薄盘和厚盘两种情况下，详细讨论了纯吸积过程和Ｂ－Ｚ过程中吸积盘中心黑洞的熵变。结果表明，中心黑洞各参量在Ｂ－Ｚ过程中的变化率与在纯吸积过程中的变化率之差与盘结构无关，而且与Ｂ－Ｚ过程的辐射功率成正比。在Ｂ－Ｚ过程中黑洞熵的变化率总是大于纯吸积过程中黑洞熵的变化率，二者之差来自中心黑洞延伸视界上的耗散功率。此外，还讨论了黑洞热力学定律在上述盘吸积过程中的有效性。     

超爱丁顿吸积盘的临界光度

Slim盘是一类光学厚、几何厚度可以和半径相当的径移主导吸积盘,广泛应用于解释超爱丁顿吸积的观测现象.超爱丁顿吸积流的数字模拟显示外流的存在,意味着盘上只有一小部分的气体被黑洞吞入.本文在研究Slim盘的时候,垂向采用准确的引力作用,计算结果显示吸积盘的垂向存在引力的上限,吸积盘的外部区域存在吸积率上限,该上限值随半径的变化而变化.该结果表明,在超爱丁顿吸积的情况下,只有盘的内部区域可能以Slim盘的形式存在,而外部区域需要通过某种机制损失物质,这种机制很可能就是外流,这个结果与数值模拟的结果相符.最后,本文拟合了盘光度L/L disk Edd随无量纲化吸积率m的变化曲线,得到盘光度与吸积率关系的解析表达式.     

自引力均分吸积盘的不稳定性

采用微扰方法导了磁粘滞情况下自引力均分薄吸积盘的色散方程研究了吸积秀斩不稳定性，并分析了自引力，磁场，粘滞对吸积盘不稳定性的影响，数值计算表明，在同时考虑自引力和磁场时，吸积盘存在着３种振荡模式（总是稳定的粘滞横模式和通常不稳定的磁声模式及中性模式）这些结果为解释ＢＬ．Ｌａｃ天体，Ｓｅｙｆｅｒｔ星系，类星体等活动星系核的光变现象提供了理论依据。     

黑洞吸积盘径向参量的演化

利用黑洞吸积盘演化的基本方程组 ,在纯吸积情况下 ,求得了薄、厚吸积盘及一般厚吸积盘的黑洞视界半径rH的演化方程 .证实了中心黑洞与吸积盘相互影响的基本性质 ,并得到一些新的结果 .黑洞视界半径rH演化并非完全单调 ,其演化特性与吸积盘的类型有关 :对于薄盘 ,rH单调递增 ;对于临界厚盘 ,rH先增后减 ;对于一般厚盘 ,rH先增后减再递增 .还讨论了吸积盘内边缘与黑洞视界间隔的演化 .     

盘吸积过程物理意义的新考察

本文利用稳态吸积盘角动量守恒条件,详尽地考察了盘吸积的物质过程,简单而有效地导出了吸积盘的径向吸积速率。其数学结果与流体力学方程组的解完全一致,但对物理过程的分析却显得非常直观,为盘吸积过程提供了明晰的物理图象。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the