高浓度硫酸盐废水厌氧生物脱硫研究

本文对高浓度硫酸盐废水厌氧生物脱硫技术进行了探讨,研究了单相上流式污泥床（UASB）反应器处理高浓度硫酸盐废水启动条件和稳定运行的全过程。利用人工配水成功启动和稳定运行的UASB反应器在硫酸盐容积负荷1.8kg.（m3.d）-1,COD容积负荷5.0kg.（m3.d）-1时相应的硫酸盐和COD去除率分别达到95%左右和35%左右。温度低于20℃或者硫化物浓度高于300mg/L时都会抑制硫酸盐还原,导致硫酸盐和COD去除率降低。温度高于20℃或者硫化物浓度低于300mg/L时,硫酸盐去除率可以保持稳定在90%以上。反应器功能微生物驯化富集成功后,可以保持稳定的硫酸盐和COD去除率,提高进水负荷对其影响不大,能短时间内提高到较高的进水负荷。合理的对反应器进行气体吹脱可以有效脱除废水中游离的H2S降低硫化物对微生物的抑制作用,从而提高硫酸盐去除率和COD去除率。     

载金硫化物焙烧--自浸出过程研究

针对传统氧化焙烧-氰化浸金工艺环境污染严重的现状,采用焙烧-自浸出工艺提取载金硫化物中的金.研究焙烧温度、焙烧时间和试样量对单质硫转化率和金浸出率的影响,通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察、能谱分析等手段分析焙烧过程中载金硫化物中硫的物相转变规律.载金硫化物中黄铁矿发生热分解反应生成单质硫和磁黄铁矿,随焙烧温度的升高和焙烧时间的延长,黄铁矿的特征衍射峰强度逐渐减小直到消失,磁黄铁矿的特征衍射峰逐渐生成并增强,原本致密状的黄铁矿颗粒变得疏松多孔.50 g试样在氮气流量1 L·min-1、焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间60 min的条件下,单质硫的转化率达到42.53%,金浸出率达到88.70%,实现载金硫化物的高效非氰浸出.     

控制低溶解氧浓度实现生活污水短程硝化研究

以SBR工艺处理低C/N生活污水 ,研究了溶解氧浓度 (DO)对硝化过程中亚硝酸氮积累的影响 .在 2 0～ 2 5℃ ,进水氨氮为 78～ 10 8mg/L时 ,当DO <1.0mg/L ,出现亚硝酸氮的累积 .当DO在 0 .5～ 0 .7mg/L时 ,曝气时间 6h ,亚硝化率可达到 80 %以上 ,氨氮去除率在 95 %以上 .与其他 5个溶解氧浓度水平相比 ,该条件下是既达到较高亚硝化率 ,又达到较高氨氮去除率的最佳工况     

曝气充氧对一体式A/O反应器好氧段去除硫化物效果的影响研究

含硫污废水经过厌氧处理会产生硫化物,如果以H2S的形式溢出,会与大气中的臭氧发生氧化反应形成酸雨,污染大气环境。为了降低污废水中的硫化物,本文在一体式A/O反应器好氧段进行曝气充氧去除硫化物试验,研究不同曝气量QAIR(1 m3/h、2m3/h、3m3/h)对污水中硫化物去除效果的影响,并考察硫化物的氧化效果。试验结果表明:硫化物去除率随着曝气量的增加而增大,硫化物的氧化效果随着曝气量的增加先增大后减小。在最佳曝气量2m3/h时,硫化物平均去除率为86%,硫酸盐平均生成率为32.7%,单质硫平均生成率为46.8%。     

MBBR处理模拟城市污水的工艺条件

通过对移动床生物膜反应器处理模拟城市污水的试验研究,探讨了水力停留时间、进水浓度和容积负荷对反应器处理性能和效果的影响,进行了污泥产率和氮平衡的计算,并观察了反应器中的微生物相.试验结果表明:当进水CODCr为200～550mg L、水力停留时间为4h时,CODCr去除率达85%以上;即使在进水有机负荷和NH3 N负荷分别为5.63kg (m3·d)和0.47kg (m3·d)的情况下,NH3 N和TN的去除率也接近40%.     

用硫化氢气体分解硫化钠阳极电解液的热力学分析

直接电解硫化氢碱性溶液(通常用Na2S溶液表示)产生单质硫和氢气的关键问题是单质硫在阳极表面上沉积而导致的阳极钝化. 用硫化氢气体分解Na2S的阳极电解液可以很好地解决这一问题,并对这一方法进行了热力学分析.对简化S-H2O 系的电势-pH图的分析表明,多硫化物Sx2-在碱性溶液中稳定,且随着体系中溶解态物质的总硫浓度T(s)的增加,高级多硫化物的优势区增大.当Na2S阳极电解液与硫化氢气体反应时,固相硫稳定存在于pH较低和H2S 分压较小的环境中.分析表明,当H2S 分压为1atm,溶液pH值小于8时,大多数多硫化物分解为单质硫S、S2-, HS-或H2S(aq.).分析结果对电解产生多硫化物以及用H2S气体分解多硫化物的实际过程具有重要指导意义.图6,表1,参10.     

大蒜切片废水处理的组合工艺实验研究

研究填料厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)—活性污泥—水生植物的组合工艺处理大蒜切片加工废水的运行特点.结果表明:填料ABR单元的最佳HRT为20 h,有机负荷小于COD 7.8 kg/(m3.d)为宜,在此工况下,COD的平均去除率可达92.5%;活性污泥法单元的最佳HRT为12 h,进水有机负荷宜保持在COD 0.8~1.2 kg/(m3.d)之间,在此工况下,COD的平均去除率为81.0%;水生植物单元的最佳HRT为3.5 d,在此最佳HRT下,COD的去除率为42.6%.该组合工艺COD总去除率保持在99.37%~99.42%之间,出水的COD浓度为38~41 mg/L,出水水质能稳定达到国家一级A排放标准.     

UASB反应器处理垃圾渗滤液的启动研究

垃圾渗滤液为难处理的高浓度有机废水,上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)工艺被证明是处理该类废水的有效手段。为此,以一系列不同渗滤液浓度的模拟废水作为进水,对逐步启动UASB反应器进行了动态小试,得出了UASB工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的较快速启动方法。结果显示:接种普通厌氧污泥,逐步增加反应器负荷,经过95 d的运行,完成启动。此时进水COD质量浓度为5 250 mg/L,COD去除率为85%,容积COD负荷达8.4 kg/(m3.d),容积产气率为5.0 m3/(m3.d),反应器底部形成少量颗粒污泥。     

硫自养反硝化反应器脱氮特性研究

以硫自养反硝化反应器脱氮为研究体系,对其反硝化特性进行研究。结果表明,反应器完成挂膜后,15天可完成对反应器内硫自养菌的驯化,相比于其他的硫自养反硝化反应器,所用时间较短,进水pH值为8,t(HRT)为4.3h,进水硝酸盐质量浓度为70 mg/L时,脱氮率可稳定在90%以上,反硝化速率达18.5mg/(L·h)(以N元素计);反应器上、中、下部均有脱氮硫杆菌,且中、下部较多。反应器的最佳进水硝酸盐质量浓度为50mg/L,最适温度为30~35℃,最佳进水pH值为7~8,硝酸盐去除率可达90%以上。     

两相UASB反应器相分离

以蔗糖为基质 ,采用连续进水的方式 ,研究两相 UASB反应器的相分离 .结果表明 ,控制酸化相 p H值为 5 .5 0～ 6.0 0 ,可得到满意的相分离效果 .运行 80 d后 ,酸化相颗粒污泥直径为 2～ 8mm ,污泥浓度为 73.61kg.m-3,COD去除 的产气率 74 0 .0 m L .g-1,COD容积负荷为 116.0 6kg.(m3.d) -1;产甲烷相颗粒污泥直径为 1～ 3mm,污泥浓度为 5 3.73kg.m-3,COD去除 的产气率 614 .4 m L .g-1,COD的容积负荷为 19.91kg.(m3.d) -1.两相 UASB反应器的 COD总去除率达 93.3%,COD容积负荷为 2 0 .82 kg.(m3.d) -1.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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