翅片型式对空气源热泵机组结霜特性的影响

对使用条缝翅片管换热器的空气源热泵空调器在结霜工况下的动态性能进行了试验研究,用显微照相法测量了不同条件下室外换热器表面的霜层厚度,并与采用平翅片管换热器的热泵样机试验结果进行了比较.结果表明:在结霜初始阶段,条缝翅片管换热器表面霜层增长速度远大于平翅片管换热器,结霜循环周期大大缩短;对于低相对湿度工况,条缝翅片管换热器在结霜过程中出现了一段表面霜层厚度几乎不增长的时间段,使得其结霜周期显著增大;与使用平翅片管换热器的热泵样机不同,使用条缝翅片管蒸发器的热泵机组的制热量及性能系数随环境空气相对湿度的升高而大幅度降低.     

结霜工况下R410A翅片管式蒸发器的换热特性

在焓差实验装置和热泵性能测试系统中,对一台R410A空气源热泵的翅片管式蒸发器在结霜工况下的换热特性进行了试验研究.通过改变蒸发器制冷剂侧和空气侧的流体温度、流量等参数,利用显微摄影机对室外侧换热器的平直翅片表面结霜过程进行动态跟踪.实验表明,结霜速率和霜层厚度的变化对制冷系统的换热量、蒸发温度、制冷剂侧压降、整体传热效率都有不同程度的影响.在蒸发器的结霜初期和结霜后期,系统性能的衰减程度有较大区别.在空气温度为0℃~-4℃,相对湿度大于80%的情况下,换热器表面结霜速度最快.     

环境参数对空气源热泵蒸发器表面霜层影响研究

对一台空气源热泵翅片管蒸发器表面结霜特性进行了实验研究,分析了室外环境温度和相对湿度对霜层的形态、平均密度、总平均密度及动态密度的影响.实验结果表明:室外环境温度的降低或相对湿度的增加将促使换热器表面霜层在生长过程中形成针状霜晶,乃至形成绒状霜层;在高温、高湿度工况下,霜层表面出现凝结水滴,使得霜层密度增大.在霜层减速生长段,霜层平均密度随结霜时间呈增大趋势,而在霜层加速生长段,霜层平均密度随结霜时间迅速减小,且动态霜层密度远远小于霜层平均密度.对环境参数不同而霜层厚度相同的霜层平均密度进行比较发现,其随环境温度的升高及相对湿度的减小而增大,且相对湿度的影响在低湿度工况下更为显著.     

基于有限时间热力学结霜工况热泵性能分析

研究了结霜工况下蒸发温度变化对空气源热泵性能的影响.依据有限时间热力学内可逆原理,简化了结霜工况下的空气源热泵循环过程,并分析了实际热工过程的最大能效输出.利用CYCLEPAD软件,对结霜工况下的空气源热泵结霜性能进行数值模拟,得到结霜工况下制热量,机组的制热性能系数,压缩机排气温度等性能参数随时间变化的规律.研究表明,当蒸发温度发生骤降时,热泵机组的其他性能参数也随之骤降.因此,蒸发温度的变化能够表征空气源热泵在结霜工况下的运行性能.     

空气源热枞器化霜方法的研究

阐述了空气源热泵热水器的结霜特性,分析了热泵热水器化霜时与空调器不同的特征,提出了采用检测冷凝器温度与水温的差值来判断室外蒸发器是否结霜、检测室外热交换器盘管温度来判断除霜是否完成的两器盘管温度综合判断除霜法。     

空气源热泵热水器化霜方法的研究

阐述了空气源热泵热水器的结霜特性,分析了热泵热水器化霜时与空调器不同的特征,提出了采用检测冷凝器温度与水温的差值来判断室外蒸发器是否结霜、检测室外热交换器盘管温度来判断除霜是否完成的两器盘管温度综合判断除霜法。     

空气源热泵冷热水机组结霜研究

空气源热泵冷热水机组冬季运行时，空气侧换热器表面容易结霜，结霜将影响机组的供热能力，而且目前除霜过程的可靠性较差。对空气源热泵在冬季制热运行时结霜的因素进行了分析，并就结霜对机组冬季上况的影响进行了研究，提出了机组在冬季工况下性能提高的几条途径。     

复叠式空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜低温适应性实验研究

复叠式空气源热泵的几种常规除霜方式都存在一定的弊端,为此提出了复叠式空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜方法。为研究复叠式空气源热泵相变蓄能除霜的低温适应性,通过改变室外侧环境温度、相对湿度和结霜时间,设计了6种不同室外工况。并通过实验研究6种工况下,系统开启除霜模式时的运行特性。实验结果表明:6种工况下,除霜时间都在520～770 s范围内,且每个工况下机组运行正常,系统除霜性能稳定,同时室内侧平均供热量也达到正常供热的57.4%以上,说明本系统具有良好的低温适应性。     

不同片型组合翅片管式换热器的传热特性研究

为解决在干、结霜工况下空气源热泵室外机因结霜引起的换热性能下降的问题,以翅片管式换热器为研究对象.在模化试验的基础上,采用数值模拟的方法分别对不同片型组合的翅片换热器结霜量、换热与阻力性能以及平均对流换热系数进行分析.研究结果表明,前开孔后开缝的翅片组合方式较全开孔的结霜质量及平均对流换热系数分别最高可提升9％、11％.较前开缝后开孔的相应参数的增幅分别为17.7％、18.37％.     

浅析几种污水源热泵系统利用的形式及特点

污水源热泵系统是地源热泵系统的一种类型，由于污水水温的变化较室外空气温度变化小，因而污水源热泵的运行工况比空气源热泵的运行工况要稳定。城市处理后的污水是一种优良的引人注目的低温热源，是水／水热泵或水／空气热泵的理想热源。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

英文诗歌中的喻类修辞

为了有助于提高英文爱好者的个人情操、文化素养和学习兴趣,以及专业人员对英语学习和研究进行多途径的探索,本文通过一些精选诗歌的引证和分析,着重论述了喻类修辞法在英文诗歌中的运用其及效果。     

Man Is Unable to Change the Miserable Life——Analysis of the Arrangement of Four Characters in The Glass Menagerie

Tennessee Williams is considered as one of the most important American playwrights since World War II.The Glass Menagerie is his first successful drama,which describes a tragic situation of family and means to say that Man is unable to change the miserable life,no matter whatever means he try,This essay focuses on the analysis of the arrangement of the four main characters:Laura.Amanda,Jim and Tom to reveal the theme.Laura is fragile.Amanda is brave.Jim is vital.Tom is sensible.And all of them develop and try the different means to struggle against life,but fail tragically.With the evidence,the paper comes to conclusion naturally that Man is unable to change the miserable life,and he dooms to fail.     

Characterization of root-nodulating bacteria on Retama raetam in arid Tunisian soils

The aim of this study is to investigate the diversity of Retama raetam root-nodule bacteria isolated from arid regions of Tunisia. Twelve isolates, chosen as representative for different 16S rRNA gene patterns, were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic analysis. Isolates were assigned to Sinorhizobium, Rhizobium and Agrobacterium. Symbiotic properties of Sinorhizobium and Rhizobium isolates showed a large diversity in their capacity to infect their host plant and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Strain RK 22 identified as Rhizobium was the most effective isolate.     

An Affordable Accurate Evaluation of the Binding Conformations Predicted by Molecular Docking Studies in Bio-System

正Recently,docking has been widely used to predict the binding-modes of protein-inhibitors,when the crystal complexes structure was absent.Most docking algorithms are able to generate a large number of probable conformations,it,however,is difficult to effectively evaluate these docking poses and identify the most reasonable bindingmode.In the present study,on the basis of the crystallographic data of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme     

WIMAX与WI-FI技术分析及联合组网

介绍了WiMAX与Wi-Fi两种无线宽带接入技术,并对两者之间的关系及相互之间的影响做了对比及分析,并对WiMAX的关键技术进行了详细说明,最后对两者的联合组网方式做了简单的探讨。