水滑石类有机无机杂化材料的合成与嫁接作用

以硝酸根型水滑石为前驱体，采用阴离子直接交换法制备了水杨酸根柱撑水滑石有机-无机杂化材料，在对样品进行结构表征的基础上，用DTA、IR和XRD等手段研究了主体层板和客体阴离子柱之间的相互作用.结果表明，有机阴离子插入水滑石层间，由于主客体相互作用，可使水滑石层的脱羟基温度和有机阴离子的燃烧分解温度得到较大幅度的提高.不同温度处理样品的XRD和IR研究表明，样品的热处理过程实质上是一个促进主客体相互作用的过程，即客体阴离子向主体层板的嫁接过程，其直接结果是形成氢键.通常，对嫁接温度的选择应是在样品的脱除层间水和羟基完全脱去的温度之间.     

有机阴离子柱撑水滑石的制备与表征

用离子交换法制备了十二烷基苯磺酸柱撑水滑石(LDH-DB)、十二烷基硫酸柱撑水滑石(LDH-DS)和硬脂酸柱撑水滑石(LDH-St),并通过XRD、FTIR和TGA对改性前后LDH的结构进行了表征.结果表明:当有机阴离子与LDH物质的量比为2、反应温度为70～80,℃、反应时间为2,h、反应pH为4时,有机阴离子可以插入水滑石层间完全取代CO23-,且反应生成的柱撑水滑石具有完整的层状结构.     

镁铝双氢氧化物的十二烷基单磷酸钾插层研究

采用成核/晶化法制备了镁铝型的层状双氢氧化物(MgAl-LDHs),以十二烷基单磷酸钾(PK)对LDH进行有机改性,制得有机化的LDH(LDH-PK).x-射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)研究表明十二烷基单磷酸根离子成功的插层进入层间,并将层间距从0.78 nm扩大到3.98 nm;热重分析(TGA)结果表明十二烷基单磷酸根离子插层的MgAl-LDH(MgAl-LDH-PK)的热分解过程分为三个明显的失重阶段,分别对应着表面吸附水、层间脱水及层板羟基脱水及层间客体阴离子的降解;同时讨论了重构中插入层间十二烷基磷酸根离子的负载量.     

苯二甲酸根阴离子插层水滑石的合成及阴离子嫁接作用研究

以金属硝酸盐、有机酸及碱为原料,采用原位一步合成法制备了苯二甲酸根阴离子插层水滑石有机-无机杂化材料,用XRD和IR对合成的样品进行了组成和结构的表征,用DTA结合不同温度焙烧样品的XRD和IR详细研究了插层水滑石样品的主体层板和客体阴离子之间的相互作用及阴离子嫁接作用情况.结果表明,样品的热处理过程实质上是一个促进主客体相互作用加强的过程,即客体阴离子向主体层板的嫁接过程,其直接结果是形成强的化学键(如氢键),并导致层间距的适当压缩.通常,对嫁接温度的选择应是在样品的脱除层间水和羟基完全脱去的温度之间.     

生物质花生壳热分解及热分解模拟

用NETZSCH-STA409PC热分析仪研究了生物质花生壳的分解规律和动力学.花生壳的热分解主要有3个失重过程,第1个发生在80～100℃,为失水过程,对应DSC为吸热,失重量6%;第2个发生在100～380℃,为花生壳的热分解过程,该过程为吸热,失重量54%;第3个发生在380～700℃,为热分解残余有机物缓慢分解过程,失重量为16%;700℃后,基本恒重.讨论升温速率、粒度、气速对热分解曲线的影响.拟合了动力学方程函数,并求出动力学参数.花生壳分解可用三维扩散模型(D3)模拟,活化能E=141.67kJ.mol-1,指前因子lgA=8.645 4,用所得D3模型动力学方程预测,在花生壳分解过程中于360℃保温12min它的分解率近100%.这个结果能够用于优化气化分解过程.     

鸡粪生物炭对萘的吸附性能研究

以鸡粪为生物质原料,采用热分解法在管式炉中氮气氛围下分别于300、500、700℃温度下及在马弗炉中限氧500℃温度下制备生物炭,采用XRD、SEM和FTIR等对所制备的鸡粪生物炭进行表征,研究不同条件下所制备的鸡粪生物炭对萘吸附特性的影响,并探讨鸡粪生物炭对萘的吸附机理。结果表明,鸡粪生物炭具有凹凸不平、不规则表面的无定形炭结构,表面具有—COOH、—OH等多种含氧官能团;随着热解温度的升高,萘在鸡粪生物炭上的吸附量先减小后增加,其中,在700℃热解温度下制备的鸡粪生物炭对萘的吸附量最大;鸡粪生物炭对萘的吸附过程主要为化学吸附,而且是多层吸附,其中,700℃热解温度下制备的鸡粪生物炭对萘的吸附机制主要是疏水作用,而300℃热解温度下制备的鸡粪生物炭对萘的吸附机制主要为分配作用。     

原位聚合纳米SiO2杂化酚醛及其耐热性

以原位法制备了SiO2/杂化酚醛复合材料。采用热分析系统,对SiO2/杂化酚醛进行了DSC/TG曲线研究,展示了它的热解动态。结果表明其耐热性均显著优于普通的酚醛树脂,纳米SiO2/杂化酚醛的初始热分解温度为450℃,当热分解温度≥700℃时,残碳率≥60%,用此复合材料作为基体树脂制备的无石棉编织型制动带,低温摩擦系数达0.40以上,高温摩擦系数可达0.25以上,且摩擦系数恢复性良好。     

有机复合改性水滑石的制备与表征

为改善水滑石层间距小,在聚合物中不易分散的不足.以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和山梨酸钾(SBA)为复合插层剂,采用焙烧复原法对水滑石(LDH)进行有机复合插层改性,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)对样品进行了表征.结果表明:在反应温度为70℃,反应时间为4 h,插层剂与水滑石质量比为1﹕1的情况下,首先在体系p H为9时加入SDS,然后在体系p H为4时加入SBA的方法,可以将SDS/SBA复合阴离子插入至LDH完全取代CO_3~(2-).改性后的LDH层间距较大,该材料在食品保鲜膜改性添加剂中具有潜在的应用.     

贝壳棱柱层和珍珠层的傅里叶变化红外光谱

运用热重分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析技术,对夏夷扇贝棱柱层和珍珠层粉末样品进行温度变化性质研究.研究结果表明,贝壳棱柱层和珍珠层的主要成分均为方解石型碳酸钙,并含有少量有机质和水分,棱柱层有机质含量高于珍珠层.珍珠层和棱柱层样品分别于600℃、700℃发生碳化,所含有机物分别于700℃、800℃发生完全分解,同时热处理前后红外光谱吸收峰的峰形、峰位发生了明显变化,有机质含量的高低与CO32-不对称伸缩振动ν3的峰位负相关,而与CO32-的面内弯曲振动2ν、面外弯曲振动ν4无关.变化表明,热分解前存在生物大分子与方解石型碳酸钙的配位作用,从分子结构水平上揭示了生物矿化材料中有机质对无机晶体的配位作用.     

固相法制备Cr2O3微粒子

以铬酸酐热分解制备Cr2O3工艺为基础,研究了反应温度、时间以及硼化物、氧化物、铬化合物、可燃性粉末添加物对产品性能的影响,发现在可燃性粉末质量分数为2%～3%、适量水、温度为700 ℃、时间为90 min的条件下,可得到平均粒径为200 nm,分散性良好的Cr2O3微粒.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.