塔河油田典型碳酸盐岩断溶体发育模式

针对塔河油田奥陶系断溶体油藏精细刻画困难的问题,利用纵向分辨率较高的测井资料,结合地质和开发等资料,开展断溶体储集空间的分类与识别、断溶体发育影响因素分析,提出塔河油田典型断溶体的发育模式。结果表明:塔河油田奥陶系断溶体油藏的储集空间可划分为裂缝型、裂缝-溶孔型、溶孔型、溶洞型4大类;断溶体的发育程度受地层与断层之间距离的影响最大,受地层抬升剥蚀程度以及泥质含量的影响其次,不同影响因素交织在一起导致断溶体在纵横向的分布和连通方式各异。根据主控因素及纵横向的分布和连通方式的差异,塔河油田奥陶系断溶体的发育可分为V字型、倒V字型、条带型和复合型4种模式。     

基于物质平衡方程的断溶体油藏动态油水界面预测新模型

断溶体油藏裂-洞空间发育、结构复杂,开发过程中动态油水界面难以确定.在孤立溶洞和多供给溶洞两类典型缝洞组合模式的基础上,假设井筒与溶洞为垂向自由流,推导微可压缩流体在溶洞内流动的井底压力与溶洞平均压力基本解;视孤立溶洞为单一封闭储集体,多供给溶洞为通过裂缝连通的多套储集体,运用物质平衡方程建立一种新的断溶体油藏动态油水...     

利用外推法对石榴子石族矿物晶格常数的精确测定

在矿物学中,元素间的类质同象代替会引起矿物晶格常数细微但有规律的变化。因此,精确地测定矿物的晶格常数,有助于我们了解类质同象因溶体中各矿物的组份。 本文利用X射线衍射分析中的外推法对四川石棉矿黑云母片岩中的石榴子石的晶格常数a_o作了精确的测定。 其结果;a_o=11.5305A 因此,可以认为该区的石榴子石属于铝系列,其端元矿物分子主要为铁铝石榴子石,少部分为镁铝石榴石。     

一种求解板材挤出模具流道中溶体流动的新方法

本文提出一种新方法一有限块法，来处理板材挤出模具流道中三维非牛顿溶体流动，它可把三维问题化为二维，比三维有限元法简便很多，既节省了计算机内存也缩短了计算时间，显示出该法在工程应用中有着很好前景．     

高压溶出贵州铝土矿时硅钛矿物的相变行为

贵州铝土矿是高硅低铁、难溶的一水硬铝石型矿石,其铝矿物及硅矿物比俄罗斯和希腊同类型铝土矿中的铝硅矿物都难溶。本文系统研究了从贵州铝土矿中分离出来的高岭石、白云母及鲕绿泥石精矿、铝土矿综合矿样的溶出及相变行为。并对它们的拜耳赤泥进行了化学分析,查明四种赤泥中共生成了８个新相,与国外的赤泥相组成完全不同。在溶出鲕绿泥石精矿的赤泥中首次发现了含铁水化石榴石相,并计算出了分子式。     

鲁苏榴辉岩套的特征及其动力学演化

鲁苏榴辉岩套以广泛分布各类榴辉岩,密切伴生石榴石橄榄岩,石榴石麻粒岩等高压岩石组合,普遍发育韧性变形带,大量出露燕山晚期碱性花岗岩及深源脉岩为特征,它已经历三迭纪早期华南陆块与华北陆块的碰撞事件,大陆逆掩推覆构造事件及后期白垩纪早期开始的大陆伸展构造事件,是我国华南陆块与华北陆块之间的重要过渡单元。     

南秦岭岚皋基性火山岩的地质学、地球化学及其构造意义

为了研究南秦岭岚皋地区基性火山岩的岩石成因和区域构造背景,选择岚皋县境内的玄武岩和火山角砾岩进行岩相学、常量元素、微量元素和稀土元素的分析。通过分析发现,它们同属于碱性玄武岩系列,轻重稀土分异明显,Rb,K相对Th,Hf亏损,不具Nb,Ta,Zr,Ti负异常,整体表现出与OIB(洋岛玄武岩)高度一致的稀土图谱和微量元素特征。岩石成因分析表明,它们为同源岩浆演化序列,其原始岩浆起源于尖晶石-石榴石二辉橄榄岩和石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔源区的低度部分熔融,在上升过程中基本未受地壳混染的影响。岩浆演化过程中主要经历了单斜辉石、少量斜长石的分离结晶作用。综合区域地质学和微量元素特征,该组火山岩最有可能形成于洋盆台地或大洋岛构造环境。     

长江水系沉积物碎屑石榴石化学组成及物源示踪

长江流域主要干流和支流碎屑沉积物中的单颗粒石榴石化学组成分析显示,石榴石元素组成以SiO_2、FeO、Al_2O_3、MnO、CaO、MgO、TiO_2为主,石榴石组合主要是镁铝榴石、铁铝榴石、钙铝榴石和锰铝榴石,其平均物质的量分数分别是65.4%、13.8%、9.4%和11.5%.利用石榴石G-P-AS物源分析方法,可以识别出长江流域的特征石榴石组合.长江水系沉积物中碎屑石榴石呈低Mg、高Mn特征,其源岩以中低级变质岩为主,长江流域出露的片岩、千枚岩和大理岩以及低温接触变质岩控制了沉积物石榴石的组成.金沙江是长江入海粗粒沉积物的主要来源,石榴石组合呈现为典型的低Mg、高Mn特征,与整个长江干流石榴石组成一致,但由于未受到中下游近源沉积物影响,其石榴石组合可以作为长江特征物源端元,用以中国东部海域沉积物物源示踪.     

库车坳陷侏罗系砂岩组分和重矿物组合特征及其源区属性

库车盆地侏罗系的岩石学特征、重矿物组合与构造演化具有一致性,构造演化是控制盆地充填过程的主要因素.受盆地两侧物源区的控制,母岩为沉积岩、高级变质以及酸性岩浆岩,重矿物组合以锆石、石榴石和磁铁矿含量最高.据不同的重矿物指数可以把侏罗系划分为三个重矿物韵律层,下部层序含有丰富的重矿物,岩屑含量较高,物源区以再旋回造山带为主,"锆石-石榴石-磁铁矿"组合,表明盆地早期演化阶段沉积区离盆地物源区相对较近;中部层序重矿物组合和母岩性质有所不同,以石榴石含量最高,为"石榴石-锆石"组合,主要母岩为盆地东北缘的高级变质岩、酸性岩浆岩和热液岩脉;中上部碎屑物源仍以盆地北部边缘再旋回造山带为主,但 南缘隆起提供物源已比较明显.重矿物组合、重矿物指数发生明显转折的层段与二级层序界面有较好的吻合,反映了盆地北缘造山带的剥蚀历史和盆地的充填过程.     

北大别罗田超高压榴辉岩中峰期变质矿物:褐帘石和氟磷灰石

对北大别西南部"罗田穹隆"中超高压榴辉岩进行了变质岩石学研究,发现其中含有褐帘石和氟磷灰石.褐帘石主要以包体形式产出于石榴子石中,富含稀土元素,部分已退变为绿帘石;氟磷灰石主要以包体形式产出于石榴子石中或存在于基质中,产出于石榴子石中氟磷灰石具有较高的F含量(~3 wt%),而基质中氟磷灰石大多数具有磁黄铁矿针状出溶体及相对低的F含量(~1wt%).根据石榴子石中与褐帘石、氟磷灰石共生的包体矿物组合以及氟磷灰石中较高的F含量,证明它们形成于超高压条件下.由此提出了罗田榴辉岩曾发生超高压变质作用的新证据.     

K-rich lamellar exsolution in clinopyroxene： Constraint on the depth of peridotite source at Zhimafang

The oriented lamellar K-rich exsolutions within clinopyroxene host were recognized in garnet peridotite massif at Zhimafang in the Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic terrane, eastern China. EMP and TEM analyses revealed that the composition and the index of electron diffraction for this exsolution are corresponding with phlogopite, and the shape is the lamellae with 1 μm in width and 5 to 30 μm in length. Moreover, the topotaxy is that the (001) of K-rich exsolution parallels to (I00) of the clinopyroxene host. The electron diffraction analyzing shows the exsolution is of a 1M polymorphism. The high-resolution lattice fringe image displays the stack features along [001], which only a layer mineral shows. We conclude that the clinopyroxene with IM and K-rich exsolution was probably derived from mantle depths over 240 km, thus resulting from decompressional exsolution in the initial stage of slab exhumation.     

A combined study of SHRIMP U-Pb dating, trace element and mineral inclusions on high-pressure metamorphic overgrowth zircon in eclogite from Qinglongshan in the Sulu terrane

Methods recently advanced for discrimination on the genesis of metamorphic zircon, such as analysis of mineral inclusions and trace elements, provide us powerful means to distinguish zircon overgrowth during high-pressure metamorphism. Zircons in ultrahigh-pressure eclogite from Qinglongshan in the Sulu terrane were studied by the SHRIMP U-Pb method in combining with trace element and mineral inclusion analyses. No inherited core was identified in the analyzed zircons by means of cathodoluminescence images. The occurrence of high-pressure metamorphic mineral inclusions in zircon, such as garnet, omphacite, rutile, and the flat HREE pattern in zircon indicate that the zircon formed at high-pressure metamorphic conditions. Therefore, a weighted average U-Pb age of 227.4±3.5 Ma obtained from such a kind of zircon is interpreted to represent the timing of peak nietamorphism for the Qinglongshan eclogite.     

Zircon SHRIMP U-Pb age of garnet olivine pyroxenite at Hujialin in the Sulu terrane and its geological significance

Abundantbasic-ultrabasicbodiescropoutintheDabie-Suluultrahighpressure(UHP)metamorphicbeltandoccurasgroupandband.Muchresearchworkhasbeencarriedoutonthebasic-ultrabasicbodiesandmadeagreatprogressespeciallyonmineralogy.ThediscoveryofmineralassemblagesofUHPmetamorphismandexsolvedlamellaesuggestthattherocksmaycomefromthedeepmantleorwasonceemplacedintotheshallowlevelofthecrustandthensubductedtothemantledepthsduringsub-ductionofthecrust[1—13].However,theiroriginandtec-tonicsettingarestillacontrov…     

Mineral inclusions of zircon and UHP metamorphic evidence from paragneiss and orthogneiss of pre-pilot drillhole CCSD-PP2 in north Jiangsu Province, China

Coesite inclusions, together with omphacite, jadeite, garnet and phengite inclusions, were identified in zircons separates from almost all gneissic core samples of pre-pilot drillhole CCSD-PP2 by the Laser Raman spectroscopy and the cathodoluminescence method. These data indicate that gneissic rocks consisting of paragneisses and orthogneisses ubiquitously experienced UHP metamorphism. This research may be of great significance for an in-depth study of the subduction-exhumation mechanism of the Sulu UHP metamorphic belt and selecting the drilling site for the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project.     

Discovery of dunite and pyroxenite xenoliths in Mesozoic diorite at Jinling,western Shandong and its significance

Abundant deeply-derived xenoUths are discovered in a Mesozoic diorite at Jinling, Zibo, western Shandong, which mainly consist of dunite and pyroxenite. The dunite can be further subdivided into two subtypes. The first type shows tabular texture and high Mg^# values (93—94) in olivines. The second type is characterized by the metamorphic-deformation texture superimposed by later metasomatism and relatively low olivine Mg^# values (86--87). The mineral chemical data indicate that the former could be derived from ancient lithospheric mantle and the latter could have resulted from silica-rich melt metasomatism. The exsolution texture and the high Mg^# value in clinopyroxenes, together with the rather high equilibrium temperature, imply that the pyroxenite xenoliths could be the cumulates of mantle-derived magma in the uppermost mantle or near the crust-mantle boundary in the Mesozoic.     

湖南宁乡钾镁煌斑岩及相关岩石重砂锆石地球化学特征、U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

 对湖南宁乡等地多个含有金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩及相关岩石的重砂矿物进行了分离,利用电子探针、阴极发光图像及LA-ICPMS等对其中的锆石进行了主微量元素成分、内部结构及U-Pb同位素年龄的分析。结果表明,不同地点钾镁煌斑岩重砂锆石的地球化学特征具有一定相似性;与钾镁煌斑岩有关锆石的U-Pb年龄显示研究区的岩浆活动具有多期次的特点,其中宁乡Ⅰ号及Ⅲ号岩管钾镁煌斑岩4颗重砂锆石的²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为(101.6 ± 5.1)Ma,显示出较为年轻的特点,但石门上五通地区白垩系红层中也发现具有²⁰⁷Pb/ ²⁰⁶Pb 谐和年龄为(2 008±29)Ma古老岩浆结晶锆石的存在,证实该地和金刚石有关火山物质的来源具有复杂性。     

Coupled isomorphic substitution and exsolution of pyroxene,rutile, apatite and quartz in supersilicic garnet

Dissolution of pyroxene in garnet at ultrahigh pressures produces supersilicie garnet with the coupled substitutions of Si^Ⅵ M^Ⅵ= A^Ⅵ A^Ⅵ and Si^Ⅵ Na^Ⅷ=A^Ⅵ M^Ⅷ,which are enhanced by rising pressure. The supersilicic garnet and exsolution of pyroxene, rutile, apatite and quartz in garnet during decompression were found in natural rocks,pointing to the importance in studying mantle-derived rocks and ultrahigh pressure metamorphism related to plate deep subduction. Ti, P, K and H2O enters garnet via the substitutions of Ti = Si, P^Ⅵ Na^Ⅷ = Si^Ⅵ CaⅧ, Si^Ⅵ K^Ⅷ = AI^Ⅵ M^Ⅷ, and [(OH)4]^4- = [SiO4]^4- or [4H]^4 = Si^4 respectively. The possible entering of Eskola pyroxene component M0.5AlSi2O6 in clinopyroxene, together with the common pyroxene component M2Si2O6, into garnet can lead to the presence of the substitution of Si^Ⅵ 0.5□^Ⅷ= A^Ⅵ 0.5M^Ⅷ in garnet structure, which plays a key role in the exsolution of rntile, apatite and quartz in garnet. Two new breakdown reactions are thus proposed on the basis of the new coupled substitution, which can be regarded as a theoretical model for the exsolntion of the 3 minerals in garnet. The real exsolution may be a combination of several breakdown reactions.     

Unusual high-density and saline aqueous inclusions in ultrahigh pressure metamorphic rocks from Sulu terrane in eastern China

Fluid inclusions are the samples of metamorphic fluids trapped during the formation and/or later fractur-ing-resealing processes of metamorphic minerals. The composition and properties of fluid incluisons can reflect the physico-chemical conditions of the fluids during plate subduction and exhuamtion[1]. Ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks commonly experienced considerable decompression in the course of exhumation process. This has caused departure of the retrograde P-T path of the ro…     

月表虹湾地区辉石及橄榄石含量反演

月表成分定量分布是月球探测中重要的一个科学问题．为了建立月表虹湾地区辉石与橄榄石的含量反演模型,本文在深入分析理解月表主要矿物的光谱特性的基础上,首先使用LSCC实测矿物数据,根据辉石、橄榄石在300-2600nm波谱范围的吸收特征分布,通过MGM模型计算19个采样点的光谱数据的5个吸收特征,每个吸收特征有吸收中心（Center）、吸收宽度（FWHM）、吸收强度（Strength）这3个吸收特征参数,利用多元回归分析建立矿物反演模型．由于缺乏月表实测数据,本文弓1入M^3高光谱数据利用Hapke辐射传输模型制作模拟混合矿物光谱对模型性能进行检验．最后,将反演模型应用于嫦娥三号月球车的首选着陆点一虹湾地区,得到其矿物含量分布图．实验表明利用MGM模型拟合分析的方法进行高光谱遥感矿物识别是一种可行的研究方法．     

Multiple seismic discontinuities near the base of the transition zone in the Earth's mantle

The seismologically defined boundary between the transition zone in the Earth's mantle (410-660 km depth) and the underlying lower mantle is generally interpreted to result from the breakdown of the gamma-spinel phase of olivine to magnesium-perovskite and magnesiowustite. Laboratory measurements of these transformations of olivine have determined that the phase boundary has a negative Clapeyron slope and does indeed occur near pressures corresponding to the base of the transition zone. But a computational study has indicated that, because of the presence of garnet minerals, multiple seismic discontinuities might exist near a depth of 660 km (ref. 4), which would alter the simple negative correlation of changes in temperature with changes in the depth of the phase boundary. In particular, garnet minerals undergo exothermic transformations near this depth, acting to complicate the phase relations and possibly effecting mantle convection processes in some regions. Here we present seismic evidence that supports the existence of such multiple transitions near a depth of 660 km beneath southern California. The observations are consistent with having been generated by garnet transformations coupling with the dissociation of the gamma-spinel phase of olivine. Temperature anomalies calculated from the imaged discontinuity depths--using Clapeyron slopes determined for the various transformations--generally match those predicted from an independent P-wave velocity model of the region.