用汽液平衡法研究NaI在乙醇-环己烷中的活度系数

测定了乙醇-环己烷-NaI体系常压汽液平衡数据,采用双标准检验法对数据进行检验,检验结果全部合格.假定NaI的平均活度系数可表示为盐浓度平方根(m1/2)的幂级数,采用全部合格的汽液平衡数据拟合出幂级数中的各项参数,从而获得在双液比固定条件下盐在非水混合体系中的活度系数.计算结果表明,正常泡点温度下,在具有固定双液比的乙醇-环己烷混合溶剂中,NaI的平均活度系数随盐浓度的增加而减小.此法可推广于其他非水混合溶剂中电解质活度系数的测定.     

汽液平衡法研究NaI在甲醇-苯中的活度系数

测定了甲醇-苯-NaI体系常压汽液平衡数据,采用双标准检验法对数据进行检验,检验结果全部合格.假定NaI的平均活度系数可表示为盐浓度平方根(m1/2)的幂级数,采用全部合格的汽液平衡数据拟合出幂级数中的各项系数,从而获得在双液比固定条件下盐在非水混合体系的活度系数.计算结果表明正常泡点温度下在具有固定双液比的甲醇-苯混合溶剂中NaI的平均活度系数随盐浓度的增加先减小,经过一个极小值后又增加.此法可推广于其它非水混合溶剂中电解质活度系数的测定.     

二氧化碳-二甲醚-甲醇-水四元体系汽液平衡的测定与预测

利用自吸式搅拌静态平衡釜,由气相色谱检测汽液相组成,测定298.15、313.15、333.15、353.15 K下二氧化碳-二甲醚-甲醇-水四元体系的等温汽液相平衡数据。采用状态方程-活度系数法,由彭-罗宾逊方程计算气相各组分的逸度系数,有序双液方程计算液相活度系数,进行了二氧化碳-二甲醚-甲醇-水四元体系汽液平衡数据的热力学计算。模型计算值与实验值吻合良好。     

乙醇+甲苯+水+碳酸钾四元物系液液平衡数据的研究

乙醇-甲苯物系为共沸物,普通精馏的方法不能将其有效地分离.本研究采用水+碳酸钾(K2CO3)混合溶剂液液萃取分离乙醇-甲苯混合物.用气相色谱测定乙醇+甲苯+水+碳酸钾四元体系在大气压下、298.15 K时的液液平衡数据,计算了水+碳酸钾混合萃取剂对乙醇的选择性系数和分配系数.实验结果表明,选择性系数及分配系数都远大于1,选择性系数随着萃余相中乙醇含量的增加而减小,随着萃取剂中盐含量的增加而增大.平衡数据采用Rajendran改进的Eisen-Joffe模型方程进行关联计算,计算方程的最小相关系数为0.994,最大标准差为0.05.     

盐对水—乙醇系统汽液平衡影响的关联与推算

测定了水－乙醇－盐（NaCl、KCl）系统的等压（100.8kPa)汽洲平衡数据，以三元Gibbs-Duhem方程为基础给出盐对气液对气液平衡影响的关联方程，采用对Pitzer模型微扰的方法得到电解质在混合溶剂中的活度系数，仅有一个可调参数可由少数实验点确定，此法在无盐汽液平衡基础上可从盐的浓度推算盐对汽液平衡的影响，在盐浓至饱和及乙醇浓度变化很大范围内汽相组成及平衡温度的推算结果与均与实验相符。     

乙醇/丙醇-水-复合溶剂体系汽液平衡研究

为研究复合萃取溶剂体系下醇-水的汽液平衡,分别选用盐质量浓度为0.2 g/mL的乙二醇+氯化锂、乙二醇+醋酸钾2种复合萃取溶剂,测定了101.3 kPa下不同溶剂体积比(0.5: 1,1: 1,2: 1)时乙醇-水和丙醇-水的汽液平衡数据.分别用Wilson和NRTL热力学模型对所测汽液平衡数据按拟三元体系进行了关联.利用工业规模的实验装置,对测定结果进行了验证.结果表明,复合萃取溶剂能使乙醇-水和丙醇-水体系的共沸点消失,大大改变了体系中醇与水的相对挥发度.关联结果表明,Wilson热力学模型较NRTL热力学模型更适于乙醇/丙醇-水复合萃取溶剂体系.工业规模生产数据验证了所测定数据的可靠性,乙醇产品纯度可达到99.85%.     

氨基酸与甲醇-水混合溶剂的相互作用

本文采用改进的Ｒｏｓｅ釜测定了在３３３．１５及３３８．１５Ｋ下，氨基乙酸、ＤＬ－氨基丙酸在甲醇水溶液中的汽液平衡数据．计算了各双液组成下溶剂组分的活度系数以及氨基酸与溶剂组分间的相互作用参数．探讨了溶液内部粒子间的相互作用规律，得到了一些具有理论价值的结论     

乙醇-水-复合溶剂体系汽液平衡

用改进的Othmer汽液平衡釜测定了101．3kPa下乙醇-水一复合溶剂6个体系在不同溶剂比下的汽液平衡数据，6种复合溶剂为：乙二醇 氯化锂，乙二醇 氯化钙，乙二醇 醋酸钾，乙二醇 氯化锂 氢氧化钾，乙二醇 氯化钙 氢氧化钾，乙二醇 醋酸钾 氢氧化钾。并用Wilson模型和NRTL模型对实验数据进行了关联，结果良好，大部分体系汽相组成平均偏差小于0．02，泡点温度平均偏差小于1K。     

对氨基苯酚在乙醇-水体系中溶解度的测定与关联

测定了对氨基苯酚在水、乙醇和乙醇-水混合溶剂中的溶解度。将水中溶解度的实测值与文献值进行了比较，符合良好。用溶解度模型和S-H活度系数方程对实验数据进行回归，得出了模型计算所需要的二元交互作用参数lij，建立了计算对氨基苯酚溶解度的热力学模型，回归及计算结果与实验值符合良好。该模型可对较高温度下对氨基苯酚在混合溶剂中的溶解度进行预测。     

用PR方程新的混合规则预测高压汽液平衡

为了预测高压汽液平衡 ,提出了 PR方程新的混合规则。它建立在无限大压力下由状态方程计算出的超额Helmholtz自由能与由活度系数模型得到的超额 Helm holtz自由能相等的基础上 ,并假定液体体积与状态方程参数 b成正比。使用 U NIFAC方程计算超额 Helmholtz自由能 ,利用该混合规则 ,对 6个体系在不同温度和压力下的汽液平衡进行了预测。结果表明混合规则可成功地用于高压汽液平衡的预测 ,其精度比 MHV2模型稍好     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the