中国环境污染排放的空间公平性评价

对环境污染排放实行总量控制并保证其空间公平性.是改善环境质量、实现区际和谐发展的重要条件.借鉴评价收入公平性的指标--基尼系数的内涵.提出环境污染基尼系数和人口(经济)一污染空间一致性系数的概念,发展了一种评估环境污染排放空间公平性的方法.以1995年～2006年的中国环境污染排放为例,分别计算了基于人口和GDP的工业废水、工业废气和工业固体废物的污染基尼系数与人口(经济)一污染空间一致性系数.分析结果表明,中国环境污染排放的空间差异较小,总体上处于相对公平状态,不公平因子既有沿海省份也有内陆省份.对环境污染排放的空间公平性进行评价研究,可以为国家实行差别化的环境经济政策提供依据.     

完善环境污染责任保险运行机制的探讨

在分析环境污染责任保险运行中存在问题的基础上,从环境污染损害分类、承保范围、保险模式、承保机构、理赔程序五方面对完善环境污染责任保险运行机制进行了探讨.将环境污染损害分为生理损害、实物财产损害、环境权损害和精神损害四大类;提供了环境污染损害数额计算推荐方法;分析了环境污染责任保险的全额和比例承保的范围;提出了不同规模、不同污染情况的企业选择的投保模式;提出了承保机构的必要组成部门;从现场勘察立案、损失评估、责任认定、事故处理4个方面阐述了理赔程序.     

山区高等级公路建设环境损伤影响可拓性评价

 中国山区高等级公路建设对其周边沿线区域内的环境损伤破坏比较严重,主要包括水环境污染、大气环境污染、噪音污染、生态环境污染和社会环境影响,所以公路建设的环境损伤评价工作十分重要.为了评估山区高等级公路建设对区域环境的总体影响,通过对公路建设可能造成的环境损伤影响分析,提出了公路建设项目环境损伤影响的评价指标体系,并且引入了可拓学理论,使用物元可拓评价法进行环境损伤评价研究.在评价中以在建的张家界-花垣高速公路为例进行分析,根据张花高速公路现场调研考察所得的数据,建立了环境损伤影响评判的物元模型,给出了基于关联函数的可拓评判方法.计算结果表明,利用物元可拓法中的关联度函数及权重系数等计算手段,能使评价结果与实际情况相符,表明物元可拓评价法能客观反映山区高等级公路在建项目的环境损伤影响情况.     

福建省土壤环境损害鉴定评估关键技术研究

<正>前言近年来,伴随我国工业化的快速发展,土壤环境污染事故时有发生,接连发生了云南曲靖铬污染事件、常州外国语学校的"毒地"事件、腾格里沙漠污染事件等土壤环境损害事件。随着民众维权意识和健康意识的提高,大家开始关注土壤污染事故对农产品安全和自身人体健康的影响,进而引发不少社会纠纷乃至环境污染诉讼案件。在环境污染诉讼案件的司法裁决中,损害鉴定评估意见是诉讼证据链中关键一环,是依法处置环境污染损害和惩治环境破坏行为的有力保障。目前,我国土壤环境损害评估技术标准的研究还处于起步阶段。因此,开展土壤环境损害鉴定评估的相关研究工作意义重大。     

城市生活垃圾填埋场水环境污染效应研究——以广州市李坑垃圾填埋场为例

通过对研究区的水质调查与采样分析,基于地下水、地表水等水质标准,尝试确定了适宜于垃圾填埋场区的水环境质量评价标准,采用水质指数法进行了填埋场区水质评价;基于子流域划分、水质超标特征、氢氧稳定同位素特征,结合地质环境研究,确定了填埋场水污染的3种途径;通过背景水点与渗滤液、污染水点的大量、微量与有机微量(多环芳烃、邻苯二甲酸酯、苯系物3类)组分对比分析,依据污染水点和渗滤液超过背景值的程度选择代表性指标,尝试构建填埋场地下水环境污染指标体系,为填埋场地下水环境污染来源识别与水污染评价指标选择提供依据。     

基于灰色聚类分析的软件项目绩效模糊评价模型

针对软件项目绩效评估过程中存在的问题,研究了一种基于灰色聚类分析的软件项目绩效模糊评价模型.首先分析软件项目绩效评估指标选取原则,建立软件项目绩效评估指标体系;其次建立基于熵权法的软件项目绩效评估指标权重分配模型;然后针对软件项目绩效评估情况,划分软件项目绩效评估级别,建立不同软件项目绩效评估级别的灰色聚类白化权函数,进而建立软件项目绩效评估的灰色聚类分析模型,给出相应模型的实现算法;最后结合算例对文中的模型和算法进行验证分析,说明模型与算法的可行性.     

基于灰色模糊聚类法的高职院校内涵建设评估研究

建立高职院校内涵建设评估指标体系,该体系涉及人才培养、办学条件、师资队伍建设、科研水平和社会服务五个方面,共21个指标.选取了福建省11所示范性高职院校作为评估样本,采用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度分析,对其内涵建设相关指标进行关联度测算,得到11所院校内涵建设的排名情况,再应用模糊聚类分析进行动态分类,绘出不同置信水平λ下11所高职院校内涵建设情况的动态聚类谱系图,最后对评估结果进行分析.     

基于GIS的环境污染扩散模型

建立预测污染物通过大气和水扩散的数学模型.利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,在沈阳市地图上,按照污染事故发生的实际地理位置,对数学模型进行模拟和显示.将模型的数值解和GIS相结合,在时间和空间上对污染扩散进行分析,计算不同污染物在不同时段的扩散面积,分析不同地点的污染物质量浓度和污染程度,获取受污染范围内的人口和周边单位等重要信息;从而预测重大污染事故对环境的影响范围和程度,预报突发性环境污染事故对周围人群、环境造成的危害,为应急监测、现场救护和灾后评估提供科学依据.     

成都市凤凰山公园土壤重金属污染环境监测研究

随着现代工业的发展,环境污染日益加剧,土壤重金属污染日趋严重.以具体项目土壤重金属污染环境监测为例,通过监测因子数据分析,对该区域土壤重金属污染情况做出评价,以体现环境监测对土壤重金属污染进行评价、分析、指导方面的积极作用.     

基于随机森林的民俗体育对身体指标影响评估方法

随着体育事业的发展,传统体育项目越来越受重视.作为我国传统体育运动的重要组成部分,民俗体育运动的发展显得尤为重要.为研究民俗体育项目对健身效果的影响,组织多个对象分别进行一段时间内的角力类、竞足类和技巧类三类民俗体育运动训练,并观察对象训练后在身体形态、身体机能、身体素质三方面共计32个代表性身体指标的变化情况.进一步,以身体指标变化情况作为特征表示观察对象,采用随机森林算法预测不同对象在训练阶段进行民俗体育运动的种类,在过程中基于信息增益进行特征选择,从而度量不同类别民俗体育运动对各项身体指标的影响程度.将获得的不同运动对各项身体指标的影响程度与真实影响情况进行评估分析,揭示民俗体育运动与人身体机能的关联关系.此外,实验结果证明,和基准线算法相比,提出的算法有更高的预测准确性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.