区县级滑坡灾害预测预报系统研究与应用(三峡地区资源环境生态研究)

滑坡灾害是危害最为严重的地质灾害之一,防治这种地质灾害最有效的途径是对其进行预测预报。为了较好地预测预报滑坡灾害,通过对滑坡灾害危险等级区划模型进行深入研究分析,采用滑坡有效降水引发的滑坡灾害危险区划模型,运用GIS二次开发方式设计实现了区县级精细化滑坡预测预报系统,完成了滑坡灾害危险等级区划结果预测及滑坡灾害信息管理。该系统以文本、图片的方式,通过电视、广播、互联网、远程Web访问、手机短信服务等多种渠道向公众发布当日及未来3日可能发生危险滑坡等级,提供应对措施等有效参考信息,也为当地政府部门制订防灾、减灾措施等提供科学的决策依据。     

黄土滑坡类型及变形破坏机制

中国西北黄土高原地区滑坡灾害十分发育,按滑体岩土组成和滑面发育位置,黄土地区的滑坡可划分为黄土层内滑坡、黄土接触面滑坡、黄土-泥岩顺层滑坡、黄土-泥岩切层滑坡四种基本类型。在此基础上。本文对四类黄土滑坡的变形破坏机制进行了系统研究,主要包括滑移-拉裂型、滑移-压致-拉裂型、滑移—拉裂-剪断型三类,归纳总结了不同黄土滑坡对应的变形破坏机制。这些基本规律对黄土滑坡研究和防治、滑坡灾害预测有-定指导意义和实用价值。     

渤海海域海冰严重灾害的灰色预测

根据１９６０－１９９５年间渤海海域的海冰灾害的实际观测资料，建立了信息ＧＭ（１，１）模型，并在此基础上又分别对ＧＭ（１，１）灰色预测模型提出新的改进型预测模型，并运用改进型的预测模型对渤海海域的海冰严重灾害进行预测，据预测未来可能发生的两次海冰严重灾害为２００３年和２０１１年。     

滑坡预测预报研究发展综述

滑坡预测预报系统将有效的解决灾害发生地点,灾害发生时间,灾害将带来的影响和破坏程度这三方面边坡灾害的疑惑。本文将对滑坡预测预报研究发展过程进行综述回顾,对滑坡预测现阶段存在的主要问题进行阐述,对边坡预测预报的发展趋势进行展望。     

用开放的复杂巨系统理论探讨《滑坡灾害学》的构建

《滑坡灾害学》是为了研究和揭示滑坡灾害的发生、发展和演化规律，使之有效地防灾和减灾而产生的一个新兴边缘学科。它是一个涉及领域广阔、研究对象众多的复杂系统。本文介绍了开放的复杂巨系统理论及其方法论，文章在分析滑坡灾害系统特征的基础上，指出滑坡灾害系统是一个开放的复杂巨系统，并提出以开放的复杂巨系统理论指导《滑坡灾害学》的构建。     

滑坡区下煤层控制开采与综合治理

开采引起滑坡灾害的控制是矿山安全开采工程中需要解决的难题之一。根据地下开采与滑坡体的协同作用关系，分析了达竹矿务局柏林煤矿042采区南翼滑坡体结构、类型及特点，在坡脚采用涵洞导流充填河沟自由面，在坡体中下部设深坑基混凝土抗滑墩，在坡体上部采用排水沟疏水等综合控制措施，同时应用顺坡间歇区段控制开采技术开采滑坡体下煤层。结果表明：这种方法的应用能够有效地控制采动引起坡体表土层滑移，防止滑坡灾害的发生，保护了坡体下部工业广场的建筑设施，实现了滑坡区高层建筑物下煤层的安全开采，取得了显著的技术经济效益；应用控制开采技术结合滑坡区综合治理措施是滑坡区下安全开采的一种有效方法。     

灰色系统理论在徐州地区气象干旱预测中的应用

干旱是气象灾害中最频发的一种,对国民经济和生态环境会产生重大影响.气象干旱是干旱的基础类型,对其适时预测分析有助于当地的灾害预防.根据徐州1960～2005年的降水资料,运用灰色系统理论,构建了不同响应时间(年和4季)的徐州地区气象干旱灰色预测模型GM(1,1).将模型进行统计检验并预测2006～2020年徐州气象干旱可能发生的年份,结合2006～2010年徐州降水量及无降水日记录对预报结果验证.结果表明,该理论模型的预测结果合理可信,2010～2020年间徐州地区干旱可能发生的年份为2015,2017,2020年,此结果可为徐州农业灌溉决策服务和管理提供一定参考.     

历史时期长江三峡地区山地地质灾害的分布规律及特点

三峡地区是中国山地地质灾害最为严重的地区之一,历代史料中不乏对这些灾害的记载。通过对这些史料的整理、研究,有利于我们了解这一地区的山地地质灾害情况,总结灾害规律,进而预测未来三峡地区可能发生的山地地质灾害。文章主要依据历代正史、方志、现代灾害史料汇编等资料,详细分析了历史时期三峡地区山地地质灾害的时空分布规律和灾害特点,发现历史时期三峡地区岩崩滑坡灾害较多,且集中在重庆城区及云阳至秭归一线,而从灾害发生的时间来看,主要集中在夏季。     

公路降雨型滑坡灾害的预测预报

在公路工程中,降雨型滑坡灾害具有区域性、群发性和突发性等特点,是常见的公路自然灾害之一,往往破坏交通基础设施,造成交通中断和人员财产损失。简要地论述了降雨型滑坡灾害的特点及其成因机制,并从空间预测、时间预报和强度预报等3方面研究了其预测预报方法。其中,空间预测是时间预报的先决条件。正确合理地预测预报公路降雨型滑坡灾害,对进一步研究公路滑坡灾害危险性评价及其区划是非常必要的,对公路建设及养护具有十分重要的意义。     

滑坡灾害短期临滑预报监测新途径研究

由于滑坡灾害的复杂性,迄今为止,尚未形成经得起大量实践验证的预报理论与方法,现仍然是地质灾害学中正在探索研究而未完全解决的难题.通过对滑坡灾害研究史、预测预报、监测技术的分析,认为在滑坡进入加速变形至剧变形破坏阶段,地表及深部监测网点及其设施遭受破坏,无法继续利用“点”式测量方法采集监测数据的情况下,地面三维激光扫描仪可不受干扰独立进行滑坡的“面”式测量,为预测预报滑坡的发生时间提供第一手连续可靠的数据资料,可进一步提高滑坡灾害预测预报的精度.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.