动物抗菌肽的研究及应用

抗菌肽是具有抗菌活性的一类短肽,广泛存在于生物界.研究表明,除了具有广谱抗菌活性外,抗菌肽还具有抗病毒、抗真菌、抗寄生虫及抗肿瘤等生物活性.基于对抗菌肽的分类与特性、结构与活性、作用机理等方面进行系统的分析,综述了抗菌肽研究进展及应用前景.     

抗菌肽及其在动物营养学中的应用

抗菌肽是一类具有抗菌活性的天然小分子蛋白,具有分子量小、热稳定性好、广谱抗菌且对动物无毒副作用,不易产生耐药性等传统抗生素无法比拟的优点,因此,文章就抗菌肽的理化性质、结构特征、抗菌机理以及在动物营养学中的应用作了综述.     

抗菌肽的研究现状及应用

抗菌肽是近年来发现的广泛存在于自然界的一类阳离子抗菌活性肽。它具有分子量小、热稳定性好、无免疫原性、抗菌谱广等特点。抗菌肽具有体液免疫功能,能对细菌、真菌、病毒和原虫,甚至癌细胞都具有杀伤作用,有望开发成为新一代的抗菌药物。     

基于多标签直推学习的抗菌肽及其抗菌功能预测

抗菌肽是广泛存在于生物体内的一类具有广谱抗菌作用的天然多肽,因其不易导致细菌耐药性,已成为医药界开发新型抗菌制剂的主要选择,识别出更多的抗菌肽并预测其抗菌功能具有重要意义.提出了一种基于多标签直推学习的抗菌肽及其抗菌功能的预测方法,该方法利用K-spaced氨基酸对组成方法提取多肽特征,采用多标签学习框架和加权近邻图构建直推预测模型,通过对有标签训练样本和无标签待测样本的共同学习来提升预测性能.该方法不仅能够识别多肽是否为抗菌肽,还能同时预测出抗菌肽所具有的单种或多种抗菌功能,且适用于对多效抗菌肽和普通抗菌肽的预测.数值实验表明,与已有的iAMP-2L预测方法相比,所提方法在全局预测精度和多标签预测性能上均有较大提升.     

微生物源抗菌肽表达系统研究进展及改造策略

针对抗菌肽的生物活性、重组表达系统以及分子改造设计进行了回顾总结,提出了抗菌肽研究及技术开发领域目前存在的问题,包括抗菌活性较弱、生物合成效率不高、选择性差等。同时提出分子改造是提高抗菌活性和选择性的有效策略,而优化重组表达系统是提高生物合成效率的关键途径。认为针对抗菌肽的研究和开发,一方面会深化人类对于抗菌肽的结构与抗菌性、选择性、毒性关系的认识,深化对重组表达系统关键步骤及调控机理的认识,具有显著的科学意义;另一方面,由于抗菌肽独特的抗菌机制,不易产生耐药性,对抗菌肽的研发将会大大推动其在药品、食品、化妆品、饲料等领域的应用。     

蛙皮抗菌肽在低温肉制品中防腐作用研究

对蛙皮抗菌肽在低温火腿肠制品中的防腐作用进行研究,并比较了抗菌肽、山梨酸钾、乳酸链球菌素以及相关复合防腐剂的防腐效果.研究结果表明:抗菌肽添加量与低温火腿肠制品保质期呈正相关;抗菌肽对低温肉制品具有明显的抗菌活性,其抗菌活性低于山梨酸钾.     

两栖类动物皮肤分泌抗菌肽的研究进展(动物科学)

近年因病原性细菌耐药性日趋严重,迫切需要从各种自然资源中寻找新的抗菌药物;因两栖类抗菌肽具有分子量小、水溶性好、抗原性低、抗菌作用强等优点,成为筛选抗菌药物的重要研究对象。本文就两栖抗菌肽的生物活性、分子结构、家族分类、抗菌分子机制、应用价值及研究前景等方面进行了综述。当前的研究表明,两栖类抗菌肽除具有抗菌作用外还有抗病毒抗肿瘤溶血等作用;它们因结构可分为3类:线性α-螺旋多肽、环性肽和含10～13个氨基酸残基长度的多肽;目前已发现抗菌肽有很多家族如Magainin家族、Aurein家族、Bombinin家族、Bombinin-like家族Brevinin家族等抗菌肽家族不同其生物活性也不同;它们杀菌主要通过膜裂解或膜不裂解机制完成;已发现两栖类抗菌肽在临床医药、食品保鲜防腐、农业生产等领域具有广阔的应用价值。随着在分子水平上深入的研究,两栖类抗菌肽将突破表达量低、特异性差、产量小、成本高等局限性,为人类制备新型抗菌药提供更多可用的资源。     

海洋鱼类和青蟹抗菌肽hepcidin和scygonadin的研究

抗菌肽或抗微生物肽因具有杀死或抑制微生物的共同特性,近年来科学家又将这些肽类称为"天然抗生素",有望在将来作为一种新型的生物药物替代现有的化学类抗生素.海洋动物中蕴藏着世界上丰富的抗菌活性物质,研究与开发应用海洋动物抗菌肽成为近年来的研究热点.结合国内外的相关研究进展,简要总结了课题组近年来在我国海水养殖鱼类抗菌肽hepcidin和青蟹抗菌肽scygonadin的研究进展,从抗菌肽的蛋白分离、纯化、基因克隆、基因表达模式、基因工程表达以及抗菌肽合成与表达产品的抗菌活性等进行了简要细致的叙述,对深入探索海洋动物抗菌肽在我国水产养殖业的开发应用具有重要的参考价值.     

抗菌肽的分类及作用机理研究进展

抗菌肽是广泛存在于自然界生物中的具有广谱抗菌、抗病毒、抑制杀伤肿瘤细胞等作用的多肽。简要概述了抗菌肽在分类进化及作用机理方面的研究进展。     

富脯氨酸抗菌肽的功能与作用机制

富脯氨酸抗菌肽(proline-rich antimicrobial peptides, PrAMPs)是最早分离自动物的线性多肽，具有较高的抗菌活性且细胞毒性较低，在天然免疫中具有重要的作用，是对抗多种耐药病原体的理想药物.富脯氨酸抗菌肽主要有3种来源：昆虫、哺乳动物和植物，其中，绝大多数PrAMPs来自前两种动物，只有少部分来自植物.这些PrAMPs的最大特点就是都富含脯氨酸，对革兰氏阴性菌和少部分革兰氏阳性菌、真菌均具有抑制作用.PrAMPs的作用机制不同于其他抗菌肽(antimicrobial peptides, AMPs)的膜破坏作用模式，其是通过进入细菌细胞质后与其内部靶点(DnaK蛋白)结合的模式对DnaK的生物学功能进行抑制，从而最终导致细菌死亡.这一作用机制对于抗菌新药的开发很有意义.除了抗菌作用外，PrAMPs还具有其他重要的生物学功能，其在抑制炎症反应、刺激血管生成以及对NF-κB信号的影响等方面都具有重要作用.这些发现表明PrAMPs在伤口修复、炎症、缺血-再灌注损伤以及诱导血管生成等方面具有很好的应用前景.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.